• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.704-709
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to establish the system of mass propagation through tissue culture using sucker and stem in Ramie. The sterilization for tissue culture of Ramie was the better treatment of 2% NaClO for 20 minute into ultrasonic cleaner than the others, and so rate of contamination was 3.3%, and it was able to produce 96% healthy plant. The effect of growth regulator was superior to mixed treatment of 0.02mg/$\ell$ NAA, 1.5mg/$\ell$ BA, 0.lmgmg/$\ell$ GA$_3$, which it was not formed callus and but produced 96% healthy plant. The effect of propagation was higher in culturing of the stem node than the sucker in cultural part, local variety than improved ones. The effect of acclimatization was superior to pretreatment of 30 minute after soaking in 100ppm NAA, transplanting on bed soil which mixed to ratio of vermiculite : soil : sand =1 : 2 : 1, the transplanted plants were grown all normal.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 1996

In order to cultivate the soybean sprout fortified with organogermanium, we observed growth characteristics and germanium content of soybean sprout watered with the aqueous organogermanium, Ge-132[bis(2-Carboxyethylgermanium sesquioxide)]. Soybean sprout did not show difference in growth when treated with different times and frequencies of organogermanium or different types of germanium. Growth of Orialtae soybean sprout was smaller in diameter of hypocotyledonary axis and longer in total length than that of Danyeob soybean sprout. Three hour's soaking was better in growth than half an boar's treatment. Germanium absorbed by soybean sprout was greater in content in Danyeob soybean sprout than in Orialtae soybean sprout and highest at 20 ppm in water. Prolonged period and increased frequency in treatments with organic germanium resulted in increase of germanium uptake. Germanium content in soybean sprout was greater with treatment of organic germanium than with inorganic germanium.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.559-568
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• 2004

Diagnosis of Raynaud's phenomenon is primarily based on clinical symptoms. Cold stress test(CST) done by DITI(Digital Infrared Thermographic Image) can be helpful for objective diagnosis. The cold stress test was performed three times by DITI; the first after 15 minutes of rest, the second right after one minute of soaking in $20^{\circ}C$ water, the third ten minutes after immersion. For a clear diagnosis, the temperature of the finger tips must be low, or the thermal difference between the metacarpophalangeal joints and the fingertips must be large. Also the evaluation of treatment depends on decrease of thermal gradient between the metacarpophalangeal joints and the finger tips after CST. In oriental medicine Raynaud's phenomenon can be categorized by coldness of the limbs or numbness. Numbness was diagnosed as depression of Ki and Chiljehyangbuhwan(Qizhixiangfuwan) was prescribed. Positive results were observed, not only in follow up CST, but also Visual Analogue Scale after treatment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.125-129
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• 1968

For the study of method for promoting the germination of Korean sod seeds harvseted newly some physical and chemical treatments were tested in this experiment. The summarized results of these tests are as follows: 1. Storage of wet seed in low temperature of 0~$2^{\circ}C$ during 2~30 days was seemed the most effective treatment for promoting the germination of sod seed. 2. The treatment that Soaking and mixing up the seeds in cone sulphuric acid about one and half minutes and then washing off in the water promoted fairly the germination of sod seeds. 3. Better germination of sod seeds was found in the light than in the dark or soil. 4. Cutting the top of seed and crushing of seed coat with sand seemed to promote slightly the germination of sod seeds. 5. No promoting effect for germination of sod seeds was found with treatments of Gibberellin, $NH_4$ $NO_3$ and NAA.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.279-284
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• 2016

Membrane distillation (MD) is the thermally driven water separation process based on the vapor pressure difference across the membrane. In order to increase the water recovery of the conventional RO process, the additional MD-PRO pocess was suggested. In this study, the syntheric RO brine was used as a feed solution of the MD process. Due to the high salinity of the RO brine, the MD membrane could be fouled by the scalants. In order to mitigate the scaling on the MD membrane surface, the pre-treatment process using the column filled by natural zeolite was applied. The roughing filter was installed between the pre-treatment process and MD system in order to prevent possible particulate fouling by the debries of the natural zeolite. Moreover, in order to enhance the CEC of the natural zeolite, the NaCl soaking was conducted. The flux and electronic conductivity were monitored under given experimental conditions. And the membrane morphology and the chemical compositions were analyzed by using the SEM-EDX.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.97-102
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• 2004

Paenibacillus polymyxa E681, with its plant growth promotion and root colonization ability, has been proven to be a promising biocontrol agent of cucumber and barley. This study investigated the attributes related to the movement of bacteria from the seed to the radicle and to the whole root system. It also illustrated the existing form and population changes of the bacteria on seed and root using the scanning electron microscope and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The bacteria invaded and colonized the inside of the seed coat while the seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension. Almost the same number of bacteria on seed surface invaded the inside of the seed coat right after seed soaking. The population densities of E681 increased greatly inside as well as on the surface of the seed before the radicle emerged. The bacteria attached on the emerging radicle directly affected the initial population of newly emerg-ing root. The colonized cells on the root were arranged linearly toward the elongation of the root axis. In addition to colonizing the root surface, strain E681 was found inside the roots, where cells colonized the inter-cellular space between certain epidermal and cortical cells. When the cucumber seeds were soaked in bacterial suspension and sown in pot, the bacterial populations attached on both the surface and inside of the root were sustained up to harvesting time. This means that E681 successfully colonized the root of cucumber and sustained its population density up to harvesting time through seed treatment.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.335-340
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• 1997

