• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.293-294
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• 2006

This paper aims to simulate by FDS(Fire Dynamics Simulator) the distributions of temperature and smoke on fires in accommodations on boards. The paper focuses on analysis of temperature at fire occurrence and soot density. The purpose of this study is to predict the possibility of safe escape and efficient fire extinguishing method using fire simulation results.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1218-1222
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• 2007

Under various tunnel fires, smoke average temperature and volume flow rate in a tunnel fire are calculated. To obtain realistic results, enthalpy of smoke which composites combustion gases and entrainment air is calculated from curvefit polynomials by temperature.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2005

Accurate prediction of the fire-induced air velocity, temperature and smoke flow in underground utility tunnel becomes more important for the optimization of design and placement of heat and smoke detectors. In order to improve the safety of underground utility tunnel systems, the behaviors of fire-induced smoke flow and temperature distributions are investigated. Especially, two different cross-sectional shapes of tunnel, such as rectangular and circular types are modeled. Also, fire source is modeled as a volumetric heat source. Three-dimensional thermal-flow characteristics in an underground tunnel are solved by means of FVM using SIMPLE algorithm. The effects of shape geometry on the fire-induced flow characteristics are graphically depicted. It is desirable that heat and smoke detectors are installed on the cables and the top of the wall.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2018

A fire simulation was performed to analyze the temperature and smoke exhaust performance of roof vents of the arcade traditional market by comparing a basic model (Case A) and an improvement model (Case B~Case E). Temperature analysis by heat showed a low temperature distribution because Case E discharged smoke in both directions of length compared to other cases. However, the effect of heat by life safety standards was satisfied. The smoke exhaust analysis by smoke showed the highest performance because Case C was exhausted to 1 m on both sides of length.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2019

주차장 화재 시 다량의 연기 발생으로 소방대원이 화점에 진입하기 곤란한 문제점을 극복하고자 최근 주차장 환기 목적으로 설치된 급 배기팬과 유인팬(Jet fan)을 이용하여 연기를 배출하는 방법을 이용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 급배기팬만 동작하는 조건과 유인팬이 함께 동작하는 2가지 조건에서 연기층의 유동변화를 CCTV를 이용하여 관찰하였으며, 또한 hot smoke test가 주차장 환기 성능평가 방법으로서의 적정성을 평가하기 위해 플럼 주위의 온도를 Alpert eq.과 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 jet fan을 동시에 동작시키는 경우 연기층이 교란될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었으며, 그로인하여 초기 피난 장애 우려가 있을 것을 것으로 분석되었다. 다만, jet fan이 추가로 작동됨에 따라 배기성능은 향상되는 것을 관찰용 CCTV로 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 진압전술을 펴는데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다. 플럼 주변의 온도를 측정하여 Alpert eq과 비교한 결과 Plume 중심축에서 약 $2^{\circ}C$ 낮고 연기가 배출되는 방향으로 8 m에서는 $9.0^{\circ}C$ 높은 것으로 분석되었다. Plume 주변의 온도 측정 결과는 AS 4391-1999의 예상 최대 온도보다 낮았고 실험으로 인한 예상 온도 위험을 초과하지 않았다. 이 결과와 같이 고온 연기 시험의 진행으로 인한 온도 위험성이 예측 가능하기 때문에 관련 기준이 없는 주차장의 연기 제어 성능 평가를 위한 일반적인 평가 방법 중 하나로 활용 가능할 것이다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2011

지하철 본선터널에서 고온 연기시험을 수행하였다. 고온의 화재연기를 모사하기 위하여 약 1.0MW의 알콜트레이 및 연기발생장치를 이용하였다. 화재발생후 9분 후에 터널내에 설치된 팬이 순차적으로 작동하여 화재 연기가 제어되는지를 확인하였다. 터널내의 주요 위치에서의 풍속, 풍향, 온도 및 연기농도 등을 측정하여 이를 화재안전 관점에서 분석하였다. 화재 인근의 천장부분의 풍속 측정값으로 연기의 속도를 구하였으며, 위치별 제연기류가 형성되는 시간이 상이한 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 계측된 풍속분포를 이용하여 지하철 본선터널 제연설비 성능 평가를 위한 수치해석의 경계값 및 비교결과로 활용될 것이다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

