• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2018

Purpose: The study aimed to investigate the factors associated with long hours of smartphone usage and to identify the characteristics of the high-risk group among female middle school students in South Korea. Methods: The study analyzed the data of 13,648 female middle school students using their own smartphone extracted from the 13th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey (2017). The factors related to using smartphones for a long time was analyzed by binomial logistic regression. The characteristics of the high-risk group was defined by a decision tree analysis. Results: The average hours spent on smartphone usage was 269.54 minutes per day. The significant factors associated with the long hours of smartphone usage were grade, living with parents, perceived household economic status, perceived academic achievement, stress, sadness and hopelessness, the main purpose of smartphone usage, drinking, body mass index, breakfast, and satisfaction with sleep quality. The subjects showing low academic performance and having breakfast four times a week or less were more likely to use their smartphone for a long time. Conclusion: Based on the results of the research, we need to establish intervention strategies focusing on the factors influencing long-time usage of smartphone. Particularly, the subjects who show poor academic performance and skip breakfast frequently should be considered as the high-risk group for spending long hours on smartphone usage.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of smartphone usage and posture of users during using smartphone. A survey was conducted for 983 smartphone users to understand the association between smartphone usage and including subjective symptoms associated with musculoskeletal disorders. Main results from the survey were as follows; 1) 18.8% of the subjects experienced musculoskeletal symptoms at least at one of body parts. Specifically, 8.1%, 5.6%, 4.1%, and 11.3% of the subjects experienced musculoskeletal symptoms at neck, shoulder, elbow, and hand respectively, 2) The symptoms of musculoskeletal disorders were also associated with amount of text message and time for daily usage of smartphone. Specifically, relative risks of musculoskeletal disorders at hand/wrist/fingers in terms of "amount of text message" and "time for daily usage" for experienced user were 1.425 and 1.368 respectively to inexperienced user. This study identified 'amount of text message' and 'time for daily usage' as the major risk factors of smartphone usage in terms of musculoskeletal symptoms. The results of the study provided a good basis in order to remove or reduce the risks associated with musculoskeletal symptoms due to smartphone usage.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

This paper confirms the risk of using smartphone through the analysis of collected usage pattern and proposes the smartphone intervention system in risk situations. In order to check the risk of smartphone usage, we made information collecting application and collected smartphone usage pattern from 11 experiment participants for two months. By analyzing smartphone usage pattern, we confirmed that about 12% of smartphone usage is being used in driving, walking, and on the street. In addition, we analyzed the response rate of smartphone notification in risk situations and confirmed that user responds the smartphone notifications in real-time even in risk situations. Therefore, it is required to present a system that intervenes the use of smartphone in order to protect smartphone users in risk situations. In this paper, we classify risk situations of using smartphone. Also, the proposed smartphone intervention system is designed to periodically detect risk situations. In risk situations, smartphone function can be restricted according to user setting of smartphone. And smartphone can be used normally when safe situation is restored.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.371-385
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• 2016

This study was carried out to provide basic data for the promotion of the educational and social relations of adult learners and the effective way to use the smartphone. To accomplish this, we studied the influence of the degree of smartphone usage on the educational and social relations of college students in the area of Kyung-In and the mediator effect of smartphone addiction. According to this study, the research results were as follows: Firstly, the degree of smartphone usage did not directly affect family relationships, but highly affected smartphone addiction; smartphone addiction had both a negative effect on family relationships and a negative mediator effect between the degree of smartphone usage and family relationships. Secondly, smartphone addiction negatively affected the relationships with the opposite sex, whereas the degree of smartphone usage did not; however, there was a negative mediator effect between the time of using the smartphone and relations between the sexes. Thirdly, smartphone addiction negatively affected relationship with friends, whereas the degree of smartphone usage did not; there was no mediator effect between the time of using the smartphone and relationship with friends. Fourthly, smartphone addiction negatively affected the relationship with professors, whereas the degree of smartphone usage did not; there was no mediator effect between the time of using the smartphone and relationship with professors. The implications of these results are discussed.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.1-23
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• 2012

The growing interest in smartphones has increased the number of studies conducted on technology acceptance and user satisfaction. It is now over two years since the launching of smartphones, but there are not many researches on the usage behavior of today's smartphone users. Smart devices have evolved from smartphone to smart pad and smart TV, but there are still not many studies on variables such as knowledge about the parent product and the ability to use it. With this, I decided to study how the motivation and the ability of using smartphones affected the smartphone user's intention to use smartpads. This study presents the usage behavior of smartphone users and proves that the ability to use a parent product (smartphone) affects the user's intention to use an extension product (smartpad). The research results showed that the smartphone usage ability affected both variety of use and rate of use. The convenience and passing time factors affected variety of use; and the social interaction, entertainment and passing time factors affected rate of use. As for the intention to use smartpads, the smartphone usage ability and variety of use positively affected the smartphone user's intention to use smartpads. This study showed that the more the user used a smartphone to pass time and for convenience, the more effectively the user could use various functions. It proves that the variety of use of smartphone is highly related to the acceptance of smartpads. This study also proves that usage ability is an important factor in using innovative products, such as smart devices.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2022

이 연구는 부모의 스마트폰 이용과 자녀의 스마트폰 이용의 관계를 살펴보기 위한 탐색적 연구로, 부모와 자녀의 스마트폰 이용시간이 유의미한 상관관계에 있는지 확인하고자 했다. 이를 위하여 정보통신정책연구원의 '한국미디어패널조사' 11차년도 자료를 활용하여 실증적 분석을 실시했다. 연구 결과, 부모가 스마트폰을 오래 이용하는 경우 자녀 역시 스마트폰을 오래 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 정적 상관관계는 스마트폰 전체 이용 시간과 게임 이용시간에서 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 연구 결과는 부모와 자녀의 스마트폰 이용 양식이 가족 이라는 단일 체계 내 구성원으로서 유사성을 보이고 있음을 시사한다. 이 연구는 개인의 미디어 이용을 가족, 미디어 이용 환경을 통해 설명하기 위한 기초 자료를 제공한다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.54-57
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• 2018

