• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.3 s.43
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• pp.359-370
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• 1993

To identify the smoking status and its related factors in middle and high school boys in Kwanju a study was performed from 15th to loth of June 1992. Population were selected by two-stage stratified random sampling method and total 3,959 students replied to the self-administered questionnaire survey (1,574 in middle school, 1,664 in academic high school, 712 in business high school). The results were as follows ; 1. The proportion of current smokers was 1.5% in middle schools and 20.1% in high schools. And the smoking rates increased with school grade years (p<0.01). 2. For the motivation of smoking, curiosity was the most frequent factor and the next was temptation by friends. 3. The most common situation on the first experience of smoking was that middle school boys smoked a cigarette which was found in a house, through curiosity, with friends, at home. High school boys smoked a cigarette taken from friends, through curiosity, with friend, on the road or at home. 4. The proportion of smokers who smoke a cigarette regularly was 34.8% among smokers in middle school and 70.2% among smokers in high school. The most proportion of duration of smoking was less than 1 month among middle school boys (20.8%) and more than 2 years among high school boys (43.9%). The first smoking experience was in elementary school among middle school boys and the third grade of middle school in high school students. Most current smokers (73.9% in middle school boys, 65.3% in high school boys) wanted to quit smoking. 5. Smokers had significant association with intimate friend's smoking, mother's and brother's smoking, inharmonious friendships, dissatisfied with home and school life, lower school grades, generous attitude to other smokers, lack of knowledge to passive smoking and no contact to mass media (TV) (p<0.01).

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.193-205
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of the socio-demographic characteristics, self-recognition factors, and health behavior factors of Korean adolescents on suicide dimension, and grasp the effects of suicide thinking of adolescents on attempting suicide. This study used the eighth primitive data of the "Web-based Survey on Adolescents Health Behavior(2012)", and targeted 72,228 actual test respondent(93.8%). In conclusion, risk factors that greatly influence the suicide dimension of adolescents can be summarized into level of happiness, level of stress, depression, experience drinking, experience smoking, experience with drugs, suicide thinking, etc. and considering these risk factors, a preparation for preventing adolescents' suicide should be established, and along with a regular education, developing and expanding a treatment program for preventing recurrence afterwards of adolescents who have experience attempting suicide are necessary.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.42-65
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• 1992

A survey was made of 976 students who were selected among students of 5 middle schools at Taegu so that it could furnish basic knowledge about sex education of adolescents by analyzing students recognition of sex, acquaintance with the opposite-sex, sex-education, The survery took a month from Nov. 1, to Nov 30, 1991. The results of this study are summarized as follows. 1. The general characteristics of the surveyed students. The survey consisted of 332 boys middle school student & 325 girls middle school students, 157 male & 162 female students of coeducational middle schools. 32.9% of them were from the first grade, 33.2% from the second grade & 33.9% from the third grade. 35.7% of them believed in Buddhism, 19% Christianism and the mode of their living standard, 86.7%, fell on 34.7% of their parents engaged in commerce and they were followed by salary man and public officals, 93.1 % of the students, parents were alive. 44.9% of their fathers were graduates of high school and 42.2% of their mothers middle school. 2. Sexual maturity 89.1 % of the surveyed girls had experienced menstruation. The mode of first menstruation, 48.2%, was at the age of 13 and the mean of it was 12.9, 3.7% the surveyed boys had exprienced a wet drem before. The mode of the first wet dream, 40.0%, was at the age of 14 and the mean was 13.4. 21.3% of surveyed students had the experience of masturbation but the number of girls fell far short of that boys. The mode of the first masturbation, 37.0%, was at the age of 14 and the mean was 13.4. 3. The acquaintance and sexual relations with the opposite sex 1) Analyzing the students actual conditions with the opposite, I found out that 52.3% of them wanted to have any kind of relations with the opposite and that 30.25 had already had some kind of relations. 73.2% of the students having relations with the opposite thought the other sex merely as a friend and the number of students who were thinking that way was distributed evenly among schools. 28.8% of the students had got acquainted with the other sex through their frieds and there were not much difference between boys and girls in the method of getting acquainated with the opposite. About 35.2% of the students having relations with the opposite came from the third grade. 47.8% of them answered that the meeting place was not fixed and 26.4% answered that they were meeting their parthers outdoors. 60.7% replyed that they were not disturbed in their studies by the relations with the other sex. 2) Most of the students 79.4%, answered that they had never had sexual relations and 16.3% of the rest said that thery were expressing their feelings by grasping each other's hand. 3) 16.6% of the surveyed students asid that they had the exprience of smoking, 1.1 % of an illusion caused by inhaling chemical addhesives, 44.0% of drinking and 41.4% of warching pornographic films. 