This numerical study investigates the effects of the size of the natural smoke vent area (10% and 1% of the floor area) and the location of the fire source (i.e., at the side and center of the stage) on the temperature distribution in the compartment and velocity distribution and mass flow rate of flow through a natural smoke vent for a reduced-scale model of a theater stage. Then, the mass flow rate of outflow through the natural smoke vent in the event of a fire for a real-scale theater stage was examined. The case with the larger natural smoke vent area and central fire source location showed lower temperature distributions and higher mass flow rates of outflow and inflow than the case with the smaller natural smoke vent area and side fire source location. The trends of the temperature distributions were closely related to those of the mass flow rates for the outflow and inflow. Additionally, the case with the larger natural smoke vent area and central fire source location exhibited the most non-uniform flow velocity distribution in all cases tested. A bidirectional flow, in which the outflow and inflow occur simultaneously, was observed through the natural smoke vent. In the event of a fire situation in a real-scale theater stage, it was predicted that the case with the larger natural smoke vent area and central fire source location would have a mass flow rate of outflow that is 43.53 times higher than that of the case with the smaller natural smoke vent area and side fire source location. The present results indicate that the natural smoke vent location should be determined by considering the location in a theater stage where a fire can occur.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2002

열원의 발열이 있는 작은 공간에서 상승기류에 의한 연기 확산의 특징에 대하여 조사하였다. 유입구와 유출구의 위치와 연기의 발생위치의 변화에 대한 3가지의 경우에 대하여 수치시뮬레이션을 이용하여 연기가 어떻게 확산되는가를 알아보았다. 좌측 상부에 유입구와 우측 하부에 유출구가 설치된 경우와 좌측 하부에 유입구, 우측 상부에 유출구가 설치된 경우는 기류속도, 공기온도 및 연기농도는 비슷한 분포를 나타냈다. 또한, 좌측 하부의 유입구와 우측 상부의 유출구인 경우 온도분포는 0∼0.3이고, 연기의 농도분포는 0.06∼0.14로 나타났다. 특히, 열원의 발열의 위치는 작은 실에 있어서 온도분포에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 농도분포에는 영향을 미치는 것을 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2005

The present study investigates the effect of balcony on external smoke movement of high rise building through the fire tests of the 1/10 reduced model scale using Froude scaling. A hexane pool fire is used to examine the smoke movement for various opening sizes of balcony and temperature distributions are measured by T-type thermocouples. Also, hydrogen bubble technique is applied to visualize the smoke movement near the balcony. Measured temperatures of the closed balcony is 2.5 times higher than those of the open balcony because the external smoke in case of the closed balcony rise along the vertical wall. The maximum vertical temperature of partially closed balcony is similar with fully closed balcony and mean temperature inside of balcony increases as opening size of balcony decreases. The experimental results show that the balcony space plays an important roles in preventing fire propagation and cooling of smoke layer. In order to ensure the fire safety in high rise building design, a series of systematic researches are required to examine the various type of balconies.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.424-430
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyse the characteristics and spreading laws of parameters such as fire smoke, concentration of CO, visibility, and temperature at fire scene in high-rise residential buildings under the different conditions of fire doors and automatic fire extinguishing systems. Using Pyrosim to simulate diverse fire scenes in a high-rise apartment with corridors, to analyze the changes in those parameters. The results show that when a fire occurs, closing the fire-fighting corridor will increase the smoke temperature and concentration of CO in the stairwell, and reduce the height and visibility of the smoke layer; the automatic fire extinguishing system effectively suppresses the increase in the temperature of the fire smoke and the sedimentation of the smoke layer. Reasonable setting and operation of the automatic fire extinguishing system could effectively inhibit the spread of fire. Although closing fire corridor can slow down the direct upward spread of smoke through the corridor, it will force the fire smoke into the stairwell, which will seriously affect evacuation through the stairs. Therefore, in order to reduce risks, it is forbidden to close the fire doors of the firefighting corridor and stacking combustible materials in the corridor, Also, intensifying inspections and ensuring the normal operation of the automatic fire extinguishing system are indispensable. Based on the research results, the significance of installing fire-fighting facilities in the construction of high-rise apartments was discussed and proved.