Purpose: Most studies have reported pain in the head-neck and upper-limbs according to smartphone usage, which is related to the proprioception sense in the head and neck, but there have been few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study was identify the adverse effects of the proprioceptive sense in the head-neck according to smartphone usage. Methods: Twenty-seven young adults (male: 9, female: 18) were enrolled in this study. The proprioceptive sense was measured through the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck during smartphone usage for 0, 5, and 20 minutes. The Noraxon MyoMotion system was used to record the joint position angle and neutral positon in the head-neck. One-way repeated ANOVA was used to identify the differences between the three smartphone use durations and the least-squares difference was used as a post hoc test. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. Results: The joint reposition sense error and neural positon error in the head-neck were significantly different among the 0, 5, and 20 minutes of smartphone usage (p<0.05). In the post hoc test, the joint reposition sense error and neural positon error showed a significant difference between smartphone use for 0 minute and 5 minute, and between smartphone use for 0 minute and 20 minutes. Conclusion: This study suggests that smartphone use within 5 minutes can have adverse effects on the proprioceptive sense. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the appropriate use time and break time when using smart phones.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship between hours of smartphone use and neck pain in university students. Methods : A survey of 2,353 university students was conducted in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city using a self report questionnaire from April 1 to 11 2013. The questionnaire of questions regarding the hours of using smartphone, mainly used function in participant's smartphone and neck discomfort degree. Neck disability index(NDI) was used to evaluate degree of pain. The collected data were analyzed with the t-test and Kendall's tau test using the SPSS 21.0 program and R 3.1.0, respectively. Results : 1. Almost all of the survey participants(99.07 %) were smartphone users. 66.97 % of them answered that they use their smartphone daily more than 2 hours and 48.18 % of them answered that they use their smartphone 10 to 30 minutes everytime they use it. 2. The overall distribution of NDI scores was 'no disability(0~4 score, 62.92 %)', 'mild disability(5~14 score, 32.85 %)', 'moderate disability(15~24 score, 1.19 %)'. As a result of t-test, we found that the average NDI score for female students was significantly higher than the average NDI score for male students(p<0.05). 3. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total time spent daily using smartphones has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading' 'headache', 'concentration', and 'driving'(p<0.05) in NDI. Also, time duration of one time smartphone usage has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading', 'headache', 'concentration', 'work', and 'recreation'(p<0.05). 4. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total NDI scores have a significantly strong positive correlation with both of total time spent daily using smartphones(p<0.05) and time duration for one time smartphone usage(p<0.05). This results imply that long-time use of smartphone has a strong relationship with neck pain. Conclusions : The results of the study would be a good starting point for future studies to reduce the risks of chronic neck pain caused by smartphone usage.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2021

본 연구는 초등학교 고학년 학생의 스마트폰 중독과 그 영향요인을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사 연구이다. 연구대상은 C시에 소재하는 31개 지역아동센터의 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 294명이었다. 자료수집은 2019년 5월 13일부터 2019년 6월 10일까지 이루어졌으며, 자료분석은 SPSS Win 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 𝑥²-test, 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 중독위험군이 16%, 일반군이 84.0%로 나타났다. 스마트폰 중독에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 평일 스마트폰 사용 시간(95% CI:1.263~827.849, p=.036), 스마트폰 주요 사용 시간대(95% CI:1.028~29.574, p=.046)로 나타났다. 따라서 초등학교 고학년 학생의 스마트폰 중독을 예방하기 위해서는 스마트폰 사용 시간 및 사용 시간대를 파악하여 예방교육이나 간호중재 프로그램을 개발할 필요가 있다.

• 정보화정책
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.65-83
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• 2018

본 연구는 스마트폰 사용유형과 스마트폰에 대한 과도한 기대가 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존에 미치는 효과를 검증하였다. 본 연구는 한국정보화진흥원의 2017년 스마트폰 과의존 실태조사 자료 중 13세에서 19세까지의 청소년 3454명(남자 1,758명, 여자 1,696명)의 자료를 분석에 활용하였다. 위계적 중다회귀분석 결과, 연령과 가계수입은 스마트폰 과의존에 부적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 스마트폰의 주중 사용시간은 스마트폰 과의존의 하위요인인 문제적 사용에 정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 스마트폰 사용 유형 중 정보추구, SNS 및 게임을 위한 스마트폰 사용과 스마트폰에 대한 과도한 기대는 스마트폰 과의존에 정적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 여가추구를 위한 스마트폰 사용은 스마트폰 과의존에는 영향을 미치지 못했으나, 스마트폰 과의존의 하위요인인 문제적 사용에는 부적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 메신저를 위한 스마트폰 사용은 스마트폰 과의존에 영향을 미치지 못했다. 반면, 메신저 사용은 스마트폰 과의존의 하위요인인 현저성에는 정적으로 영향을 미쳤고, 문제적 사용에는 부적으로 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과는 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존을 이해하데 있어 사용시간뿐만 아니라 주로 사용하는 스마트폰 사용유형을 확인할 필요가 있음을 시사한다. 또한, 스마트폰 과의존의 예방과 효과적인 개입을 위해 스마트폰에 대한 과도한 기대를 수정하는 노력이 필요함을 시사한다.