• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.339-346
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop an effective seed propagation method for Thalictrum rochebrunianum var. grandisepalum (H. Lev.) Nakai by analyzing seed dormancy types and germination characteristics. Seeds were collected between September to October at Gangwon province, and well-selected seeds were used while being dry-stored at 4±1℃. The seed size ranged 4.52 × 1.58 ㎜ and the weight of thousand seeds were 1,603.5 ± 0.02 ㎎. The moisture content was 7.2%. Seeds were achene type, and morphology characters showed an elliptical shape and rough texture, and light brown in color. Moist-chilling treatment was conducted for dormancy breaking because the seeds had an undeveloped embryo of liner type. The embryo had developed during a moist-chilling period, constantly, and fully developed in 10 weeks. Consequently, it seemed to be non-deep complex or intermediate complex type of morphophysiological dormancy, and embryo dormancy was broken by wet-chilling for 10 weeks. After 10 weeks of wet-chilling treatment, seed germination began. Germination percentage was higher in dark condition raher than light condition and recorded the maximum at 25℃ in the dark (16.3%). A pre-soaking treatment with a combined plant growth hormones promoted germination and shortened T₅₀. Specifically, seed germination of 84.5% was achieved by pre-soaking of seeds with a combined solution of 500 ㎎/L GA₃ and 10 ㎎/L kinetin for 24 h after a wet-chilling treatment for 10 weeks. Thus the effect of plant growth hormones coupled with chilling temperature on seed breaking dormancy provide asubsequent growth of seedlings for successful plantation.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-100
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• 2011

This study is to examine the PEG concentration, and drying humidity and drying periods of humidity-controlled drying(HCD) for conservation of waterlogged woods(Pinus densiflora S. et Z.), and dimension stability of HCD were compared with those of air-drying and vacuum freeze-drying(VFD). Dimension stability of vacuum freeze-drying was the most excellent, i.e., PEG crystal was uniformly distributed in woods. Increasing concentrations of PEG, dimension stability of HCD was increased and drying periods decreased. Dimension stability of HCD after the treatment with the high concentration(70%) of PEG soaking was similar to those of VFD after the treatment with the low concentration(40%) of PEG soaking. In conclusion, high concentration(about 70% in water) PEG solution was the most suitable as a pre-treatment for HCD of waterlogged woods. However, drying should be maintained with enough high humidity and longer period.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-17
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• 1963

1) An experiment was made at the newly constructed glass house of Chun chan Agriculture callege to find out facts about the late-raising of Cortinellus edodes (Berk) Ido et Imai during the winter season. 2) The host timbers used in this experiment were Quercus Serrata Thumb and Quercus crispulo BI.; 5 years old each, the diameter ranging from 6cm to 17cm, dividing them into 12 diameter groups with 10 timbers in each group. The total number of timbess was 240 in two blocks. 3) As the pre-treatment of host timber, the autumn generation in 1962 was inhibited, and before being put into the glass-house, they were stimulated of generation for 3 days after 3 days, water-soaking. 4) The temperature control was made by using two coal stoves and the humidity control by spraying and two full water tanks. During cloudy weather and night, the green house was covered to preserue constant temperature of $5^{\circ}C{\sim}10^{\circ}C$. 5) The result; Quercus Serrata Thumb. with lesser diameter than 9cm showed no generation either in as big timber as one with diameter 11 cm. On the other hand, too big timbers showed low rate of generation; the reason, at a guess, is the too short period of cultivation and insufficient water soaking and inappropriate temperature. 6) The most standard size of host timber was found out be those with diameter 12cm~15cm in Quercus serrata Thumb, and those with diameter 14cm~17cm in Quercus crispula BI. Quercus crispula seemed to have slightly greater efficiency of generation than Quercus Serrata Thumb., but it could not be concluded as "decisive". Lastly, the host timber used in this experiment were old and the rate of generation was low as a whole.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1010-1015
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• 1995

