• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
• /
• 제38권5호
• /
• pp.75-84
• /
• 2018

The most crucial point of reducing building energy is application of high performance envelope. The amount of heat exchange through window is highest in comparison of other envelopes so that heat exchange through window influence directly with building energy consumption. The window energy performance can be define with thermal, leakage and optical performance. In previous study we can confirmed that not only thermal performance but also optical performance are considered, 11% to 15% of building energy consumption can be reduced. Smart window system has potential of energy saving so that many industry field use smart window system including architectural area and these aspect causes smart window market continuous growth year by year. In this study, building energy consumption has been analyzed which consist of smart window that dynamically control optical states. The consideration of standard commercial building model for research, the reference medium size commercial building model of DOE (Department Of Energy, USA) has been used. The building energy simulation result of 4 axis in 8 regions in Korea shows 8% to 22% reduction of building energy consumption by application of smart window system.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.562-567
• /
• 2022

Novel self-illuminated smart windows were fabricated consisting of Cu-doped ZnS (ZnS:Cu) powder and polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC). This smart window shows not only switchable transparency but also self-illumination without any attachable luminous body. Its electro-optical characteristics, transmittance, and luminance were investigated in relation to various applied voltages and composition ratios. The optical transmittance and luminous intensity increased with increasing applied voltages. However, the optical transmittance decreased with increasing ZnS:Cu powder content. One of the self-illuminated smart windows, which was fabricated with 9 wt% of ZnS:Cu, achieved the optical transmittance of 60.5% (at 550 nm) and the luminance of 11.0 cd/m² at 100 V. This smart window could be used as a normal switchable smart window in daytime and light-emitting signage at night.

• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2023

Smart windows are capable of varying their visible light transmittance (VLT) in response to changing environmental conditions. The VLT variability of architectural windows is highly valuable because it enables indoor lighting and energy environments to align with external changes. However, challenges such as high installation costs and assurance of glass visibility have prompted the exploration of alternative solutions, including models incorporating partially applied smart windows., Prior research focused on useful daylight illuminance (UDI) analysis for south-facing office buildings, pointing out suitable areas for smart-window implementation to enhance lighting control. In this study, we broadened this scope by determining optimal smart-window application zones under changing building orientation. Furthermore, we studied the correlation between building orientation and smart-window deployment areas.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.753-764
• /
• 2015

Among several types of energy saving smart window technologies, the leader, the dynamic EC (electrochromic) window one needs integrated PV (photovoltaics), to minimize expensive electrical wiring as well as to obviate the need for external energy. Self-powered smart windows were reviewed according to PV types used. DSSCs (dye sensitized solar cells) were found to be compatible with EC cells, to have several categories of next generation smart windows such as PECCs (photoelectrochromic cells), PVCCs (photovoltachromic cells), EC polymer PECCs. In addition silicon solar cells and third generation solar cells were investigated. They are summarized in a table showing their advantages and disadvantages respectively for a fast comparison. The strategy to expedite the commercialization of these next generation smart windows includes developing retrofit smart window coverings for use on flexible polymer substrates adhered to the inside surface of a window and easily replaced after use for upto 10 years.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제33권6호
• /
• pp.471-474
• /
• 2020

In recent years, the challenge of higher energy efficiency has emerged as urban buildings have become taller, and the area of window glasses has increased. To address the problem of energy efficiency in buildings, research on smart windows is being actively conducted. In this study, an accelerated experiment for thermal stability was conducted to fabricate a liquid crystal cell applicable to external windows. It was confirmed from the study that the function is maintained even in a high-temperature external environment through the change in transmittance by voltage. Compared with the initial transmittance, after the passage of time, the smart window cell to which the sealant was applied showed a small change in transmittance of 1~2%. This result confirmed the thermal stability of the liquid crystal-based smart window.

• 전자통신동향분석
• /
• 제34권5호
• /
• pp.36-47
• /
• 2019

Smart window technology has become a major component of smart buildings, leading to energy savings and enhanced functionality. Smart windows work like curtains or blind screens, blocking external light sources. Smart window components employ electrochromic or photochromic materials that can selectively block sunlight when electricity is applied. The installation of low-E glass and building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) is being encouraged in accordance with the policy on saving building energy. To incorporate BIPV into smart windows, the transparency and colors of transparent photovoltaics must be optimized. The power sources required to operate these smart windows take advantage of the transparent color of the solar cells, which also facilitates aesthetics. Self-powered smart windows that combine electrochromic or photochromic screens with transparent solar cells suggest a promising convergent technology.

• 토지주택연구
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.131-140
• /
• 2022

