• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 1997

In this article, the Fuzzy Logic as the principle of the multcriteria fire detector is used to determine whether the fire takes out or not. The main contents of this method as follow; most of all, the degree of the fire is represented as the type of the Fuzzy, and then it is possible to examine whether the fire takes out or not by the principle of the Fuzzy Logic. The input fators of the Fuzzy fire detector are temperature sensor, smoke sensor, light sensor applied to digital type. On the result of this study, the first, the number of the case of the nonfire alarm which is represented in the existing fire detector is reduced, and the second, the applicability of the fuzzy detector is demonstrated by the test.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.533-538
• /
• 2014

This study examines the performance of and searches for improvements to the existing automatic fire detection systems installed at domestic apartment buildings as a basic study for development of intelligent fire detection systems specifically for apartments. Thus, this study aims to find out the problems in performance and maintenance of the existing fire detectors installed at apartment buildings which is the prerequisite process for development of intelligent fire detection system for that specific application. It is also found impossible to check whether or not the detectors installed at each apartment are in an operational state at normal times. This study finds that it is desirable to replace the slow-sensing heat detectors by a smoke and single smoke detectors which can detect a fire at its early stage in an effort to improve the problems of fire detectors installed at apartment buildings presently. Because we need to the independence fire detection system of apartment building.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.58-65
• /
• 2010

The fire accidents having recently occurred are getting more and more larger and causing lots of damage in terms of property loss and casualties increase, so there is in need of technical fire safety development like comprehensive prevention solution in order to effectively prevent. Especially, the needing of new paradigm for advanced fire safe technology is gathering strength in high-rise modern building construction. Therefore, we want to find out on this paper what is a correlation between heat release rate measurement and smoke release volume by three parts of oxygen consumption calorimeter in bench scale calorimeter (cone calorimeter/ISO 5660/Avg.500Kw), Medium scale calorimeter (Room corner tester, Single burning Item/ISO 9750, EN 13823/Avg.3MW), and large scale calorimeter (Industry calorimeter/Avg. 10MW). Thus, Smoke detective of new paradigm devised by making use of a correlation between heat release and smoke production is to help reduce loss property and casualties. Ultimately, based on this theory, a new concept of fire alarm and evacuation system will be developed and expected to apply to a skyscraper.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.2394-2398
• /
• 2013

Nicotine is the main component of environmental tobacco smoke, and its presence in indoor air is widely used as a secondhand-smoke indicator. Environmental tobacco smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution, but sufficient investigation of the uncertainty of its measurement, which mirrors the reliability of nicotine measurement, has not been performed. We calculated the uncertainty of measurement of indoor air nicotine concentration at low, medium, and high concentrations of 11.3798, 10.1977, $98.3768{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively, and we employed the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurements (GUM), proposed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The factors considered in determining the uncertainty were uncertainty of the calibration curve (calibration curve and repeated measurements), desorption efficiency, extraction volume, and sampling airflow (accuracy and acceptable limits of flowmeter). The measurement uncertainty was highest at low concentrations; the expanded measurement uncertainty is $0.9435{\mu}g/m^3$ and is represented as a relative uncertainty of 63.38%. At medium and high (concentrations, the relative uncertainty was 13.1% and 9.1%, respectively. The uncertainty of the calibration curve was largest for low indoor nicotine concentrations. To increase reliability of measurement in assessing the effect of secondhand smoke, measures such as increasing the sample injection rate ($1{\mu}L$ or more), increasing sampling volume to increase collected nicotine, and using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) or GC/MS/MS, which has a lower quantitation threshold, rather than gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorous detector, should be considered.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to test the adaptability of the CO sensor as a fire detector by analyzing its sensing characteristics on fire. In order to test the applicability, we designed and made a fire testing ground whose size is similar to that regulated by UL 268, carried out real fire tests suggested by UL 268, and conducted a comparison analysis on the sensing characteristics between the CO sensor and a photoelectric smoke detector by different types of fire source. The experiment result to the sensing characteristics of the CO sensor is about twice to three times faster than that of the photoelectric smoke detector, proceeding with incomplete combustion such as paper and wood fire source in the initial fire. Especially in case of wood smoldering fire, sensing characteristics of the CO sensor is very excellent.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2018