Extent of reduction in protein digestibility by Godulbaegi(lxeris sonchifolia H.) kimchi powder appeared to be related to the kimchi weight-to-protein weight ratio, the kind of protein sources, part of plants and fementation period. In vitro digestibilities of protein were significantly(p<0.05) reduced as the freeze dried kimchi powder weight-to-protein ration increased from 0.5 : 1.0 to 1.0 : 1.0 for all Godulbaegi samples and protein sources. Overall digestibility of protein sources in the presence of kimchi powder, the reduction ranked in the following order : soybean>casein>beef>squid. Lower(p<0.005) reduction occurred for each protein source when raw plant was exchanged for kimchi products. Some greater reduction of digestibility was noted in young plants and leaf samples than ripe or root samples. Trypsin inhibitor, which expressed as soybena trypsin inhibitor, was inversely related(r=0.8437) to in vitro protein digestibility of casein in the presence of Godulbaegi kimchi powder. More than three times of total polyphenols contained in leaves than in roots. Young leaves had 30% more total polyphenols(37.64mg/g sample) than that in ripe ones. Soaking in 5% NaCl solution for 24 hrs was markedly reduced in total polyphenols as 73% for leaves and 33% for roots. Remarkable reduction in total polyphenols was not checked during fermentation followed after soaking. Trypsin inhibitor content correlated well(r=0.8873) with total polyphenols in all of Godulbaegi samples.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.425-430
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• 2002

Physicochemical properties of chicken feet gelatin produced under acidic and alkaline conditions were investigated. Amino acid content of chicken feet gelatin was different from that of commercial gelatin due to the differences in raw materials and production process. Yield and hardness of chicken feet gelatin reached maximum at 24 h under acidic condition and at 1 week under alkaline condition, respectively. As the soaking period increased, viscosity and clarity increased under acidic condition, while decreased under alkaline condition. Color of the acid-treated chicken feet gelatin gel was more desirable than that of the alkali-treated on based upon L, a, b values. From gel permeation chromatography of the chicken feet gelatin, 12 subunits were detected. The amount of high molecular weight subunits, which is related to viscosity and hardness, of the alkali-treated chicken feet gelatin was twice as much as that of the acid-treated one.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.160-168
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• 2018

The seeds of Elaeocarpus serratus, a tropical underutilized fruit tree are characterized by hard seed coat and consequent poor water uptake and low germination. To improve the regeneration through seeds, various parameters such as viability of seeds, water uptake, and effect of seed mass on germination and pretreatments were performed using a completely randomized design (CRD). Tetrazolium (TZ) test was conducted using fresh, mature seeds revealed $50{\pm}2.56%$ mean viability. Seeds of different weight classes showed similar pattern of water uptake and the saturation level was achieved at 60 hrs of soaking. Seeds belong to weight class 2.6-3.5g were germinated ($12.5{\pm}1.26%$) with $175{\pm}1.75days$ (d) of mean time taken for germination (MTG). Germination capacity of seeds varied significantly among different populations and Varkala population gave $12.5{\pm}1.1%$ germination with $174.6{\pm}2.5d$ MTG. Among various seed treatments, mechanical scarification was superior in germination and significant reduction in MTG ($p{\leq}0.05$). The mechanical scarification by complete removal of seed coat resulted in $49.2{\pm}1.52%$ germination within a short period of time ($9.52{\pm}0.89d$ MTG). However, the complete removal of seed coat without damaging to embryo is a difficult task. An alternate treatment (Mechanical scarification II) by making cracks on nut faces vertically followed by soaking in distilled water for 24 hrs gave $48.4{\pm}1.73%$ germination with significantly reduced MTG ($12.14{\pm}0.56d$) over unsoaked, untreated control ($6.5{\pm}1.84%$ germination and $197.18{\pm}1.79d$ MTG; $p{\leq}0.05$). This treatment (Mechanical scarification II) is therefore recommended for E. serratus seeds as it can adopt easily and can achieve 7 fold increases in germination over control. The recorded germination through mechanical scarification is in tune with realized viability percentage of the seeds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.117-122
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• 1981

