• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2004

This study conducted descriptive literature review on adolescent smoking and the related factors to realize significance of adolescent smoking onset in Korea and to identify risk factors of smoking incidence. Korean adolescent smoking status was generated based on the cumulated data of the Korean Association of Smoking and Health. Risk factors of adolescent smoking were identified based on 18 studies written in English, with cross-sectional research design and published as a peer-reviewed journal article between 1994 and 2003. The results were as follows. 1. Korean adolescent smoking rate was the highest among OECD affiliated countries; in particular, male adolescent smoking incidence was very serious. 2. Risk factors related to smoking of adolescent population were personal factor, friend factor, family factor, and mass-media factor. Demographic characteristics, attitudes on smoking, and willingness of smoking, and health behaviors were selected as personal factor of smoking. 3. Best friends smoking was a strong factor of students' smoking set. Prevalent popularity of smoking in peer-group allowed students to feel free to smoking. 4. Concerning family factor related to smoking status, parents' smoking and sibling's smoking were significant indicators of adolescent smoking status. 5. Seeing smoking behaviors and scenes through films, TV shows, drama, and advertisement was a significant risk factor of adolescent smoking status.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2003

Purposes: The purposes of this descriptive correlational study were to assess knowledge and attitude toward smoking and smoking cessation counseling activity among nurses in a community, and to identify predictors of their smoking cessation counseling activity. Method: Nurses employed by institutions such as university hospital, hospital, clinic, and health department in a community were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Of the nurses invited to participate in this study, 760 (88.5%) responded with completed questionnaires. Results: Nurses had relatively positive attitude toward their roles and responsibilities about smoking cessation counseling activity. However, smoking cessation counseling activity was not a routine part of their nursing practice. Moreover, the level of engagement with smoking cessation counseling activity was significantly different by working place. Nurses who were working at the university hospital, hospital, and health department were more actively engaged with smoking cessation counseling activity than nurses who were working at the clinic. Smoking cessation counseling activity was significantly correlated with knowledge of smoking. attitudes toward smoking-related issues, and self-efficacy for smoking cessation counseling activity. In the final stepwise multiple regression, smoking cessation activity was predicted by the nurses' working place, attitudes toward smoking-related issues, and self-efficacy for counseling knowledge and skills. Conclusion: In conclusion, nurses need to participate routinely and actively in smoking cessation counseling activity. To help nurses counsel and intervene patients regarding smoking cessation more effectively, it is essential to integrate educational information on smoking cessation intervention into curriculums of nursing schools as well as to offer smoking cessation intervention as a continuing education program available for currently practicing nurses.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was done to identify attitudes to smoking, beliefs about smoking and factors influencing nicotine dependence in woman smokers. Methods: Data was collected from 131 women smokers, who visited a public health center between January and July. 2012. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. Results: Mean score for attitude to smoking was $23.7{\pm}3.2$, beliefs about smoking, $18.6{\pm}2.9$, and nicotine dependence, $4.3{\pm}2.1$. Attitude to smoking of the woman smokers was significantly different according to marital status, beliefs about smoking were significantly different according to marital status and being employed. Nicotine dependence was significantly different according to frequency of alcohol consumption, stress, number of cigarettes smoked. There was a correlation between attitude to smoking and beliefs about smoking. Age when starting to smoke, number of cigarettes, and length of time one has smoked accounted for 31.0% of nicotine dependence. Conclusion: The results indicate that increasing knowledge and improving attitudes toward smoking as well as training on stress management and exercise are needed. Also, a distinct mediation should be developed for women smokers. Especially, in-depth research is needed to identify psycho-social behavior-related variables for the health promotion of young women smokers.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to examine the factors related to the perceived peer smoking prevalence for adolescents. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire was administered to 352 students in a technical high school in Kangwon Province in May, 2002. The questions included in the questionnaire were concerned with the estimated number of smokers among ten students of the same grade in their school, the sociodemographic characteristics, the smoking-related behaviors and attitudes, and the smoking-related environments. All the students had their expiratory carbon monoxide level measured with EC50 Micro-Smokerlyzer? to verify their smoking status. Multiple regression analysis was applied for data analysis using Windows SPSS 11.5. Results: The former and current smokers overestimated the peer smoking prevalence. Multiple regression analysis for estimating the peer smoking prevalence for the male showed that the perceived smoking prevalence was higher in the female students than in the male students, higher in those students whose mothers had a higher educational level, who had smoked more frequently, who had more best friends smoking, and who had a higher actual smoking rate of the class. For estimating the peer smoking prevalence for the female, the perceived smoking prevalence was higher in the female students than in the male students, higher in those who smoked more frequently, whose five best friends smoked, who had higher actual smoking rate of the class, and who had smoking siblings. Conclusions: This study showed that a higher perceived peer smoking rate is related with their own smoking history and smoking frequency, the smoking related environment, and gender. Smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs need to focus on correcting the falsely perceived smoking prevalence.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2019

