• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제30권7호
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• pp.543-548
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• 1993

Stability and formation of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 (PMN) phase synthesized in Li2SO4-Na2SO4 molten salts have been investigated. And powder characteristics of PMN have been studied with a variation of processing parameters such as temperature, time, amount of the salts, and excess PbO. More ratio of Li2SO4 to Na2SO4 influences the percentage of perovskite phase due to the difference of the eutectic point of the salts, but does not influence the powder characteristics. The shape of PMN particles shows faceted morphology with bimodal distribution consisting with large and submicron parts. Particle size of PMN increased greatly with increasing soaking time or amount of salts rather than temperature. The addition of excess PbO resulted in round PMN crystallites without submicron particles. These results are discussed by XRD, SEM and thermal analyses.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.200-206
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• 1998

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of impurity level and fabrication processes on the strength, impact and fracture toughness of 7075, 7050 and 7175 aluminum alloy forgings. A specially processed 7175S-T74 aluminum forgings was superior to a conventionally processed 7075-T73, 7050-T74 and 7175-T74 aluminum forgings in both strength and toughness. The reduction of impurity level of iron and silicon has significantly diminished the size and volume fraction of second phase particles such as $Al_7Cu_2Fe$ and $Mg_2Si$. A further reduction of the amount of second phase particles has been observed by applying a special fabrication process. This phenomena result from the application of intermediate soaking at higher temperature and more sufficiant hot working temperature than that of a conventional processing.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.827-832
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• 1998

Soybeans(Hwangkeum Kong) were stored at 5$^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$ for 8 months to investigate the changes of the physicochemical properties. Less physicochemical changes were detected in the soybeans stored at 5$^{\circ}C$ than those stored at $25^{\circ}C$ and 35$^{\circ}C$. High temperature and long term storage caused a decrease in the nitrogen solubility index, whereas increases in acid value and organic acid content were detected. As the storage period was extended at high temperatues, the content of unsaturated fatty acids decreased, but the content of saturated fatty acids increased. Decoloration of soybeans was clearly recognized under high temperatures. The water soluble compoents such as total solids, nitrogen and reducing sugar during water-soaking at 2$0^{\circ}C$ for 16hrs were appreciably eluted from the soybeans stored for 8 months at high temperatures. The pH of the water extract slightly shifted to the acidic range.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2014

A high temperature dilatometer attached to a graphite furnace is built and used to study the sintering behavior of $B_4C$. Pristine and carbon doped $B_4C$ compacts are sintered at various soaking temperatures and their shrinkage profiles are detected simultaneously using the dilatometer. Carbon additions enhance the sinterability of $B_4C$ with sintering to more than 97% of the theoretical density, while pristine $B_4C$ compacts could not be sintered above 91% due to particle coarsening. The shrinkage profiles of $B_4C$ reveal that the effect of carbon on the sinterability of $B_4C$ can be seen mostly below $1950^{\circ}C$. The high temperature dilatometer delivers very useful information which is impossible to obtain with conventional furnaces.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
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• pp.1279-1280
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• 2008

A serious problem of the 21st century is the supply of energy resources. Reserves of fossil fuels are facing depletion: renewable energy resources must be developed in this era. Dye sensitized solar cells(DSC) have been very economical and easy method to convert solar energy to electricity. DSC can reach low costs in future outdoor power applications. However, to commercialize the DSC, there are still many shortages to overcome. When the DSC is commercialized in the near future, the productivity is an important factor. In the process of soaking in a dye, it usually takes 12${\sim}$24 hours. In this study, we varied the dye coloring temperature from 0$^{\circ}C$ to 60$^{\circ}C$. At the temperature of 40$^{\circ}C$, DSC cell showed the best performance. We also conducted the time variant experiment to reduce the manufacturing time. Counter electrode surface of DSC is deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under the conditions of Ar $2.8{\times}10^{-3}torr$, RF power of 120W and substrate temperature of 100$^{\circ}C$.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.950-956
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• 2006

A mathematical heat transfer model for the prediction of heat flux on the slab surface and temperature distribution in the slab has been developed by considering the thermal radiation in the furnace and transient conduction governing equations in the slab, respectively. The furnace is modeled as radiating medium with spatially varying temperature and constant absorption coefficient. The slab is moved with constant speed through non-firing, charging, preheating, heating, and soaking zones in the furnace. Radiative heat flux which is calculated from the radiative heat exchange within the furnace modeled using the FVM by considering the effect of furnace wall, slab, and combustion gases is applied as the boundary condition of the transient conduction equation of the slab. Heat transfer characteristics and temperature behavior of the slab is investigated by changing such parameters as absorption coefficient and emissivity of the slab. Comparison with the experimental work shows that the present heat transfer model works well for the prediction of thermal behavior of the slab in the reheating furnace.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2021