4. The knowledge and attitude about the sex 1) The distribution and analysis according to schools and grades : 64.8% of the surveyed students answered correctly to the questions about mensturation, 49.3 % did so about wet dreams, 94.3 % did so about conception, 60.6% did so about child birth, 73.9% did so about AIDS and 50.1 % did so about sexual diseases. Roughly speaking, they had not much knowledge of sexual diseases. 2) The recognition of sex according to schools and grades : 39.0% of the students said that they had worries about sex. 33.1 % of what they worried was concerned with their bodies and 26.8% was about the acqaintance and relationship with the opposite sex. The girls were much more concerned about the former and the boys the latter. 51.1 % of the students asid that they had no specific opinion of masturbation but 19.2% said that's alright if self-restrained. About the sexual intercourse before marriage, 75.7% said negatively. 5. The need for sex education most of the students, 99.4% said they needed sex education and there was not much difference in that thought among schools. And 49.7% answered that schools, families, and societies were equlally important in sex education. About half of the students, exactly 50.2%. considered it as the main reason of sex education to prevent accidents cauesd by ignorance of sex. 81.4% said that they had had some kind of sex education. Most of the educations, 87.0%, had taken place at schools but 5.2% said they were getting most of the knowledge about sex from therir friednds, juniors and seniors. 59.5% of the students who had ever had a sex education said "Just so, so" when asked of the level of their contentment but the number of students who said "satisfied" was only a few, 16.1 %. 20.7% of the survered answered that thery wanted sex education to be made in the course of home life, and 26.6 % of the students most wanted to know about the acquaintance and relationship with the oppostie sex, 29.0% preferred nurse teachers as proper councellors of sex education. The mode of their present councellors, 42.0%, was friends but only 7.6% answered they dicussed with teachers. 6. The correlation analysis between general characteristcs and sexual behaviors of the surveyed students revealed that sex had a signigicant(P<0.001) positive correlation with parents' love toward students(P<0.01), the experience of masturbation, smoking, an illusion caused by inhaling chemical adhesives and the experience of watching pornographic films. And the standard of living had a significant(P<0.01) positive correlation(P<0.01) with grade point average, parents' existence(P<0.01) and parents' love, but a significant(P<0.01) negative correlation with sexual worries. grade point average had a significant(P<0.01)negative correlation with the experience of an illusion caused by chemical adhesives(P<0.01) and smoking. Parents' existence had significant(P<0.01) positive correlations with parents' love and smoking but a significant(P<0.01) negative correlation with the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives. There was a significant(P<0.01) negative correlations between parents' love and the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives, and a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation among masturbation and sexual worries, smoking, an illusion by chemical adhesives and the experience of watching pornographic films. There was a significant(P<0.001) positive correlation among acquaintance with the opposite sex, smoking, the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. Sexual worries had significant(P<0.01) positive correlations with smoking, the experience of an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. smoking had a significant positive correlation with drinking the experirence of, an illusion by chemical adhesives and watching pornographic films. Finally, there was a significant(P<0.01) positive correlation between the drinking experience and the illusion experience by chemical adhesives. According to the results mentioned above, the fact is certain that there is a great need for sex education of adolescents. Therefore, it is desirable that the schools teach sexual physiology and normal positively and that sex education including hygien education be an independant course in the curriculums. Furthermore, it is essential that the schools should have enough nurse teachers to take up sex education, expand training opportunities for them and that they develop educational materials. Considering the unbalance of the level of sex educations between boys and girls, I want to suggest that all boys and girls have sex education evenly and lead happy lives by correction irrational thought about sex, that is to say, sex discrimination, Sex education programs, especially of middle school students, should be reexamined if it is to give the students effective and profitable knowledge about sex. In addition, the government should establish a policy of adolescents' sex education to have healthy opinions of sex settled nationwide.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-274
