• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.556-565
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• 2004

Purpose: According to Lazarus & Folkman (1984), appraising a stressor as a threat is associated with negative psychological and physical adjustment, whereas appraising a stressor as a challenge is positive psychological and physical adjustment. This study examined how cognitive appraisal of PTCA(heart disease threat and treatment appraisal) related to the cardiac risk reduction behaviors(smoking cessation, low salt and low cholesterol diet, regular exercise and stress management) 6 weeks following discharge. Method: Data were collected from 50 subjects with successful primary PTCA. Result: Heart disease threat was negative related to treatment appraisal (r=-0.240, p=0.046). Psychological well-being was negative related to heart disease threat (r=-0.317, p=0.012) and positive related to treatment appraisal(r=0.402, p=0.002). The cardiac risk reduction behaviors score was negative related to heart disease threat(r= -0.296, p=0.018) and positive related to treatment appraisal(r=-0.291, p=0.020). Conclusion: More negative appraisal was related to lower the cardiac risk reduction behaviors score. But more positive appraisal was related to higher the cardiac risk reduction behaviors score. So, there is a need to develop the cognitive-behavioral intevention that increase the coping strategy to replace with positive appraisal.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.567-582
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of the Transtheoretical Model(TTM) for Korean nursing studies on health behaviors and identify the strategies for improvement of further studies. Methods: From a main and seven branch journals on the Korean Society of Nursing Science, a total of 26 studies, which had been conducted based upon the TTM, were selected. The selected studies were analyzed from the September of 2006 to the February of 2007 by the criteria; name of journal, year of publication, health behavior, population, sampling, sample size, research design, instrument (translation process, reliability and validity), and statistical analysis. Results: TTM on the Korean nursing studies was mainly applied for smoking cessation or exercise with elderly or middle aged women. The research findings could not be generalized with the limitation of the use of non representative samples. The most frequently used research design was a cross-sectional survey. Some studies had a lack of reliable and valid instruments, so that the internal validity of the study findings may be threatened. Statistically related problems increased type I error and decreased power. Conclusion: Korean nursing studies based on TTM can be the beginning stage in quality and quantity.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.50-61
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cardiac rehabilitation teaching program on knowledge level and compliance of health behavior for the patients with myocardial infarction. Method: The subjects were 47 patients 23 were assigned to the experimental group and 24 were for the control. The cardiac rehabilitation teaching program is a individualized teaching program which was delivered to the experimental group during hospitalization period by present researcher. Data were collected through questionnaire surveys for knowledge level and compliance of health behavior from September 15, 1999 to December 31, 2000. The collected data was analyzed by using the SAS program. Results: 1. With regard to the knowledge scores 1) The total knowledge level in the experimental group was significantly higher than in the control group. 2) As to the knowledge domains, nature of disease, risk factors, diet, medication, exercise, and daily activities were significantly higher in score in the experimental group than in the control group. 2. With regard to the compliance of health behavior 1) The average compliance with good health behavior was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. 2) As to the health behavior domains smoking cessation, diet, stress management, regular exercise, and other measures for lifestyle modification were significantly higher in score in the experimental group than in the control group. 3. The pre-treatment knowledge score was positively correlated to the post-treatment knowledge score and post- treatment knowledge score was positively correlated to the post-treatment compliance of health behaviors. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the cardiac rehabilitation teaching program for the experimental group was effective in increasing level of knowledge and improvement of compliance with good health behavior of patients with myocardial infarction.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.190-199
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the level of disease related knowledge, compliance of health behavior, and educational needs in relation to time (at discharge and 6 months after discharge) among patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: Data were collected from January 1, 2006 to September 30, 2006 and a total of 60 patients participated in the study. The survey was conducted in patients underwent PCI at the time of discharge right after discharge education was provided and at a follow up visit which was 6 months after discharge. Results: The level of disease related knowledge (p<.001), the compliance of health behavior (p<.001), educational need (p=.496), the sub-item of sexual life (p<.001), follow up (p<.001), diet (p=.021), stress (p<.001) in compliance of health behavior, and the sub-item of specific character of disease in educational needs (p=.015) were significantly different between discharge and 6 months after discharge. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that further education should be provided to the patients underwent PCI regarding medication, smoking cessation, daily life and exercise at a time of 6 months after discharge in order to increase patient compliance of health behavior.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.549-565