High-efficient HEV Engine cooling systems reflects variable coolant temperature because it can decrease the hydrodynamic frictional losses of lubricated engine parts in light duty conditions. In order to safely raise the operating temperature of passenger cars to a constant higher level, and thus optimize combustion and all accompanying factors, a new thermostat technology was developed : the electronically map-controlled thermostat. In this work, various crystalline plastics such as polyphthalamide (PPA) and polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) mixed with various glass fiber amounts were introduced into plastic fittings of automotive electronic controlled thermostat for the purpose of suppressing influx of coolant into the element and undesirable opening during hot soaking. Skirt was installed around element frame of automotive electronic controlled thermostat for improving thermal sensitivity in terms of response time, hysteresis and melting temperature. To validate the effectiveness and optimum shape of skirt, thermal sensitivity test and three-dimensional CFD simulation have been performed. As a consequence, important improvement in thermal sensitivity with less than 3℃ of maximum coolant temperature between opening and engine inlet was obtained.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.41-44
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• 1985

콩자반과 밥밑콩으로 사용되는 검정콩을 침지(浸漬)시킬 때 온도(溫度), 소금 및 설탕농도(濃度)가 흡수속도(吸水速度)에 미치는 영향이 대하여 조사(調査)하였다. 그 결과 침지온도(浸漬溫度)의 상승은 흡수속도(吸水速度)를 증가시켜 평형 수분 함량에 도달하는 시간(時間)을 감축시켰으며 일정수분함량(一定水分含量)에 도달하는데 필요한 시간과 온도와의 관계를 $Z=(t_1-t_2)/log(T_2/T_1)$로 표시할 때, $60^{\circ}C$를 중심(中心)으로 Z값이 변하여 $60^{\circ}C$ 이하에서의 온도 영향이 그 이상에서 보다 크게 작용함을 알 수 있었다. 침지액(浸漬液)의 당(糖)과 소금의 증가는 흡수속도(吸水速度)를 감소시킬 뿐만아니라 평형후의 무게도 약간 감소시키는 경향을 보였다. Z값을 농도의 변화로 표시할때 당(糖)은 25%에서, 소금은 16%에서 Z값의 전환점을 보여 주었다. 또한 침지시(浸漬時) 30%, 40% 및 50%의 수분함량에 도달하는 활성화 에너지는 각각 5734.3cal/mole, 6709.0cal/mole, 7235.7cal/mole로 도달하는 수분함량이 증가하면서 활성화 에너지로 증가함을 보였다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.643-648
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• 1996

현미를 투습, 투기성이 없는 플라스틱 적층 필름 4겹 포장재에 넣고 저장온도와 기간을 달리 하면서 수분홉수 특성 변화를 조사하였다. 저장 전 현미의 수분흡수 특성에서, 수분 확산계수는 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$에서 수침 하였을 때 각각 2.306 $\times$ $10^{-6}$($cm^2$/min), 4.091 $\times$ $10^{-6}$($cm^2$/min), 6.654 $\times$ $10^{-6}$($cm^2$/min)이었으며 그에 대한 활성화에너지는 10.3kca1/mole이었다. 저장 중 현미의 수분 확산 계수 값의 변화는 저장온도 3$0^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 저장온도의 상승과 저장기간의 경과에 따라 감소하였으나, 4$0^{\circ}C$ 저장의 경우는 저장 초기(저장 1개월)에 급격히 상승하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때, 투습, 투기성이 없는 포장재로 포장하여 저장할 때에도 현미의 수분흡수 속도(수침온도 3$0^{\circ}C$)는 저장온도(3$0^{\circ}C$ 까지 )가 높아짐에 따라서 그리고 저장기간의 경과함에 따라서 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 4$0^{\circ}C$ 이상에서 포장 저장시는 심한 열변성이 일어남을 알 수 있었다.수 있었다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2003

벼 육묘기간 중에 발생되는 벼 키다리병의 방제법을 확립하고자 최근에 육성된 벼 품종별 발병 정도와 시판되는 종자소독제의 방제효과를 조사하였으며 종자소독시 약액의 온도, 처리시간 및 약량에 따른 벼 키다리병 방제효과를 조사하였다. 품종별 벼 키다리병 발생정도를 조사한 결과 화영벼, 동진벼, 호안벼, 농호벼, 남평벼, 호진벼 6 품종이 저항성 품종으로, 그루벼, 소비벼, 오대벼, 주남벼, 삼천벼, 상주벼, 화봉벼 7 품종이 감수성 품종으로 분류되었다. 종자소독제별 벼 키다리병 방제효과에 있어서 prochloraz, fludioxonil, carpropamid+imidacloprid+fludioxonil 등은 높은 방제 효과를 보였으나 benomyl+thiram, thiophanatemethy+thiram, thiophanate-metyl+triflumizole등은 방제효과가 저조하였다. 종자소독당시 수온에 따른 벼 키다리병 방제가는 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 61% 이었으나 온도가 높아질수록 상승하여 $30\sim35^{\circ}C$에서는 벼 키다리병을 $95\sim98%$이상 방제할 수 있었다. 그러나 종자소독시간과 약량은 벼 키다리병 방제에 크게 영향을 미치지 않았다. 따라서 벼 키다리병을 효율적으로 방제하기 위해서는 저항성이 강한 벼 품종과 효과가 우수한 종자 소독제 선정 그리고 종자소독시 적정수온을 유지하는 것이 중요한 것으로 나타났다.