• 제목/요약/키워드: Smoking experience

검색결과 469건 처리시간 0.026초

담배연기 노출량 평가 생체지표 (Biomarkers of Exposure for Cigarette Smoke)

  • 박철훈;신한재;이형석;유지혜;손형옥
    • 한국연초학회지
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    • 제31권1호
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    • pp.58-67
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    • 2009
  • Biomarkers could be critical and useful tools for assessing the biological effects of smoking and detecting differences between potentially reduced exposure product (PREP) and conventional cigarettes. Smoking-related biomarkers can be classified into three categories as biomarkers of exposure, biomarkers of effects, and biomarkers of potential harm. When compared with the biomarkers of effects or harm, the biomarkers of exposure for chemical constituents of cigarette smoke are well established and characterized. In addition, they could offer the important information in understanding how cigarette smoke interacts with biological molecules and causes the disease to human. Therefore, we provide an overview of 6 biomarkers of exposure (Nicotine and nicotine metabolites, Carboxyhaemoglobin, NNAL (4-(methylnitrosoamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol) and NNAL - glucuronide, 3-Hydroxypropyl-mercapturic acid, and Monohydroxy-butenyl-mercapturic acids, and Urine mutagenicity) which were validated through extensive research and clinical experience. These reliable biomarkers could help identify the efficacy of PREP by predicting early toxicological effects and lead to improve it.

니코틴 중독의 단서노출치료를 위한 가상환경의 제작 및 욕구 유발 실험 (Cue exposure system using Virtual Reality for nicotine craving)

  • 김광욱;조원근;구정훈;김훈;김병년;이장한;김인영;이종민;김선일
    • 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국감성과학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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    • pp.187-192
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    • 2002
  • Research has shown that many smokers experience an increase in the desire to smoke when exposed to smoking-related cues. Cue exposure treatment (CET) refers to the manualized, repeated exposure to smoking-related cues, aimed at the reducing cue reactivity by extinction. In this study, we constructed a virtual reality system for evoking a desire of nicotine, which was based on the results of a Questionnaire of Nicotine-craving. And we investigated the effectiveness of the virtual reality system as compared to classical device (pictures). As a result, we reached the conclusion that virtual reality elicits more craving symptoms than the classical devices.

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한국 청소년 폭음 영향 요인: 환경 변인 중심으로 (Factors Influencing Adolescent Binge Drinking: Focused on Environmental Variables)

  • 이진화;권민;남은정
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제35권3호
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    • pp.133-142
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of the environment on adolescent binge drinking. Methods: The study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Using statistics from the 17th (20201) Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, the raw data target population was 2,629,588 people, and the sample group used for analysis as the final data was 54,848 people. A Rao-scott 𝑥2 test and univariate multinomial logistic regression analysis were performed using IBM SPSS 27.0. Results: In the results of univariate logistic regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis, common related variables were gender, school level, academic achievement, sleep satisfaction, current smoking, daily smoking, and alcohol education experience. Conclusion: As a result of confirming the factors influencing binge drinking in Korean adolescents, some variables that increase the possibility of problematic drinking behavior in the socio-environmental areas such as individuals, communities, and national policies were identified. For effective prevention and intervention, it is necessary to develop programs to build a healthy environmental support system with support from national policies, including individuals, peer groups, and communities.

Health-Related Characteristics that Affect the Prevalence of Osteoporosis in Elderly Women

  • Yim, Eun-Sil;Lee, Kwang-Ok;Kim, Kyung-Ha
    • 동서간호학연구지
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    • 제16권2호
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    • pp.172-178
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: We examined the relationship between the health-related issues of elderly women and bone density and identified specific factors that affect the prevalence of osteoporosis to provide basic data for developing a health care program on osteoporosis prevention. Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of 118,903 66-yr-old women who received a health examination conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation in 2008. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors affecting the prevalence of osteoporosis. Results: The prevalence of osteoporosis was 46.8%, whereas the prevalence of osteopenia was 38.4% among elderly women in this study. Statistically significant differences were observed between the osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis group in terms of smoking (p<.001), exercise (p<.001), obesity (p<.001), waist circumference (p<.001), depression (p<.001), falling experience (p<.05), and the cognitive function risk (p<.05). Based on the multiple logistic regression results, the risk for osteoporosis was high in those who were under-weight, smoked, or were depressed. In contrast, moderate or high level obesity showed a negative relationship with osteoporosis. Conclusion: The prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis was 85.2%. Therefore, there is a need to develop health care programs pertaining to osteoporosis intervention and prevention for elderly women. Because smoking, non-exercise, and obesity are main osteoporosis risk factors, it is highly recommended that some sound practical life programs and psychological support programs be considered for this population.