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• 2000

Comprehensive review of the literature was conducted to determine 1) selected risk factors and its impact that affect pregnancy outcome such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance abuse 2) these factors can facilitate future strategies for health promotion and prevention for both pregnant women and fetus. Review of literature were extracted from searching MEDLINE(1966 - Oct. 2000). CINAHL (1982 - Oct. 2000) and the domestic literature. The following factors were identified: 1. The effects of risk behaviors on pregnancy. ${\cdot}$Maternal smoking was associated with the occurrence of premature or LBW delivery, fetal growth retardation, extremities defects, heart defects and sudden infant death syndrome. ${\cdot}$Maternal alcohol consumption was associated with spontaneous abortion, premature or LBW delivery, morphologic/neurologic problems, especially fetal alcohol syndrome. ${\cdot}$Heroin was associated with withdrawal after birth in which were born to heroine addicts for gestational age and lung maturation in animal studies. ${\cdot}$Cocaine was associated with spontaneous abortion, abruptio placenta and a poor response to environmental stimuli. ${\cdot}$So far, the effects of caffeine on pregnancy was controversial, but severe caffeine consumption was associated with premature or LBW delivery, spontaneous abortion, still birth and dystocia. 2. Intervention methods and its effects identified were as follows ${\cdot}$Conducted intervention for smoking, alcohol and drug consumption were single or combined. ${\cdot}$Intervention methods were counseling, phone contact, mailing, use of educational videotape, booklet, support person and alternatives such as nicotine patch. ${\cdot}$The interventions increased the rates of smoking cessation during pregnancy and awareness of the risk of drug consumption, and decreased amount of alcohol consumption. ${\cdot}$The intervention outcome found positive effect on birth weight and length. 3. Our recommendations were as follows ${\cdot}$The personal and social cognition should be enhanced through education and the mass media. ${\cdot}$It's necessary to educate and give information of preconceptional care, planned pregnancy and early prenatal care for optimal pregnancy outcome. ${\cdot}$It's necessary to develop comprehensive assessment tool which is reliable and valid on smoking, alcohol consumption and substance abuse to identify supportive or interventional program.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to increase knowledge regarding the dangers associated with tobacco use, and decrease secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use behaviors with an antitobacco messaging campaign among rural, medically underserved, blue-collar workers. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was conducted with employees at two worksites. One worksite received the intervention, which consisted of nine different antitobacco messages. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted at each worksite to assess change in knowledge and behavior; the data were compared across the two worksites. Results: Two hundred twenty-two and 243 participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys at the intervention and comparison sites, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen over time between the worksites on knowledge of the dangers of tobacco (p < 0.0001); the mean knowledge score increased at the intervention site, but remained unchanged at the comparison site. In general, non-smokers at both worksites appeared to try to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke over the follow-up period. Repeated measures analysis indicated that there were no differences in motivation to quit (p = 0.81), interest in quitting (p = 0.40), thinking about quitting (p = 0.53), or several tobacco-use behaviors over time among smokers at the intervention and comparison worksites. There were slight increases over time in the proportion of smokers who do not allow smoking in their homes/vehicles at the intervention worksite, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Participants at the intervention worksite increased their knowledge regarding the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure. Among current tobacco users, the intervention appeared to increase family rules regarding secondhand smoke exposure in their homes and vehicles.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.403-412
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• 2021

