• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.11-27
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• 2006

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a tailored program based on the Transtheoretical Model to smoking cessation in high school girls. Methods: A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study. The participants were 35 industrial high school girls who have been smoking. The girls were allocated to an experimental group(18) and a control group(17) by randomization. For intervention, the experimental group received the group smoking cessation program and individual program which tailored according to the stage of change. A common group smoking cessation program was given to the control group. Data were collected before the program, immediately after and 4 weeks after the program was completed and were analyzed with repeated measure ANOVA. Result: In the experimental group, the daily smoking amount, nicotine dependency and decisional balance(Pros) score were significantly decreased and the self-efficacy score were significantly increased at one month after the intervention in comparison with before and immediately after it. The decisional balance(Cons) and processes of change score of the experimental group were significantly increased at immediately after the intervention and one month after it in comparison with before it, and at one month after it in comparison with immediately after it. A significant difference in the daily smoking amount, urine cotinine, nicotine dependency, decisional balance(Pros, Cons) and processes of change score between the both groups was found after one month of intervention. Conclusions: The tailored smoking cessation program was more effective, compared to the common smoking cessation program on smoking behavior, self-efficacy, decisional balance, processes of change. This program can be used for favorable changes in high school girl's smoking behavior.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of smoking cessation program in large size company using motivational enhancement counseling. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. 72 workers in intervention group and 65 workers in control group participated in 7 large size companies. Smoking cessation program consisted of a campaign, smoking cessation education, and 6 weeks motivational enhancement counseling. The motivational enhancement counseling was tailored to the individual's stage of change. Stages of smoking behavior, smoking cessation rate, nicotine dependence, and confidence of smoking cessation were assessed after intervention. Results: The results showed that intervention had a significant impact on improving stages of smoking behavior and smoking cessation rate, and impact on decreasing nicotine dependence, compared to those of a control group. Conclusion: The effects and feasibility of smoking cessation program including motivational enhancement counseling were revealed in the large size company. These results might provide information that can be used in improving cultures of smoking cessation for workers.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.669-679
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• 2021

This is a quasi-experimental study using the design before and after time gap of non-equivalence with comparative group performed to confirm the effects of END smoking cessation motivational program on the Carbon monoxide, Smoking Abstinence Self-efficiency, Days of smoking, Amount of smoking in the smoking high school students. The study subjects were the smoking students in a general high school located in C-City who were interested in the smoking cessation including 27 students in test group and 28 in the control group. Data collection period was from July 12 to October 4, 2018. END smoking cessation motivational program, the test intervention in this study, The study results are as follows. "There will be a difference of physiological factors between the test group that participates in END smoking cessation motivational program and the control group that does not" is supported. smoking cessation self-efficiency(z=110.00, p<.001), Days of smoking (z=640.00, p<.001), Daily smoking amount (z=520.50, p<.016), Considering these results, the application of this program is suggested to lower the smoking rate of the smoking high school students and to motivate the smoking cessation at the schools.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.694-700
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• 2005

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer and parental factors and smoking behavior of adolescents in urban cities and to investigate whether there are gender differences. Methods. A stratified and random cluster sampling design was used to obtain a cross-sectional sample of high school students in two urban cities. The sample consisted of 512 Korean adolescents (256 boys and 256 girls) aged 15 to 18 (mean age 16.7$\pm$.58). Self-reported questionnaire consisted of adolescent smoking behavior, peer smoking and alcohol use, parental smoking and alcohol use, father-mother-peer relationships and perceived social support from peers and parents. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the hypothesized model. Results. The findings showed that peer and parental factors accounted for $30.3\%$ of the variance in adolescent smoking and peer smoking was most strongly associated with adolescent smoking behavior (OR = 10.18). In addition, peer smoking (OR = 4.71), peer alcohol use (OR = 4.21), and peer relationships (OR = 1.03) were significantly associated with boys' smoking behavior. In girls, peer smoking (OR = 26.50) and parent smoking (OR = 5.48) were significantly associated with smoking behavior. Conclusions. Consistent with previous findings, peer smoking is a significant factor on adolescent smoking. Specifically, boys would be more influenced from peers than girls. Therefore, smoking prevention programs for adolescents might be focused on the social context such as, resisting to peer pressure and enhancing the self-efficacy to control.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.60-70
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify types of smoking decision making-temptation in adolescents and characteristics related to type among student smokers. Method: Data collection was done from March to July. 2006. A survey was administered to 275 students in 13 high schools and 15 middle schools in Seoul, South Korea. To identify types and characteristics smoking decision making-temptation in adolescents, cluster analysis using the K-mean method was employed. Characteristics of the influential variables according to the identified types of adolescent smokers were evaluated using ANOVA. Results: Four types of smoking pattern in adolescents were identified: habitual craving (17.7%), nicotine dependence (35.8%), feeblemindedness (28.4%), and self control (18.1%). The score for nicotine dependency was higher in the habitual craving type than any other type (F=11.79, p=.001), while the score for self efficacy for smoking abstinence was higher in the self control type (F=23.06, p=.000). Conclusions: Findings from this study suggest that effective interventions for smoking cessation in adolescents require not only active implementation of nicotine replacement therapy but also development of individualized approaches for each person targeting change in the social environment that may lead to positive smoking decisional balance.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.781-789
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• 2006