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to identify the level of spirituality in student nurses and to provide baseline data to develop a spirituality development education program. Method: The participants were 499 students in departments of nursing in 5 universities in Busan. The data were collected between June 7 and July 18, 2002. The instrument was used Howden's spirituality assessment scale. Collected data were analyzed with frequencies, percentages, $Means{\pm}SD$, t-test F-test, Scheffe test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The SPSS program was used. Results: 1) The mean score for spirituality was $101.14{\pm}8.70$ (range 26-130). 2) The mean score for perceived health state was $3.42{\pm}0.80$. 3) Spirituality according to general characteristics showed significant differences for sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home. 4) Spirituality according to religious characteristics showed significant differences for influence of religion, necessity of religion, help from religion, subjectivity of God in life, reading religious books, participation in religion ceremonies. 5) There was a significant positive correlation between perceived health state and spirituality. Conclusion: The spirituality of the student nurses was high and differed according to sex, religion, practice experience, smoking, drinking, and climate of home, religious characteristics, spirituality, and perceived health status.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the health behaviors related to reproductive health, reproductive health history, and sexual behaviors of college students in local areas. Method: With a survey design, 792 college students from C and D areas were recruited to assess health behaviors such as smoking and alcohol drinking, as well as history of reproductive health and sexual behaviors. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from November to December, 2007. Result: Mean age of the students was 20.8(SD=1.96) and gender distribution was 29.2% for male and 70.8% for female. Unhealthy behaviors were alcohol drinking, smoking, excessive weight loss, and irregular exercise; unsafe sex practices were experience of sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners and history of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Male students had more alcohol drinking (p=.04), smoking(p<.001), excessive weight loss(p=.01), experience of sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners(p<.001), history of STD(p=.025) compared to females. On the other hands, female students participated in regular exercise less than males(p<.001). Conclusion: College students seem to perform unhealthy behaviors related to reproductive health and less effective way of safe sex practices. Therefore, a planned education program for reproductive health promotion operated by college level is needed to assess and improve the level of reproductive health in college students.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.299-309
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between sexual intercourse and experience of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs use among adolescents in South Korea. Methods: This study used the data of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey from 2010 through 2014. The subjects of this study were 367,562 students (Male 187,610, Female 179,952). The subjects' general characteristics and their sexual experiences according to their general characteristics were analyzed using frequency analysis. The relationship between sexual intercourse and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs was analyzed through multiple logistic regression. The analyses were conducted using SPSS 18.0. Results: According to the study, the significant predictors of sexual intercourse were gender, grade, parents' educational level, residence type, economic status, and substance abuse. Adolescents who had used alcohol, tobacco, and drugs were more likely to have had sexual intercourse than their peers who hadn't use the substances. Conclusion: The results suggest that factors that increase the risk of having premature sex should be managed and prevented systematically. Among the factors, in particular, drinking, smoking, and drug use require intensive management.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.113-128
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine the prevalence and correlates of three types of risk-taking behavior among high school students in Korea in a cross-sectional national sample. A sample of 636 male and 622 female high school students is analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Three types of risk-taking behavior are examined: drinking alcohol, smoking, and premarital sex. The results are as follows: Forty-three percent of students in the sample have ever drunk alcohol, 32% have ever smoked, 11% have experience premarital sex. Risk-taking behavior is more prevalent among boys than among girls. Boys and girls in Seoul are much more likely to have experienced three types of risk-taking behavior. Not having two parents in the family and having lived away from immediate family increase the likelihood of some risk-taking behavior. Students who have a friend with premarital sexual experience are much more likely to have experienced premarital sex themselves. Among sexually active students, having multiple sexual partners is common and prevalence of condom use is low. Reproductive health education at school has no effect on students' sexual behavior. The prevalence of risk-taking behavior among adolescent in Korea is likely to rise in the future. Substantial proportion of adolescents are exposed to the risks of STDs and substantial proportion of adolescent girls risk premarital pregnancy. Current health education programs are inadequate in protecting students from risk-taking behavior. Students whose families do not include both parents and students who live away from their immediate families need special programs to protect them from risk-taking behavior.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.763-771