This paper is an analysis of the influence of ceiling air conditioner airflow on fire detector response. In order to analyze the response characteristics of fire detector while forming air flow of a ceiling-type air conditioner, fire tests were carried out in accordance with ISO standard. This experiment was carried out in a fire test site of 10 m (width) ${\times}$ 7 m (length) ${\times}$ 4 m (height). As a result of the experiment, the response of fire detector shows a normal pattern that is delayed as the distance from the fire source is increased in the absence of the air conditioner, but it is confirmed that the pattern is not maintained in the strong air flow. When the air flow of air conditioner was strong, the response time was increased by 121% in the smoke detector and by 39% in the heat detector. In the case of ceiling type air conditioners, it is considered that the number of fire detectors should be increased, or a detector with high sensitivity should be installed for early detection of fire.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.46-53
• /
• 2010

This is a case report of a photo-electric single station alarm for residential fire prevention. The detector was developed for the certification in Japanese market which is more than 100 times bigger than Korean market. A comparison and review for test standard owned by KFI (Korea Institute of Fire Industry & Technology) and JFEII (Japan Fire Equipment Inspection Institute) respectively is also conducted. The detector alarms with a buzzer and an indicating LED. Operating period and time in alarm, low battery and fire situation is stated. The electronics circuit part to reduce its current and the detector's characteristics are described. It is explained that the measured current and experimental result of the battery discharge can meet the 10 years operation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
• /
• 2012.04a
• /
• pp.389-392
• /
• 2012

연기감지기는 이온전류의 변화량을 감지하는 이온화식 연기감지기와 발광부와 수광부로 이루어진 챔버내에 연기에 의한 광량의 변화를 감지하는 광전식 연기감지기로 구분된다. 국내에서는 광전식 연기감지기가 더 많이 사용되고 있는데 이러한 광전식 연기감지기의 챔버내에 이물질이 침입하게 되면 비화재보를 발생시키게 된다. 본 논문은 연기감지기의 연기감지 챔버에 대한 비화재보를 감소시키기 위한 신뢰성 시험에 대하여 논한 연구이다. 광전식 연기감지기의 신뢰성을 검증하는 방법으로는 먼지에 대한 신뢰성을 검증하는 가연물 종류에 따른 연기감지 신뢰성 시험이나 분진시험이 적합한 것으로 판단되며, 이러한 시험의 반복을 통하여 광전식 연기감지기의 신뢰성을 검증하는 것이 필요한 것으로 사료된다.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.88-93
• /
• 2016

A fire detector installed in wood cultural properties has not have selected the detector type appropriate for the features of cultural properties and the structure of wood fire after the fire in Sungnyemun-Gate since 2008. Applying wooden cultural properties different from the general architecture of the structure and fire characteristics is difficult. Therefore, buildings were classified into four shape types and field survey and wooden architecture structure characteristics to identify the problems of the detectors installed on wooden cultural property buildings. The problems appeared to lack the adaptability to external fire detection sensor selection and missing fire detectors installed in accordance with the place. To solve the problem, the closed and open space of the rooms used a smoke detector, outdoor select flame or fixed temperature linear detector to solve the problem.

• Fire Protection Technology
• /
• s.24
• /
• pp.17-22
• /
• 1998

The objective of this paper is to investigate the variation of orifice diameter in a straight pipe which can give equal-sampling rate. This can be utilized for designing orifice in air-sampling smoke detector. The elements which should be considered for designing orifices was presented and the calculation procedure was also given in this paper. The effects of pipe length, the number of orifices, fan pressure was decribed.