100% root formation in in vitro cultures was observed regardless of kind and levels of auxin used and explant source. The number of roots/explant was increased in 0.5~1.0 mg/L IAA treatment. Thicker roots were observed with the addition of 9% sucrose compared with medium containing lower sucrose concentrations. Paclobutrazol and chlormequat had no effect on tuberization of formed roots but slightly increased the number of root. In in vivo rooting, soaking of regenerated shoot cuttings to 100 mg/L IBA for 15 to 60 minutes was found effective. Treatment of 0.1% IBA rooting powder and planting in rooting medium composred of vermiculite(1) : perlite(1) gave 100% rooting and survival.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.584-589
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• 2000

In order to inhibit rot of soybean sprouts, presoaking treatments of soybeans with various solutions were studied. Optimal soaking time was 20min and citric acid, chitosan, GFSE(Grapefruit seed extract) were more effective. Most of presoaking treatments decreased the rot ratio of soybeans considerably, and didn't decrease germination ratio of them compared to control. Particularly GFSE, chitosan and phosphate buffer were effective. Presoaking treatments besides ethanol showed increased weight and yield of soybean sprouts compared to control, and particularly chitosan treatment increased yield of 67%, weight of 6.9% and length of 9.5% of soybean sprouts compared to control. Presoaking treatments decreased total microbial count of soybeans and rot of soybean sprouts during cultivation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

We have studied specific properties of magnetic treated water as processing water will make different cookery form the case of piped tap water. The result is as follows; The magnetic treated water both from tap water and pure water became more alkaline than not-magnetic treated water in pH change. As time goes on, magnetic treated or not, pH reduced considerably in piped tap water and increased in pure water. The magnetic treated water showed higher hydration rate than piped tap water in hydration of dried food. According to time, difference of hydration between tap water group and magnetic-treatment water group became significantly. Surface tension of magnetic treated water was slightly lower than that of piped tap water. And it reduced considerably with time. The magnetic treated water showed significantly effective outflow of salt especially in initial phase of soaking in salt-in food.

• Journal of East-West Nursing Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to identify the contents, frequency of use, and the rationales of folk remedies frequently used for first aid at home for stomachache, vomiting, strain, food poisoning, vaginal bleeding, or wounds of snake or dog bite, or bee sting. As the method of the study, data were collected by conducting a questionnaire of 185 persons, who filled it out or who were interviewed from May to August in 1998. The collected data was analyzed by using frequency and the rationales for the contents of the folk remedies were described base on literatures. The results were as follows,. 1. The folk remedies for stomachache in frequency order were 'warming the abdomen', 'rubbing the abdomen with a hand', or 'pricking a finger to bleed', which have the rationals. 2. The folk remedies for vomiting in frequency order are 'drinking water of watery radish' and 'pricking a finger to bleed', which have the rationales. 3. The folk remedies for strain in frequency order are 'soaking the affected area into cold water or applying an ice pack' and 'after soaking jasmine in water, making a dough with flour, and then attaching it on the affected area', which have the rationales, Additionally, although the frequencies are low, 'drinking brewed Achyranthis Radix' and 'applying brewed leaves and stalks of Sambuci Cortex' have the rationales. 4. The folk remedies for food poisoning in frequency order are 'drinking black beans and licorice brewed together' and 'eating mung beans', which have the scientific grounds. 5. The folk remedies for bloody discharge in frequency order are 'drinking brewed lotus root' and 'eating boiled chicken stuffed with root of bell-flower'. However, 'drinking brewed Thujae orientalis Folium' has the rationales. 6. The folk remedy for snake bite wounds that has the scientific grounds is 'sucking blood by a person without hurt in the mouth'. However, quite a lot of people apply alum or soy paste, which has no rationales. 7. The folk remedies for the bee sting in frequency order are 'after removing the sting, applying soy paste or sauce' and 'applying saliva'. No rationales for 'applying saliva' have been found. 8. The folk remedy for the dog bite wound that has the rationales is 'applying juice of leaves or stalks of Xanthii Fructus'. However, 85% of surveyed people use remedies that have no scientific grounds, such as 'applying burnt dog hair mixed with (sesame) oil' and 'applying soy paste or sauce'. Various materials are used in folk remedies for first aid treatment as shown above. Some of the folk remedies have the rationales since their medicinal actions have been found. However, the medicinal actions of the majority have not been found, but only known that they are effective, Especially for the materials except botanical drugs, they are used without knowing the effects since their components and pharmacognosies have not been described in any literature. The results of this research may be used for materials to educate the surveyed people or to consult them. Accordingly, the folk remedies that have the rationales are required to continue to study to find out the effects.