• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.330-337
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• 2013

There are several methods currently being used to diagnose tuberculosis in patients, such as smear, PCR, tuberculosis culture and X-ray. For a proper medical treatment, antimicrobial susceptibility test and rapid drug susceptibility testing have been operated. Tuberculosis bacilli usually need 3~8 weeks of culture period because of delay in RNA synthesis and require 15~22 hours for generation. After a germ raises in culture, we initiated antimicrobial susceptibility test for a proper treatment. It has some difficulties to give a proper prescription for a tuberculosis patient because antimicrobial susceptibility test requires 4 weeks. To supplement this, we are practicing drug susceptibility testing which allow us to know the sensibility of RMP and INH after 2 or 3 days. But this is only possible when more than 2 positive germ. Therefore, we should practice rapid drug susceptibility testing with culture test. But if media is contaminated by other germs except Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it's hard to interpret result about culture test and to practice antimicrobial susceptibility test and rapid drug susceptibility testing. Because we have to practice again smear, culture test after extracting specimen from the patient, time is consumed and proper patient treatment is postponed. To address these problems and quick patient treatment, rapid drug susceptibility testing is practiced by using GenoType$^{(R)}$ MTDRplus method. As a result of this method we detected sensibility 10 and 7 cases and resistance 0 and 3 cases using RIM and INH respectively with other 1 case toward medicals out of the total 11 test. In conclusion rapid drug susceptibility testing can be used from the contaminated specimen after elimination of contaminated source from culture and proved that it can be practiced for rapid examination of a tuberculosis patient.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2011

Dermatopathologic findings on cutaneous streptothricosis (bovine dermatophilosis) were conducted in Dinajpur of Bangladesh for one year. The animals were examined clinically at hospital during the physical visit of the affected animals and clinical manifestations and patients' history were recorded. The gross lesions were systematically examined, noted and categorized. An impression smear was made by the skin scraps, stained with Gram's stain and examined microscopically for the presence of causative bacteria. The suitable sizes of skins of 3 animals typically affected with dermatophilosis were collected surgically from the animals, and prepared for the histopathological study. The cardinal clinical features and gross lesions were characterized as paint-brush cutaneous surface with matted hairs, scab and crust formation, roughened coat; istopathologically as hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, typical "palisading encrustations", extensive proliferation of coccoid shaped, bluish coloured bacteria (zoospores) in the cells of the outer rootsheath of the hair follicles, separation of keratinized layer from the epidermal epithelium, epidermal hyperplasia, densely cellular dermis with moderate destruction of glandular structures. Coccoid shaped gram positive organisms which form multidimensional arrangement were also observed by impression smear. The clinical signs, gross lesions, morphology of the organisms, staining properties, and histopathological features of the affected skin were diagnostic criteria for the bovine cutaneous streptothricosis.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2007

This study purposed to evaluate a $CellPrep^{(R)}$ (CP) of liquid-based cytology (LBC) to search for a less expensive and automated alternative cytologic preparation technique applicable to usually encountered cytologic specimens. Cervicovaginal direct-to-vial split samples from 457 gynecologic patients, 40 body fluid samples, and 34 urine samples were processed with the CP technique and the results were compared with those of currently used $ThinPrep^{(R)}$ (TP) method. Both CP and TP methods provide evenly distributed thin layers of cells with little cellular overlaps or significant obscuring elements in most of cases. Staining quality of both preparations showed a little difference due to the difference of fixative solutions without significant distractions in cytologic interpretation. On the supposition that TP was a gold standard, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of CP cytology were 89%, 98%, 86%, and 99% in the cervicovaginal smear, 89%, 82%, 80%, and 90% in body fluid, and all of these values were 100% in urine samples. To testify the availability of immunohistochemistry on CP preparations, cytokeratin, vimentin, and Ki-67 were applied on body fluid specimens, and all of these antibodies were specifically stained on targeted cells. Conclusively, the CP method gave comparable results to those of TP in terms of smear quality and cytologic diagnostic evaluation, and was available on immunohistochemistry. The CP method could offer a cost-effective and automated alternative to the current expensive techniques of liquid-based cytology on popular cytologic materials including cervicovaginal, body fluid, and urine specimens.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.1004-1007
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• 2014

