• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.363-373
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• 2016

This study aims to develop an all-fabric integrated smart jacket in order to create a temperature-regulating system based on a user experience design. For this research, previous research technologies of a textile switch interface and a temperature-regulating system were utilized and a unifying technology for the all-fabric integrated smart jacket was developed which can provide the appropriate temperature environments to the human body. A self-heating textile was applied at the areas of the back and hood in the final tested jacket, and an embroidery circuit was developed in the form of a rectangle in the back and in both ears of the hood, taking into account the pattern of the jacket part where it was be applied and the embroidery production method. The textile switch interface was designed in a three-layer structure: an embroidery circuit line in a conductive yarn, an interval material, and a conductive sensing material, and it was made to work with the input and output sensors through the multiple input method. After the all-fabric integrated smart jacket was produced according to the pattern, all of the textile band lines for transmission were gathered and connected with a miniature module for controlling temperature and then integrated into the inside of the left chest pocket of the jacket. After the users put on this jacket, they were asked to assess the wearing satisfaction. Most of them reported a very low level of irritation and discomfort and said that the jacket was as comfortable as everyday clothing.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.617-628
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• 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the engine load factor (LF) of a 90 kW agricultural combine harvester. The combine harvester used in this study is equipped with an electronic engine, and real-time engine data (torque and speed) was collected through a controller area network. The speed of the combine harvester during harvesting operation was divided into three levels (4, 5, and 6 km/h) for the representative operation speed range of 4 to 6 km/h. The LF was calculated using the engine load data measured in real time during harvesting. A weight was applied to the LF for each condition based on a survey of the usage. Results of the field test showed that the LF was 0.53, 0.64, and 0.87 at working speeds of 4, 5, and 6 km/h, respectively. The highest engine load factor was recorded at 6 km/h. Finally, based on the weight for the usage applied, the integrated engine LF was analyzed to be 0.69, which is approximately 144% higher than the currently applied LF of 0.48. A study on LF analysis for the entire work cycle, including idling and driving of the combine harvester, will be addressed in a future study.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.256-266
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• 2016

Concurrently detected and annotated abnormal events can have a significant impact on surveillance systems. By considering the specific domain of pedestrian trajectories, this paper presents two main contributions. First, as introduced in much of the work on trajectory-based anomaly detection in the literature, only information about pedestrian paths, such as direction and speed, is considered. Differing from previous work, this paper proposes a framework that deals with additional types of trajectory-based anomalies. These abnormal events take places when a person enters prohibited areas. Those restricted regions are constructed by an online learning algorithm that uses surrounding information, including detected pedestrians and background scenes. Second, a simple data-boosting technique is introduced to overcome a lack of training data; such a problem particularly challenges all previous work, owing to the significantly low frequency of abnormal events. This technique only requires normal trajectories and fundamental information about scenes to increase the amount of training data for both normal and abnormal trajectories. With the increased amount of training data, the conventional abnormal trajectory classifier is able to achieve better prediction accuracy without falling into the over-fitting problem caused by complex learning models. Finally, the proposed framework (which annotates tracks that enter prohibited areas) and a conventional abnormal trajectory detector (using the data-boosting technique) are integrated to form a united detector. Such a detector deals with different types of anomalous trajectories in a hierarchical order. The experimental results show that all proposed detectors can effectively detect anomalous trajectories in the test phase.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.383-399
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• 2015

Today, as railways increase their capacity and speeds, it is more important than ever to be completely aware of the state of vehicles fleet's condition to ensure the highest quality and safety standards, as well as being able to maintain the costs as low as possible. Operation of a modern, dynamic and efficient railway demands a real time, accurate and reliable evaluation of the infrastructure assets, including signal networks and diagnostic systems able to acquire functional parameters. In the conventional system, measurement data are reliably collected using coaxial wires for communication between sensors and the repository. As sensors grow in size, the cost of the monitoring system can grow. Recently, auto-powered wireless sensor has been considered as an alternative tool for economical and accurate realization of structural health monitoring system, being provided by the following essential features: on-board micro-processor, sensing capability, wireless communication, auto-powered battery, and low cost. In this work, an original harvester device is designed to supply wireless sensor system battery using train bogie energy. Piezoelectric materials have in here considered due to their established ability to directly convert applied strain energy into usable electric energy and their relatively simple modelling into an integrated system. The mechanical and electrical properties of the system are studied according to the project specifications. The numerical formulation is implemented with in-house code using commercial software tool and then experimentally validated through a proof of concept setup using an excitation signal by a real application scenario.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.48-53
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• 2010

RC(Remote Control) is a technology that can efficiently control and transfer a variety of user commands to CEs. However, the existing RCs have been required various additional features such as communication between CEs, extension of communication range, low power-consumption and bi-directional communication according to the advent of new types of CE devices and its enhanced performance. Even though RC controller has many customers' requests, it is not a simple solution because most legacies work on IR-based RC. In this paper, we propose RF4CE-based Universal Remote Control Framework using Smartphone in order to solve the many constraints of IR legacies. The proposed R-URC system is designed by RF4CE platform which is a kind of de-facto standard for CE remote control communication. From the verification scenarios using various CEs and smart phone, we can see that the proposed R-URC shows the good practical usage in terms of contents sharing and smart CE control.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1903-1907
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• 2010