Mung bean sprout has been grown for 96 hours by soaking mung bean in such eight test divisions as Gibberellin 5-50ppm solution, well-water, and so on. Study on the charge of vitamin C an reducing sugar during its growth can be summarized as follows. 1. During the growth of mung bean sprout, the length and weight in the sample treated with Gibberellin 20ppm are highest of all Gibberellin divisions. 2. When mung bean sprout has grown for 24 hours, its vitamin C content reaches maximum in each sample. 3. There is little dehydro asscorbic acid in each sample during the growth period of 24-96 hours. 4. During the period of growth, the content of vitamin C in the sample treated with Gibberellin 5ppm are highest of all. 5. When mung bean sprout has been grown enough for cooking, in 48 hours, the content of vitamin C in the sample treated with Gibberellin 10ppm is highest but a significant difference is not recognized. 6. After 24 hours growth, vitamin C decreases but reducing sugar increases.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1993

Weathering of wood in a region of acid rain was performed by the test which thin veneers of Sitka spruce were exposed to outdoor weathering for a total of 18 weeks, with a daily soaking for 30 minutes in acidified water in the pH range 2~5.6. The weathering measured by weight loss and loss in maximum failure load in tension was accelerated by the increase in the acidity of acidified water and in the period of outdoor exposure. It was also shown that the weathering was accelerated even with low acidic conditions in the case of long exposure period, although the weathering was rapidly accelerated with high acidic conditions. When compared the degree of weight loss with that of loss in failure load by weathering, the latter was much greater. From the results of this research, it could be concluded that at pH 4.0 or below of precipitation, the acceleration of weathering of exterior wood would become serious problems, which would be caused deterioration in performance of exterior wood.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.878-882
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• 2008

The efficacy of citric acid-aqueous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) treatment of radish seeds artificially contaminated with Escherichia coli was studied. Radish seeds were inoculated with E. coli. Following inoculation, samples were stored at $4^{\circ}C$ and soaked in citric acid or aqueous $ClO_2$ for 10 min. The treatment of radish seeds using 200 ppm aqueous $ClO_2$ solution caused a 1.5 log CFU/g reduction in the population of E. coli. Compared to the aqueous $ClO_2$ treatment, soaking radish seeds in 2.0% citric acid solution for 10 min was more effective in reducing E. coli populations on radish seeds. The efficacy of spray application of chlorine (100 ppm) or 0.5% citric acid to eliminate E. coli during the germination and growth of radish was investigated. Radish seed inoculated with E. coli was treated for the duration of the growth period. Although it resulted in a decrease in the E. coli population, the spray application of 100 ppm chlorine during the growth period was not significantly effective. In contrast, the combined treatment of seeds using 200 ppm aqueous $ClO_2$ and treatment of sprouts with 0.5% citric acid solution during sprout growth was hardly effective in eliminating E. coli.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1989

The alkali solution consisting of 5% NaOH, 5% NaCl, 2% Tea is most suitable for making pidan. During the soaking period, the values of pH increased from pH 9.02~ 9.19 to pH 12 in the egg white and increased from PH 6.1 to PH 11.63 in the egg yolk. Quail's egg jelled on the 7th day of immersion and the hen's egg and duck's egg jelled on the 10th day of immersion. The Quail's egg ripened at $25^{\circ}C$ in 30~35 days, and Sunghua crystals were formed at the end of the ripening period The moisture content of pidans decreased by 3.5~4.0%, but relatively crude protein, crude fat and crude ash increased by 1.0%, 1.9% and twice respectively. The content of Ca in the hen's pidan and quail's pidan increased about 40%, that of K in the duck's pidan increased about 13% and that of Mg in the hen's pidan and duck's pidan increased about 23~28%. The content of Na in the 3 groups all increased approximately 7 times. The content of total cholesterol level in pidan yolks decreased by 21~40% in each pidan. As a result of a sensory evaluation, the white hen's pidan was most agreeable in flavor and the quail's pidan was most agreeable.