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess oral health knowledge and behavior levels of community pharmacists as a step toward projecting them to play the role of oral health partners and to confirm pharmacists' willingness to participate in oral health education programs. Methods: t-test and one-way analysis of variance were performed to analyze the data, and correlation analysis was also performed. Results: The mean score for pharmacists' oral health knowledge was 7.29 out of 10. Of the 12 questions asked, the correct answer rate was highest for the question about the effect of smoking cessation on periodontal disease prevention; conversely, the correct answer rate was lowest for the question about the effect of taking medication for gingival infections on periodontal disease prevention. The mean score for pharmacists' oral health behavior was 2.97 out of 4 points. Of all oral health behaviors, brushing twice a day was the most practiced, whereas immediately visiting a dentist in case of an oral health issue was the least practiced. Pharmacists' oral health knowledge and behavior levels showed a weak positive correlation with their intention to participate in oral health education programs. Conclusions: Oral health education programs are necessary to improve community pharmacists' oral health knowledge and behavior.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was conducted to analyze health behavior and utilization of university health clinics by college and university students. Methods: There are 376 colleges and universities in Korea as of May 2007. Of them 243 (69.6%) run health clinics in their campuses. Twenty of them were selected and 1,754 students were surveyed by using self reporting questionnaires. The data collected were analyzed by SPSS ver. 12.0. Results: Out of 1,754 students 56.5% were in good health. Of the subjects 15.6% were cigarette smokers, 30% were non drinkers, 20.8% exercise regularly, 53.7% sleep for seven to eight hours a day, 48% had proper body weight (BMI) 20-25) and 20% had physical examination in the past two years. The scores of health practices were higher in male students than female students (P 0.05). Perception rates of university clinics were higher in female students than male students. (P 0.01). Many students have intention to use the clinics (P 0.01). On health promotion program 35.2% of the subjects used clinics for emergency service, 32.8% participated in drinking control program, 32.8% in smoking cessation program, 20.4% in immunization program and 19.2% in regular health screening program. Conclusions: Comprehensive data for health behavior and need of health promotion services by the students should be collected regularly in order to meet the needs of students and faculty members in higher education institutes. The university authorities should pay more attention on the activities of health clinics in order to promote health of the students.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.311-322
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• 2002

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test the physical and psychological-emotional status according to type of personality of female college student smokers and to provide baseline data for smoking cessation education programs for women. Method: The data were collected from May to June. 2002. The subjects were 119 female students who smoked. The data were analyzed using SPSS/PC. Results : The results are as follows 1. There were 91 (76.5%) A type and 28 (23.5%) B Type personality types, indicating that female student smokers were more frequently type A rather than type B. 2. Perceived health status by personality type indicated that those with type B ($27.71{\pm}4.67$) perceived higher health status than those with type A ($26.53{\pm}4.60$) but the result was not statistically significant (p = 237). 3. Perceived stress by personality type indicated that those with type B ($83.71{\pm}13.13$) perceived more stress than those with type A ($70.52{\pm}12.35$). 4. Differences between depression by personality type indicated that those with type B ($47.21{\pm}8.53$) perceived more stress than those with type A ($45.42{\pm}7.32$) but this was not statistically significant (p = .277). 5. There were significant negative correlations between perceived health status and stress (r=-0.300. p<0.004), depression and perceived health status (r=-.456. p<0.000). There was significant positive correlation between stress and depression (r= .700, p<0.000). 6. There was no significant difference between perceived health status, stress, or depression according to general characteristics. Conclusion: According to the results, researchers should continually identify women's smoking behavior included various physical and psychological variables related to women's health. In addition, programs for improving physical and psychological health should be designed and operated to decrease the perception of stress and to increase the perception of health motivation for women smokers.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing health promotion behaviors in elderly men. Methods : We used data from the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We analyzed difference between sociodemographic characters, health statuses, and health promotion behaviors by age. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relation between health promotion behaviors and sociodemographic factors by age. Results : Health promotion behaviors related to aging were weight control effort, health screen examination, smoking cessation, and influenza vaccination. Socioeconomic statuses of elderly men declined from the preliminary age, and health status was influenced by the reduction of social role. Health promotion behaviors such as weight control, health screen examination, and performance of aerobic activities were decreased in men of advanced aged. Conclusions : The health promotion behaviors of elderly men differed significantly with age.