Comparative Study on Needs Assessment of Health Education for Adolescences

  • Lee, Myung-Sun
    • Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.71-81
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    • 2001
  • This study was administered to analyze important needs for the health education among Chinese, Korean-Chinese adolescents in Gilin, China and Korean adolescents in Seoul, Korea. The data were collected from 400 chinese and 200 Korean-Chinese boys and girls of 3 high schools in Gilin, China and 396 boys and girls of 3 high schools in Seoul, Korea. The results were as follow: 1. The prevalence of smoking and drinking in Korean students was quite high among three groups. More than one third of Korean students had behaviors of smoking and drinking. Forty two point five percent of Korean students were sick during the past 4 weeks, but only 10.8% of Korean-Chinese students and 11.5% of Chinese students were sick during the past 4 weeks. More than 70% of Chinese and Korean-Chinese students had health concern, but only 22.7% of Korean students were interested in health status and education. 2. Korean-Chinese and Chinese students had higher health education needs than the Korean students. They were not interested in sex education. On the other hand, Korean students were interested in mental health and health habits. 3. Korean-Chinese students had more health education needs than Chinese or Korean adolescents and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 4. For the Chinese and Korean-Chinese students, the higher prevalence of drinking behavior, the higher needs of health education, and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). 5. The Chinese students tended to need health education after their illness experience, but the Korean students, the higher the self- rating health status, the higher health education need scores were(p<0.05).

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흡연습관이 성인 남성의 건강관련체력 및 동맥경직도에 미치는 영향 (Responses of Health Physical Fitness and Arterial Stiffness through Cigarette Smoking)

  • 정민경;박은경;유재현
    • 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.197-205
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    • 2019
  • 최근 몇 년간 흡연율이 감소했지만, 흡연은 여전히 전 세계적으로 조기사망과 건강상의 문제를 일으키는 주요 요인 중 하나이다. 장기간의 흡연은 대동맥의 경직도를 증가시키는데, 혈관이 경직되면 심장에서 발생한 전진 맥파와 말초에서 심장으로 돌아오는 반사파의 속도가 빨라져서 반사파가 중심동맥에 일찍 도착하여 중심동맥의 수축기 맥압이 증가하게 되고 수축기 혈압이 상승하게 된다. 본 연구는 남성 흡연자와 비흡연자를 대상으로 심폐기능을 포함한 건강관련체력과 동맥경직도를 반영하는 파형증대지수와 맥파전달속도의 차이를 검증하고, 흡연자의 운동전 흡연습관에 따른 심폐기능과 동맥경직도에 미치는 반응을 비교하기 위하여 시행되었다. 연구 대상은 심폐질환이 없는 만 20세 이상 29세 이하 남성으로, 만 5년 이상 흡연한 흡연자 12명과 흡연 경험이 없는 비흡연자 12명으로 총 24명을 대상으로 하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 젊은 성인들의 흡연습관은 동맥의 경직도를 예측할 수 있는 파형증가 지수와 맥파전달속도에는 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 운동 참여 전 흡연에 따른 혈역학 반응과 동맥경직도에서도 두 집단 간 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다. 하지만 생존율의 예언지표인 최대 산소섭취량은 흡연자가 비흡연자에 비해 유의하게 낮게 나타났다. 이는 흡연습관이 혈관의 노화가 일어나지 않은 젊은 성인에게는 동맥 경직도의 변화를 일으킬 만큼 영향을 주지는 않지만 인체의 산소 운반능력을 감소시켜 심폐기능의 저하가 진행되고 있음을 의미하는 것으로 판단된다.