Drying curves for raw Alaska pollack seemed to follow typical food dehydration process with a very short initial settling down period. It was evident that there are some differences in drying rates between each part of fish body showing the highest drying rate for fish head followed by that for fish skin and that for flesh, presumably because of differences in water holding capacity of the components of each part. Specifically, the drying curve of fish flesh revealed that a boundary layer, thereby, a time period, existed which showed a big difference in moisture content and/or water activity as drying proceeds. The boundary layer in fish flesh with high moisture content between the layer contributes to reduce drying rate mainly as a consequence of protein aggregation resulting in hardening of fish flesh. The first boundary layer in this work appeared to show within several hours after initiation of drying. For Hwangtae, a naturally cyclic freeze-thaw dried and aged Alaska pollack which was popular in Korea, manufacturing process, it is clear that periodic moistening of boundary layer in fish flesh prohibits hardening fish flesh in boundary layer and enables steady moisture diffusion from inside of the fish flesh to surface of the fish body.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.635-653
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• 1999

The present work considers work considers research strategies to address global warming. Specifically, this work considers the development of technologies of importance for the reduction of greenhouse gas emission and, especially, the materials that are critical to these technologies. It is argued that novel materials that are essential for the production of environmentally friendly energy may be developed through a special kind of engineering: interface engineering, rather than through classical bulk chemistry. Progress on the interface engineering requires to increase the present state of understanding on the local properties of materials interfaces and interfaces processes. This, consequently, requires coordinated international efforts in order to establish a strong background in the science of materials interfaces. This paper considers the impact of interfaces, such as surfaces and grain boundaries, on the functional properties of materials. This work provides evidence that interfaces exhibit outstanding properties that are not displayed by the bulk phase. It is shown that the local interface chemistry and structure and entirely different than those of the bulk phase. In consequence the transport of both charge and matter along and across interfaces, that is so important for energy conversion, is different than that in the bulk. Despite that the thickness of interfaces is of an order to a nanometer, their impact on materials properties is substantial and, in many cases, controlling. This leads to the conclusion that the development of novel materials with desired properties for specific industrial applications will be possible through controlled interface chemistry. Specifically, this will concern materials of importance for energy conversion and environmental monitoring. Therefore, there is a need to increase the present state of understanding of the local properties of materials interfaces and the relationship between interfaces and the functional properties of materials. In order to accomplish this task coordinated international efforts of specialized research centres are required. These efforts are specifically urgent regarding the development of materials of importance for the reduction of greenhouse gases. Success of research in this area depends critically on financial support that can be provided for projects on materials of importance for a sustainable environment, and these must be considered priorities for all of the global economies. The authors of the present work represent an international research group economies. The authors of the present work represent an international research group that has entered into a collaboration on the development of the materials that are critical for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.184-188
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• 2016

Highly ordered $SnO_2$ and NiO nanocolumns have been successfully achieved by glancing-angle deposition (GLAD) using an electron beam evaporator. Nanocolumnar $SnO_2$ and NiO sensors exhibited high performance owing to the porous nanostructural effect with the formation of a double Schottky junction and high surface-to-volume ratios. When all gas sensors were exposed to various gases such as $C_2H_5OH$, $C_6H_6$, and $CH_3COCH_3$, the response of the highly ordered $SnO_2$ nanocolumn were over 50 times higher than that of the $SnO_2$ thin film. This work will bring broad interest and create a strong impact in many different fields owing to its particularly simple and reliable fabrication process.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.355-368
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• 2005

Large and complex structures are being built now-a-days and, they are required to be functional even under extreme loading and environmental conditions. In order to meet the safety and maintenance demands, there is a need to build sensors integrated structural system, which can sense and provide necessary information about the structural response to complex loading and environment. Sophisticated tools have been developed for the design and construction of civil engineering structures. However, very little has been accomplished in the area of monitoring and rehabilitation. The employment of appropriate sensor is therefore crucial, and efforts must be directed towards non-destructive testing techniques that remain functional throughout the life of the structure. Fiber optic sensors are emerging as a superior non-destructive tool for evaluating the health of civil engineering structures. Flexibility, small in size and corrosion resistance of optical fibers allow them to be directly embedded in concrete structures. The inherent advantages of fiber optic sensors over conventional sensors include high resolution, ability to work in difficult environment, immunity from electromagnetic interference, large band width of signal, low noise and high sensitivity. This paper brings out the potential and current status of technology of fiber optic sensors for civil engineering applications. The importance of employing fiber optic sensors for health monitoring of civil engineering structures has been highlighted. Details of laboratory studies carried out on fiber optic strain sensors to assess their suitability for civil engineering applications are also covered.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.385-396
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• 2017

The recent advancements in sensing technologies allow us to record measurements from target structures at multiple locations and with relatively high spatial resolution. Such measurements can be used to develop data-driven methodologies for condition assessment, control, and health monitoring of target structures. One of the state-of-the-art technologies, Fiber Optic Strain Sensors (FOSS), is developed at NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center, and is based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors. These strain sensors are accurate, lightweight, and can provide almost continuous strain-field measurements along the length of the fiber. The strain measurements can then be used for real-time shape-sensing and operational load-estimation of complex structural systems. While several works have demonstrated the successful implementation of FOSS on large-scale real-life aerospace structures (i.e., airplane wings), there is paucity of studies in the literature that have investigated the potential of extending the application of FOSS into civil structures (e.g., tall buildings, bridges, etc.). This work assesses the feasibility of using FOSS to predict operational loads (e.g., wind loads) on chain-like structures. A thorough investigation is performed using analytical, computational, and experimental models of a 4-story steel building test specimen, developed at the University of Southern California. This study provides guidelines on the implementation of the FOSS technology on building-like structures, addresses the associated technical challenges, and suggests potential modifications to a load-estimation algorithm, to achieve a robust methodology for predicting operational loads using strain-field measurements.