Culture is the gold standard for diagnosis of tuberculosis, but it takes 6 to 8 weeks to confirm the result. This issue is complemented by the detection method using polymerase chain reaction, which is now widely used in a routine microbiology laboratory. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the Seegene Anyplex TB PCR to assess its diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and compared its results with the Roche Cobas TaqMan MTB PCR, one of the most widely used assays in the world. Five university hospitals located in the Chungcheong area in South Korea participated in the study. A total of 1,167 respiratory specimens ordered for acid-fast bacilli staining and culture were collected for four months, analyzed via the Seegene Anyplex TB PCR, and its results were compared with the Roche Cobas TaqMan MTB PCR. For detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Anyplex TB PCR were 87.5% and 98.2% respectively, whereas those of the Cobas TaqMan were 92.0% and 98.0% respectively (p value > 0.05). For smear-positive specimens, the sensitivity of the Anyplex TB PCR was 95.2%, which was exactly the same as that of the Cobas TaqMan. For smear-negative specimens, the sensitivity of the Anyplex TB PCR was 69.2%, whereas that of the Cobas TaqMan TB PCR was 84.6%. For detection of MTB, the Seegene Anyplex TB PCR showed excellent diagnostic performance, and high sensitivity and specificity, which were comparable to the Roche Cobas TaqMan MTB PCR. In conclusion, the Anyplex TB PCR can be a useful diagnostic tool for the early detection of tuberculosis in clinical laboratories.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.496-500
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• 2003

A one-year-old male Japanese Chin with anorexia, retching, dyspnea and continuous coughing was brought to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chungbuk National University. Chest radiographs showed moderate regional alveolar pattern with mild interstitial patterns in the caudo-dorsal lung fields and the ill-defined mass in the perihilar area which is consistent with perihilar lymphadenopathy. Although the dog showed severe eosinophilia in the complete blood count, the serum profile values were within normal ranges. There was no indication of any parasite infestation in the direct and floatation examination of feces, skin scraping test and heartworm examination. There was no growth of bacteria and fungi in the selected media such as Mueller Hinton broth, Sabouraud Dextrose agar and Potato Dextorse agar, which were inoculated with tracheal fluid collected using endotracheal tube and cultured for 3 days. In the tracheal fluid smear, most prominent cells were eosinophils, which are a almost 80% of total cells and other cells such as leukocytes, neutrophils and ciliated colummar cells were also observed. Any parasite was also not detected in its smear. Prednisolone (PDS; 1 mg/kg, BID SC), aminophylline (10 mg/kg, TID IV) and nebulization with gentamicin (50 mg) plus saline (3 ml) were given for 1 week. At 3rd day of treatment, blood eosinophil value was return to normal range and pulmonary condition was also improved. The allergen test with serum performed during therapy was positive in the 19 index including milk, barley, tomato pomace, catfish, bonito, house dust and wool, and borderline in 10 index including wheat, house dust mites and house fly. The patient is responding well to PDS therapy. Based on these findings, a possible diagnosis of pulmonary infiltration with eosinophils was made in this dog.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제59권6호
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• pp.606-612
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• 2005

배 경: 최근 국내의 연구에 의하면 객담 항산균 도말검사에 양성을 보인 환자들 중 NTM 분리비율이 약 10%정도로 NTM 폐질환의 중요성이 증가하고 있다. 국립 마산 결핵 병원의 경우 타 병원에 비해 초치료 환자 보다 재치료 및 다제 내성 결핵 환자의 비율이 높고 이런 환자들에 있어서 NTM 폐질환의 여부 및 원인균에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. 대상 및 방법 : 2002년 8월부터 2003년 7월까지 본원에서 객담 및 기관지 세척액 등 호흡기 검체를 통해 항상균 도말 및 배양검사가 의뢰된 검체에서 NTM이 분리된 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. NTM 폐질환의 진단은 미국흉부학회 진단 기준을 이용하였으며 환자들의 원인균, 임상적 및 방사선적 특징과 NTM 폐질환 발생과 치료성공에 연관된 인자에 대하여 후향적으로 조사하였다. 결 과 : 57명의 환자로부터 의뢰된 100개의 호흡기 검체에서 NTM균이 분리되었다. 미국 흉부학회의 NTM 폐질환 진단 기준에 따라 57명의 환자 중 26명(45.6%)가 NTM 폐질환을 가지고 있었으며 원인균은 M. intracellulare 19명(73.1%), M. abscessus 5명(19.2%), M. fortuitum 1명(3.8%), M. chelonae 1명(3.8%)의 순이었다. 균종에 따른 발병력은 M. intracellulare 67.9%(19/28명), M. abscessus 41.7%(5/12명)로 높았으며 M. fortuitum 14.3%(1/7명), M. chelonae 25%(1/4명)였다. NTM 폐질환 발생과 연관된 인자는 객담 도말양성(odds ratio=6.3, p=0.02), 분리된 균이 MAC 또는 M. abscessus인 경우(odds ratio=6.9, p=0.007)와 관련되어 있었다. NTM 폐질환 환자의 치료성공률은 57.7%(15/26명)이었으며 치료성공과 관련된 인자는 관찰할 수 없었다. 결 론 : 본원의 NTM이 분리된 환자 중 NTM 폐질환 비율은 높았으며 원인균에 있어서 MAC, M. abscessuss순이었다. 그리고 NTM 폐질환 발생과 연관된 인자는 객담 도말양성, 분리된 균이 MAC 또는 M. abscessus인 경우와 관련되어 있었다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