2008~2014년까지 청소년건강행태 온라인조사를 활용하여 흡연·음주·약물사용이 청소년 자살생각에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Smoking, Drinking and Drug use on the Adolescent's Suicidal Ideation by using the Data of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey through from 2008 to 2014)

  • 전해성
    • 한국학교보건학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.99-110
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    • 2015
  • Purpose: This study aims to investigate the association between suicidal thoughts and the co-occurrence of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use among adolescents. Methods: This study used the data of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2008 through 2014. The subjects of this study were 517,866 students, in total (Male 266,500, Female 251,366). Frequency analysis was conducted on the data about the subjects' general characteristics and their experience of smoking, drinking, and drug use. The relationship between suicidal thoughts and the co-occurrence of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use was analyzed through ${\chi}^2-test$ and logistic regression. The analyses were done using SAS 9.4. Results: According to the study, adolescents who used alcohol, cigarettes, and drugs at the same time engaged in suicidal ideation 3.69 times more than their peers who didn't use such substances (95% CI: 3.40~4.00, p<.001). Also, adolescents who used only tobacco, only alcohol, and only drugs engaged in suicidal ideation 1.49 times (95% CI: 1.43~1.56, p<.001), 1.28 times (95% CI: 1.26~1.31, p<.001) and 2.34 times (95% CI: 2.04~2.69, p<.001) more than the students who didn't use any substances, respectively. Conclusion: Adolescents' suicidal ideation and the co-occurrence of alcohol, tobacco, and drug use had a statistically significant relationship.

청소년의 성관계 경험 관련요인 (Sexual Intercourse Related Factors of Adolescents)

  • 김종근
    • 대한통합의학회지
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    • 제9권1호
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    • pp.59-67
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    • 2021
  • Purpose : This study examined the factors related to sexual intercourse among adolescents in South Korea. Methods : The study sample was comprised of 65,528 middle and high school students aged 12 to 18 years in 2016. For this study, using the data from the 12th Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey, a chi-squared test, and hierarchical logistic regression analysis we reconducted with the SPSS 22.0 program considering personal, family, school, and regional characteristics. Results : The proportion of adolescents who had sexual intercourse was 6.0 % of boys and 2.7 % of girls, and 6.3 % of high school students and 2.4 % of middle school students. The statistically significant related factors of sexual intercourse were gender, grade, attempted suicide, ever drinking, ever smoking, habitual or purposeful drug use, weekly allowance, and coed school in the final model 4. Adolescents with suicide attempts had 2.49 times more sexual intercourse than adolescents with no experience of suicide attempts. Compared to adolescents without alcohol, smoking, and habitual drug use, those who have experienced alcohol, smoking, habitual or purposeful drug use were 2.22 times, 3.76 times, and 3.39 times more likely to have had sexual intercourse, respectively. Adolescents with a weekly allowance of more than 100,000 won per week and adolescents in coed schools were 2.84 times and 1.40 times more likely to have had sexual intercourse, respectively. Conclusion : Multi-level interventions should be considered in school sexual education programs while considering the substantiality of sex education and the actual adolescents' needs. In addition, sexual health interventions in cyberspace for high-risk groups may be needed to consider the emotional and mental characteristics, given the factors related to sexual intercourse in adolescents.

마리화나 남용환자의 역동적인 발달요인과 문제해결 (Dynamic Developmental Factors and their Problem Solving of Patients that Abuse Marihuana)