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between periodontitis and health behavior in women aged ≥40 years. In addition, related factors were compared according to the presence or absence of cardiovascular disease. Methods: Data from the 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016-2018) were used. The study included 3,801 women aged 40-79 years, who participated in a questionnaire health survey related to hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, and angina pectoris, as well as completed blood tests, anthropometry, and oral examination. Statistical analyses were performed using complex sample general linear, complex sample crosstabs, and complex sample logistic regression analyses. Results: In all subjects, smoking and drinking, use of interdental care products, and dental checkups were confirmed to be significantly related to periodontitis. In the group with cardiovascular disease, the use of interdental care products, experience in dental checkups, and toothbrushing more than three times a day were confirmed as significant factors for lowering the prevalence of periodontitis. In the group without cardiovascular disease, smoking and drinking, use of interdental care products, and experience in dental checkups were confirmed as the significant factors. Conclusions: To improve the periodontal health of women over 40 years of age with cardiovascular disease, a health education program including self-care methods for proper dental plaque management and regular dental checkups are critical. Additionally, awareness of the risks of smoking and drinking would be helpful even for women without cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.61-72
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• 1995

To investigate the rate of smoking of 6th year grade students of elementary School by general characteristics in rural and small sized urban area, the survey was conducted during the period of Feb. 1, 1994 to Fed. 28, 1994 to 778 respondents of sixth year students of elementary school in rural area and 649 students in the small sized urban area, and also it was based on the questionnaire method. The sample consisted of 22 questions for general features of the respondents and 19 questions of smoking-ideas, totally 41 questions, which were related to the general features and the smoking oriented-factors, the real smoking fact of students, their ideas on smoking influences, and these questionnaires were statistically analysed by percentage and ${\chi}^2$-test. The results are as follows : The total respondents were 1427 students. 54.5% of respondents was of the farming, fishing area-students and 45.5% was of small, medium-sized city. Talking about the statistics of smoking, the present smoking boy-students in the farming, fishing area was marked to 14.6% ; the present smoking-boy students was marked 5.7% in the small, medium sized-city. From the viewpoint of smoking experience, 13.8% of students in farming, fishing area was shown to be experienced ; 9.7% of students in the small, medium sized-city was shown to be experienced. This indicated that there were significant difference of p<0.01 between two compared areas. From the viewpoint of family scale, in the family with many brothers, the younger brothers have a higher rate of p<0.001 of smoking-oriented than elder brother, and the students with a single parent or without parents have a higher rate of smoking on. In addition, the motivation of their smoking indicated that they had the most curiosity in smoking. From the viewpoint of academic grade, the low-level group has a higher smoking rate. Talking about the smoking knowledge of students, the present smoking students has less ideas about the smoking influences the than non-smoking students. More than 70% of the smoking-student group agreed that the education on the smoking influences was required to the elementary school students.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.497-506
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• 2009

This study was conducted to estimate the dental caries experience, oral hygiene status and the factors influencing the dental disease in the smoking adolescents and to provide the baseline data for managing smokers efficiently. We recruited 156 smokers(male: 106, female: 50) in middle, high school students in 5 day Non-smoking program in seoul city and 176 non-smokers(male: 64, female: 112) by matching method for considering sex and age from June 1 to August 31 2009. Data on general characteristics, basic oral health care, smoking factors, self-efficiency, control of oral health, oral health promotion behavior, knowledge of oral health were collected by a questionnaire interview. DMFT index, DT index, MT index, FT index, Plaque index, Calculus index were calculated by the oral examination. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Dental clinic visit(p < 0.05), self-perception of oral health status(p < 0.001), oral health concern (p < 0.01) in non-smoker group were significantly higher than that of smoker group. 2. self-efficiency(p<0.05), oral health promotion behavior(p < 0.05) in non-smoker group were significantly higher than that of smoker group. 3. DT index, Plaque index, Calculus index in non-smoker group was significantly lower than that of smoker group(p < 0.0001). 4. The fewer smoke amount, the lower DT index(p < 0.05), Plaque index(p < 0.01), Calculus index(p < 0.001). 5. It was significant correlated among DT index and self-efficiency, oral health promotion behavior, control of oral health. 6. In multiple regression analysis, oral health promotion behavior, Plaque index was proved as a significant factors related with the degree of dental caries experience in smoking adolescents. In other word, the higher oral health promotion behavior, the lower Plaque index, the fewer DT index.