This study aimed to investigate the actual smoking status, knowledge of oral health related to smoking, and attitude toward smoking cessation in 161 health students of the University in Jeonnam. This was done to examine the role of smoking cessation guidance as health care professionals after graduation. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 18.0. The significance level was α=0.05. Of those surveyed, 33.3% had previously smoked, and 30.4% were current smokers. The high school period had the highest smoking rate, at 59.2%. A daily smoking rate of 20 or more cigarettes was the highest at 30.4%. Of the respondents, 68.3% had received smoking cessation, while 10.6% said that they were encouraged by others to quit, such as friends. As a result of a correlation analysis between major satisfaction, smoking-related oral health knowledge, and attitudes toward smoking cessation, major satisfaction showed a negative correlation(r=-.394, -.337^*) with smoking-related oral health knowledge and attitude towards smoking cessation. Smoking-related oral health knowledge showed a positive correlation(r=.546^**) with attitude towards smoking cessation. As a result of a regression analysis, the knowledge of oral health related to smoking was the primary variable that affected the attitude towards smoking cessation(t=6.799, p<0.001). Based on these results, it is suggested that education on smoking cessation and the risk of smoking is delivered so that health care workers can be better prepared and educated for their future roles.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 2021

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate dental hygienists' knowledge of smoking, attitudes toward tobacco cessation, and tobacco cessation education activities, which will serve as fundamental data for developing an effective tobacco cessation education program for dental hygienists. Methods: From 2020-08-17 to 2020-09-05, 184 dental hygienists working at dental clinics and hospitals in Gwangju and Jeollanam-do were surveyed. We performed t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and multiple regression analyses. Results: Dental hygienists' smoking-related knowledge, expert attitudes toward tobacco cessation, and tobacco cessation education activities were all high in tobacco cessation education (p<0.05). According to the analysis of the dental hygienists' knowledge of smoking, attitude toward smoking, and correlation of tobacco cessation education activities, there was a significant amount of correlation (p<0.01). According to the analysis of factors affecting dental hygienists' tobacco cessation education activities, expert attitudes towards tobacco cessation (𝛽=0.434, p<0.001), tobacco cessation materials (𝛽=0.160, p=0.009), experience in tobacco cessation education while attending school (𝛽=0.152, p=0.010), and attitudes toward tobacco cessation (p<0.05) were statistically significant. Conclusions: The results of this study are utilized as fundamental data to develop an effective tobacco cessation education program, factoring in dental hygienists' attitudes toward tobacco cessation.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing adolescent smoking behavior in the Seoul area. Method: A total of 6.352 middle and high school students living in the Gangnam district of Seoul participated in the study. A self report survey method was used to identify factors related to smoking. Result: A stepwise logistic regression analysis identified four factors associated with adolescent smoking: living with a parent who smokes (OR=1.4), having friend (s) who smoke (OR=14.8), negative attitudes toward passive smoking(OR=4.8), and ignorance of the impact of smoking on health(OR=4.6). Conclusion: Based on the study results, components of effective programs to reduce adolescent smoking rates should include programs to deal with peer pressure to smoke and to reduce the impact of parents who smoke, to increase knowledge of the impact of smoking, and to promote positive attitudes toward anti smoking.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.91-101
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• 2012