  • 원정숙
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제4권3호
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 1974
  • This study was made on patients who were Hospitalized due to sickness caused by the abuse of marihuana at the Psychiatric Section of a hospital during the period from Feb. to Oct., 1974. The following conclusion was obtained by reviewing the literature with respect to the nursing, and problem solving of those patients. 1. It appears that marihuana is a comparatively mild intoxicant in ordinary preparation without causing physical dependence or tolerance. 2. According to the status of men who are marihuana smokers, approximately 20% of them were college students, those preparing to retake college entrance examinations, non-employed and pharmacists. The men belong mostly to the middle foreigner′s mistress of higher, income bracket, and in the case of women, most of the smokers were US. servicemen entertainers. 3. Dynamic developmental factors: Case 1. : The patient had a characteristic, hysterical and emotionally unitable character, and was of low intelligence, In addition, to this already existing problem, the added uses of marihuana caused a mental illness to develope. Case 2 : The character, was reserved and introspective, her creative power and sentiment was fading and his ability of self-control was weakened. She used the smoking of marihuana to get rid of her own feeling of inferiority complex and tensions coming from interpersonal relationships. Case 3 : The patient was unconditionally resistive to the authoritativeness of superiors and irresponsible in his relationship with women, in his attitude concerning sex in general. He smoked marihuana because he felt become peace-loving and get enchanted experience through smoking it. 4. The points of issue appearing from the above case; (1) Movement of anti-social feelings against the "established system" by the youngsters. (2) Family problem. (3) Shamelessness, loss of motivation, disorderly attitude toward the sex, (4) Worries concerning the future. (5) Lack of knowledge concerning smoking of cigarette and marihuana. Chronic use of marihuana made, those youngman who had originally been ambitions to achieve something in life, lazy, inefficient, unable to make long-term plans, are such weak mined persons that they did not try to overcome problems when encountered. This will pose a great and important question in the mental health of the society, 5. Treatment and Problem sieving According to the literature, we will have to place importance upon hospitalized treatment The phases of treatment were divided into five parts. (1) Prehospital phase (2) Withdrawal Phase (3) Rehabilitation phase (4) Transitional phase (5) After-care phase The experiments have proved that there was much progress in the recovery of patients through environment therapy, supportive therapy and group psychotherapy. This was the above mentioned 5 phases of treating process in accordance with the weekly schedule of the hospital. It was thought that the patients would require prolonged after care management even after they were released from the hospital and that they will also require periodic visit, to the hospital and doctor′s interview with their family. In conclusion, the question of the young generation and marihuana smoking is becoming a great social problem in which their resistances to the "established system" and society is growing in the from of antiestablishment movements. In our country, the smoking of marihuana is gradually developing, therefore, I think, that it would be a very fortunate thing for us, if this report could be helpful for the motivation of further study on the questions of the young generation and its problems.

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한국 제칠일 안식일 예수 재림교인과 일반인의 건강행동 비교연구 (Comparison of Health Behaviors Patterns between Korean Seventh-Day Adventists and the General Korean Population)

  • 임종민;장주동;이무식
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제17권7호
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    • pp.656-665
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    • 2016
  • 연구목적: 이 연구는 한국의 재림교인과 일반 인구집단간의 생활습관 및 건강행동 비교 분석 연구를 통하여 특성과 관련요인들을 도출하고자 실시하였다. 연구방법: 수도권 지역 만 20세 이상 재림교인 878명과 제4기 2차년도 국민건강영양 조사자료 중에서 수도권 지역 만 20세 이상 3,000명을 대상으로 건강행태와 관련된 건강검진, 흡연, 음주, 신체활동, 주관적 스트레스, 체중관리, 구강건강 관련 항목의 비교는 카이제곱 검정을 사용하였으며, 건강행동에 기여요인을 확인하기 위해 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과: 건강검진율은 재림교인이 일반 인구집단보다 높게 나타났으며(p<0.001), 재림교인은 연령이 낮은 20-30대에서 검진율이 낮게 나타났다(p<0.001). 평생 흡연 경험율 및 현재 흡연율에서 재림교인이 일반 인구집단보다 현저하게 낮게 나타났으며(p<0.001), 재림교인 중 과거 흡연자의 금연 성공율은 매우 높게 나타났다. 음주율에서는 재림교인이 일반 인구집단보다 현저하게 낮게 나타났으며, 재림교인은 신앙기간이 짧을수록 음주를 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.001), 남자가 여자보다 음주율이 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 중등도 신체활동 및 걷기 운동에서 재림교인은 일반 인구집단보다 실천율이 높게 나타났으며, 재림교인들의 남자가 여자보다 중등도 신체활동은 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.001). 결론: 이상에서 나타난 재림교인들의 건강생활습관에서 흡연 및 음주 등에서는 일반 인구집단에 보다 탁월하게 건강생활을 실천하고 있어 추후 보다 심층적인 추적관찰 연구 등이 필요해 보인다.