Purpose: This study is to examine the effect of auricular acupressure therapy on smoking cessation for male adult in rural areas. Method: Research design was nonequivalent control pretest-posttest design. The samples were 90 male adults(Experimental: 40, Control: 40) in a community. Measures were the number of cigarette smoking per day, dependency on nicotine, and need for smoking. Auricular acupressure therapy, experimental treatment was applied for 2 weeks, 2 times/week, 3 day/time. Data were collected from June 2005 to December 2005. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC+ 12 version. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ${\chi}^2-test$, were used for each aim of this study. Results: The number of cigarette smoking per day (t= 13.230, p=.000), dependency on nicotine (t=-29.743, p=.000), and need for smoking (t=-19.799, p=.000) were significantly decreased in the experimental group by application of the auricular acupressure therapy. Conclusion: Auricular Acupressure Therapy can be a better effective primary nursing intervention on smoking cessation for male adults in rural areas through reverification by a study of repetition.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chicory fiber for the replacement of fat and smoking on quality characteristics of restructured sausages. Treatments were as follows; Control: Pork backfat 20%, T1: Pork backfat 10% + Chicory fiber 10%, T2: Control + Smoking, T3: T1 + Smoking. The addition of chicory fiber significantly reduced the moisture, fat, hardness and pH values, whereas the smoking treatment increased the fat, redness and pH values of restructured sausages (p<0.01). Additionally, interaction of them significantly affected the ash, chewiness and hardness values of restructured sausages. As a result, although the addition of chicory fiber decreased the quality characteristics of sausage, smoking treatment improved the reduced quality. Therefore, the chicory fiber and smoking treatment is helpful to develop restructured sausage products with reduced fat and compensated quality.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.17
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• pp.7287-7290
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• 2014

Background: Brief physician counselling has been shown to be effective in improving smokers' behaviour. If the counselling sessions can be given at the workplace, this would benefit a larger number of smokers. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of a ten-minute physician counseling session at the workplace in improving smoking behaviour. Materials and Methods: This prospective randomised control trial was conducted on smokers in a factory. A total of 163 participants were recruited and randomised into control and intervention groups using a table of random numbers. The intervention group received a ten-minute brief physician counselling session to quit smoking. Stages of smoking behaviour were measured in both groups using a translated and validated questionnaire at baseline, one month and three months post intervention. Results: There was a significant improvement in smoking behaviour at one-month post intervention (p=0.024, intention to treat analysis; OR=2.525; CI=1.109-5.747). This was not significant at three-month post intervention (p=0.946, intention to treat analysis; OR=1.026; 95% CI=0.486-2.168). Conclusions: A session of brief physician counselling was effective in improving smokers' behaviour at workplace, but the effect was not sustained.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.217-228
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• 1998

This study was conducted to investigate determinants of intention of smoking cessation behavior. We sampled 204 university student smokers using questionaires and analyzed the data using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression. The results are as follows: 1. The attitudes concerning smoking cessation behavior are related to a student's course of study, religion and is further related to whether or not they tried to stop smoking. The subjective norm is related to smoking cessation recommendations. Perceived behavioral control is related to a growth criterion, the smoking amount and whether or not they have tried to stop smoking. The intention of smoking cessation behavior is related to smoking amount and whether or not they nare tried to stop smoking. 2. Total symptom number is related to smoking amount and smoking period. 3. Total symptom number is related to behavioral belief, attitude, and the intention to stop smoking. In conclusion, it was found that university students smoke far too much, however the intention to stop smoking is very low. Therefore, an intention promoting program of smoking cessation behavior is needed to reduce the smoking rate and relaxation therapy is necessary for in changing health promoting habits.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.376-385
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were(a) to identify smoking behavior by following a cohort representative of the population of 4th grade elementary schoolers in South Korea over a four-year period(2004-2007), and(b) to explore predictors of smoking initiation among non-smokers in Wave 1. Methods: Secondary data, the Korea Youth Panel Study, was analyzed in this study. First, frequencies or percentages were calculated to identify smoking behavior(i.e., smoking initiation, smoking intensity, and smoking duration). Second, binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine significant factors related to smoking initiation. Results: Smoking initiation and daily smoking were more pronounced when the participants entered middle school. In bivariate analysis, statistically significant predictors of smoking initiation were loneliness at school, self-control, delinquent behavior, depressive symptoms, and stress. However, after controlling for other factors, only a high level of risk-taking tendency and a greater number of delinquent behaviors remained statistically significant. Conclusion: Based on greater involvement in smoking among first-year middle schoolers, smoking prevention strategies should be provided to elementary schoolers rather than middle schoolers. A risk-taking tendency and delinquent behaviors should be considered as proxy measures to detect the high-risk group for smoking initiation.