Objectives: This study examined the extent to which attitudes about smoke-free air policies (SFAPs) in bars/restaurants, workplaces, all public places, and motor vehicles when minors are present can be explained by individuals' sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, and beliefs about the health of others. Methods: Data were gathered from 359 individuals age 18 or older who attended the Lawrence County Fair in Indiana, United States, in July, 2009, an area where there were no SFAPs in place at the time of survey administration. Results: Multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that perceived severity of secondhand smoke (SHS) on others, perceived responsibility of smokers for the harm their SHS causes to others, and perceived susceptibility of others to SHS exposure, along with education level and smoking status, significantly predict opposition to SFAPs in this population. Conclusions: The results of this exploratory study suggest the need for additional research related to attitudes about health policies as well as to the practical applications of these findings for smoke-free air advocacy.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.107-118
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was done to identify the predictors of smoking in middle school boys'. A comprehensive analysis of individual, family and social environment-related factors was done. Method: The participants in this descriptive survey on causal relations were 318 students enrolled in middle schools who were selected by convenience sampling. The data collected from June to July 2003 were put in to logistic regression analysis to build a prediction model. Results: 1) Individual-related factors for smoking in middle school boys' were participation in drinking and deliilquent behavior 2) Family-related factors were ill-treatment physically of the types of ill-treatment and mother being unemployed. 3) Social environment/peer-related factors were friends' attitudes towards delinquency. Conclusion and Recommendations: The experience of smoking among Korean middle school boys was associated not only with individual factors, but also with family and social environmental factors. The findings of this study suggest that broad intervention program should be provided to prevent adolescent smoking. It is also recommended that a program be developed that can help control the variables identified in this study along with a follow up study to verify the model.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.35-49
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze variables associated with smoking and selected health behaviors. This study targeted adult men and women over 20 of age. The sample population was drawn from the national sample, and the samples were chosen from the telephone book. A total of 1,500 cases were collected through a telephone based interview survey. As a tool for this study, a structured questionnaire was developed. the variables included self-perceived health status, and selected 7 health behaviors; smoking behavior, physical activities, eating habit, weight control, alcohol consumption, stress management, and cancer exam. The healthy life practice actions of Trans-theoretical model have been classified into five stages. Smokers were more likely than non-smokers to positive attitudes toward smoking and the impact of smoking in this study. This means that smokers's awareness toward the impact of smoking is very week. Smoking behavior was significantly related to other health related behaviors based on the correlation analysis. However, gender, engaging in regular physical activities, moderate consumption of alcoholic beverages, and receiving a cancer examination were the variables that can explain and predict a person's stages of adopting a non-smoking behavior. Self perceived health status was closely related to other health behaviors. Gender, age, and monthly household income were important demographic variables that have significant relationship with the self-perceived health status. Among the health behaviors, regular physical activities and weight control were significant predictable variables. Similar results have been found in the National health and Nutrition examination survey in Korea. As a result of this study, it was found that among the selected health behaviors, engaging in physical activity was an important variable to increase positive sense of health and non-smoking behaviors. Educational and policy level input is needed to increase awareness and provide chances to participate in fitness activities. To those who maintain exercise, the environmental support and diffusion of knowledge information and education data should be strengthened. To change attitudes toward smoking, more in-dept awareness campaign and education should be provided according to people's different behavioral status. In addition, not only diffusing health education data and delivering knowledge information through related programs, but also environmental support system that helps an individual maintain his/her action is required. Such a support system means settlement of the health enhancement base of school, workplace and community should be carried out, and the policy level support and regular programs should be provided and spread to the unit of community.