스마트 윈도우는 건물의 에너지 절감을 실현할 수 있는 신소재 건축 자재이며, 상황에 따라 가시광선 투과율(Visible Light Transmittance), 일사획득계수(Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, g-value)를 자유롭게 조절할 수 있는 특징을 가진다. Electrochromic(EC), Suspended Particle Device(SPD), Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal(PDLC) 등이 스마트 윈도우에 해당되며 현재 실용화 단계에 있다. 최근 스마트 윈도우의 VLT 및 g-value 조절 기능을 통해 건축물의 에너지를 절감하는 방법에 대한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있으며, 일부 유의미한 결과가 도출되고 있다. 하지만, 건축물의 에너지 절감에 대해서 연구의 영역이 제한되어 있고, 실내 환경에 대한 연구는 다소 부족한 실정이다. 에너지 절감에만 초점을 맞춘 실내 공간은 충분한 쾌적성이 확보되지 않기 때문에 실내 환경에 대한 고려가 요구된다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 사무공간을 기준으로 채광성능(Daylight Performance) 분석이 수행되었다. 세계 각 국의 친환경 건축인증제도인 LEED, BREEAM, CASBEE, G-SEED의 기준을 통해 스마트 윈도우의 VLT 조절에 따른 채광성능 검토가 이루어졌으며, 쾌적한 실내 채광환경을 유지할 수 있는 스마트 윈도우의 VLT 범위에 대한 고찰이 이루어졌다. 분석을 위해 사용된 스마트 윈도우는 VLT 조절 범위가 가장 넓은 EC가 사용되었다. 분석 결과 한국의 친환경 건축인증제도인 G-SEED의 평균주광률을 충족하기 위한 스마트 윈도우의 최소 VLT는 25% 이상으로 나타났으며, 스마트 윈도우의 VLT 조절은 균제도에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, LEED의 실내 최소조도의 기준을 적용할 시 적용되어야 하는 계절 및 향에 대한 스마트 윈도우의 VLT 조절 범위 값이 도출되었다.

• 마이크로전자및패키징학회지
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.78-82
• /
• 2023

본 연구에서는 Reactive mesogen (RM) 기반 λ/2 위상지연 필름과 편광필름을 이용하여 3단계로 투과율 가변이 가능한 스마트윈도우 제조 기술을 제안한다. λ/2 위상지연 필름은 위상차 (Γ) 값이 π (Δn·d=λ/2)이며, 위상지연 필름에 입사된 빛의 진행방향을 필름의 광축에 대칭된 각도로 변환시키는 특징이 있다. 위상지연 필름의 Δn·d 값이 λ/2에 근접할수록 변환 특성이 우수하기 때문에 본 연구에서는 복굴절 물질인 RM 두께별 retardation (Δn·d) 특성 평가를 통해 Δn·d가 λ/2(=275 nm@550 nm)에 근접한 276.1 nm의 값을 갖는 위상지연 필름을 제작하였다. 최종적으로 (편광필름)/(유리기판)/(배향막)/(λ/2 retardation film) 구조의 스마트윈도우를 제작하여 투과모드, 반투과모드, 차단모드에서의 광 투과 특성을 평가하였다. 평가결과 투과율은 각각 35.8%, 27.8%, 18.2%의 값을 나타내었으며, 이를 통해 λ/2 위상지연 필름을 이용하여 3단계로 투과율 제어 가능함을 확인하였다. 또한 150×200 mm² 크기의 스마트윈도우를 구현함으로써 건축물, 자동차 등 다양한 분야의 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 스마트미디어저널
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2019

본 연구에서는 스마트 단말에서 워크스코어 어플리케이션의 사용 편의성 향상을 위한 GUI 개발을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구는 선행연구에서 개발된 서울시를 대상으로 한 워크스코어 데이터를 활용하였다. 어플리케이션 GUI는 크게 다섯 개의 영역으로 구성된다. 각 영역은 주소입력창 및 검색버튼, 상세정보(주소, 위도, 경도, 워크스코어) 출력, 화면전환 및 워크스코어 출력 개수 입력창, 데이터 입력창, 메뉴버튼 영역으로 구성된다. 한편, 어플리케이션 GUI 검증을 위해 강남역과 명동역 인근의 총 12개의 데이터(주소, 위도, 경도, 워크스코어)와 여러 검증 시나리오들을 활용하였다. 먼저, 총 12개 지점의 데이터를 기반으로 주소검색과 키워드 검색의 정확성을 확인하였다. 새로운 위치의 워크스코어를 입력 하고 해당 위치를 검색함으로써, 입력 및 검색이 정상적인지를 확인하였다. 마지막으로 총 13개의 데이터를 파일로 출력한 후 파일 내 데이터의 누락 여부를 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 워크스코어 어플리케이션은 이 모든 시나리오에서 정상적으로 작동되는 것을 확인하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 워크스코어 어플리케이션은 일반 시민 누구나 일상생활에서 요긴하게 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제64권3호
• /
• pp.9-24
• /
• 2022

Currently, a vast amount of hydrologic data is accumulated in real-time through automatic water level measuring instruments in agricultural reservoirs. At the same time, false and missing data points are also increasing. The applicability and reliability of quality control of hydrological data must be secured for efficient agricultural water management through calculation of water supply and disaster management. Considering the characteristics of irregularities in hydrological data caused by irrigation water usage and rainfall pattern, the Korea Rural Community Corporation is currently applying the Hampel filter as a water level data quality management method. This method uses window size as a key parameter, and if window size is large, distortion of data may occur and if window size is small, many outliers are not removed which reduces the reliability of the corrected data. Thus, selection of the optimal window size for individual reservoir is required. To ensure reliability, we compared and analyzed the RMSE (Root Mean Square Error) and NSE (Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient) of the corrected data and the daily water level of the RIMS (Rural Infrastructure Management System) data, and the automatic outlier detection standards used by the Ministry of Environment. To select the optimal window size, we used the classification performance evaluation index of the error matrix and the rainfall data of the irrigation period, showing the optimal values at 3 h. The efficient reservoir automatic calibration technique can reduce manpower and time required for manual calibration, and is expected to improve the reliability of water level data and the value of water resources.