연구배경: 폐결핵의 진단 및 치료지연은 결핵 환자의 사망률을 증가시키고, 결핵균 전파의 위험을 증가시킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 3차 민간의료기관에서 폐결핵 환자 치료지연의 요인을 분석하여, 결핵관리사업을 위한 기본적인 자료를 제공하고자 시행하였다. 방 법: 1999년 5월부터 10월까지 결핵균 도말 양성 혹은 배양 양성으로 새로이 진단된 폐결핵 환자 150명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 지연치료군과 적절치료군으로 구분하여 환자 대조군 연구를 시행하여 치료지연의 요인을 분석하였고, 지연치료군 환자를 대상으로 전화 추적조사를 실시하여 치료적 중재를 실시하였다. 결 과: 대상 환자 150명 중 55명 (37%)이 지연치료군에 속하였다. 단변량 분석 결과 지연치료군의 의미있는 변수는 연령(61세 vs 40세; p <0.001), 항산균 도말 음성(85% vs 55%; p <0.001)과 1차 또는 2차 의료기관 미경유(56% vs 36%; p = 0.014)이었다. 다변량 분석 결과 고령 (p = 0.001), 항산균 도말 음성 (p = 0.001) 그리고 흉부사진상 하엽 침윤 소견 (p = 0.041)이 치료지연의 독립인자임을 확인하였다. 전화 추적조사 결과 치료를 받지 못한 22명의 환자 중 20명 (91%)이 병원에 다시 내원하기로 하였다. 결 론: 민간의료기관인 대학병원에서 폐결핵 치료 지연은 적지 않았다. 고령, 항산균 도말 음성, 하엽 침윤 소견이 치료지연의 위험요인이며, 체계적인 결핵 관리를 위한 조직 구성이 요구된다.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2003

Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma is a rare vascular tumor of borderline malignancy which is characterized by the presence of "epithelioid" or "histiocytoid" endothelial cells. Superficial and deep tumors have been recognized in the extremities, head, neck, chest, and mediastinum of adult patients. It may also occur as a primary tumor of liver, bone, and other visceral organs. Few effusion cytologic findings of epithelioid hemangioendothelioma have been reported. We report a case of composite epithelioid hemangioendothelioma with focal epithelioid angiosarcomatous areas of the iliac bone and adjacent soft tissue in a 38-year-old female, which, during its metastatic course, was presented as a pleural effusion. The effusion was cellular with epithelioid cells presenting both singly and in clusters. The tumor cells were round to ovoid shewing cytoplasmic vacuolization, variability in cell size, and prominent nucleoli. The effusion smears and cell block sections revealed strong positive staining for CD31 and vimentin, weak positive for CD34 and Factor VIII-related antigen, and negative for cytokeratin, CEA, and calretinin. The cytologic findings in this case were similar to that of metastatic adenocarcinoma or malignant mesothelioma. Therefore, immunocytochemical staining in smear and cell block is a helpful tool to differentiate malignant 'epithelioid' cells in effusion.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제79권3호
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• pp.153-157
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• 2016

Background: Vitamin D is known to have diverse effects on various systems in the body. There is evidence to suggest that a link exists between the serum vitamin D status and tuberculosis. The present study was designed to assess the alterations in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in newly diagnosed sputum acid fast bacilli (AFB) positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and to study the association, if any, between serum vitamin D levels and different levels of sputum smear positivity. Methods: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were estimated in 65 sputum AFB positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients and 65 age and gender-matched healthy controls. Results: The levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D in tuberculosis patients were not statistically different from the levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D in healthy controls. However, among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of serum 25 hydroxy-vitamin D and levels of sputum positivity. Conclusion: Serum vitamin D levels negatively correlates with bacterial load in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.271-274
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• 1994

경남 산청군 생비량면 가계리 주민의 대변검사를 modified Kato's cellophane thick smear와 formalin-ether concentration technique로 1987년 11월과 1993년 4월에 실시하였다. 1987년 주민 76명 중 간흡충 감염자는 61명(80.3%)이었으며 EPG 평균은 27.781이었다. 간흡충 충란 양성자들에게 praziquantel 60 mg/kg을 1회 투여하였다. 요꼬가와흡충 감염자는 17명(22.4%)이었으며 간흡충에 동시감염되어 있었다 1993년, 간흡충 감염율은 48.4%이었으며 평균 EPG는 5.929 이었다. 추적조사된 주민중 55.2%가 5년 5개월 동안에 간흡충에 재감염되어 있었다. 요꼬가와흡 충감염자는 3.2%이었다. 이 부락은 간흡충의 재감염이 높게 일어나고 있는 유행지이었다.