• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

최근 국내의 한전을 비롯한 해외 여러 전력회사에서 스마트 그리드라는 개념의 전력망 구축을 위한 활동이 활발하게 이루어지고 있다. 스마트 그리드는 전력망에 정보통신망을 융합하여 전력의 효율성을 증대시키는 기술로, 전력 사업자와 소비자가 양방향 통신을 통해 에너지 효율을 극대화 시킬 수 있다. 그러나 전력망이 정보통신망과 융합되면서 기존 전력망보다 보안의 위협이 증대되고 있다. 전력망 특성상 보안의 위협으로 인한 피해는 개인의 사생활뿐만 아니라 사회의 경제적 손실까지 이어져 그 피해규모가 크므로, 스마트 그리드는 여러 해커 집단의 공격 대상이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드의 보안 피해를 예방하기 위해, 스마트 그리드 구축의 핵심 기술이라 할 수 있는 Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)의 보안 취약점과 그에 대응하는 보안 기술 현황을 살펴보도록 한다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.1493-1515
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• 2015

A smart meter is one of the core components in Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) that is responsible for providing effective control and monitor of electrical energy consumptions. The multifunction tasks that a smart meter carries out such as facilitating two-way communication between utility providers and consumers, managing metering data, delivering anomalies reports, analyzing fault and power quality, simply show that there are huge amount of data exchange in smart metering networks (SMNs). These data are prone to security threats due to high dependability of SMNs on Internet-based communication, which is highly insecure. Therefore, there is a need to identify all possible security threats over this network and propose suitable countermeasures for securing the communication between smart meters and utility provider office. This paper studies the architecture of the smart grid communication networks, focuses on smart metering networks and discusses how such networks can be vulnerable to security attacks. This paper also presents current mechanisms that have been used to secure the smart metering networks from specific type of attacks in SMNs. Moreover, we highlight several open issues related to the security and privacy of SMNs which we anticipate could serve as baseline for future research directions.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제60권2호
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• pp.416-422
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• 2011

Smart grid is the next generation intelligent power grid that combines the existing electric power infrastructure and information infrastructure. It can optimize the energy efficiency in both directions, suppliers and power consumers to exchange information in real time. In smart grid environments, with existing network security threats due to the smart grid characteristics, there are additional security threats. In this paper, we propose a security mechanism that provides mutual authentication and key agreement between a remote user and the device. The proposed mechanism has some advantages that provides secure mutual authentication and key agreement and secure against a replay attack and impersonation attacks.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

스마트그리드 기술은 기존의 전력망 관리와 제어를 위해 ICT (Information and Communications Technologies)를 이용하여 전력 공급자와 소비자 간에 양방향으로 실시간 전력 정보의 교환을 통하여 에너지 효율을 극대화시키는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 IEEE 802.11s STDMA (Spatial Time Division Multiple Access) 기반의 다중 채널 스마트그리드의 NAN (Neighborhood Area Network) 네트워크에서 수리적 모델링에 기반한 계층 교차적 설계 기법을 이용하는 "JRS-MS" (Joint Routing and Scheduling for Multi-channel SmartGrid) 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안 알고리즘은 다중 채널 스마트그리드 NAN 네트워크의 각 데이터 링크에서 데이터 전송량을 적절히 조절하고 동시에 플로우들 간에 간섭이 적은 고속 경로의 탐색을 수행한다. 이를 통하여 각 플로우들의 네트워크 이용률을 높여 전송률을 향상시킨다. 제안 알고리즘과 기존 제안 알고리즘인 JRS-SG (Jointly Routing and Scheduling for SmartGrid) 알고리즘 과의 비교 성능 분석을 통하여 JRS-MS 알고리즘이 다중 홉 NAN 무선 메쉬 네트워크를 경유하는 플로우들의 수가 늘어날 때 주어진 대역폭 자원을 최대로 활용하여 전송 성능을 향상 시킬 수 있음을 보였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.274-284
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• 2016

The increasing penetration of distributed energy resources on the distribution networks have brought a number of technical impacts where voltage and thermal variations have been identified as the dominant effects. Active network management in distribution networks aims to integrate distributed energy resources with flexible network management so that distributed energy resources are organized to make better use of existing capacity and infrastructure. This paper propose active solutions which aims to solve the voltage and thermal issues in a distributed manner utilizing a collaborative approach. The proposed algorithms have been fully tested on a distribution network with distributed generation units.

• 전자공학회논문지
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2014

무선 메쉬 네트워크는 멀티홉 기반의 유연한 망구성 및 확장성이 높은 이점으로 관심을 받고 있으며, 최근 전 세계 전력회사에서도 스마트 그리드 네트워크에 무선 메쉬 네트워크 기술을 적용하기 위한 연구가 활발히 진행 중이다. 스마트 그리드란 전력공급과정에 정보통신기술을 접목시켜 전력공급자와 소비자간 실시간 양방향 정보교환을 통해 에너지 효율을 최적화한 차세대 지능형 전력망으로, 스마트그리드 환경에서 실시간성 및 시급성 등으로 인한 중요한 데이터에 대한 QoS 보장은 필수적이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 국내의 전력용 통신시스템을 바탕으로 스마트그리드 어플리케이션 특성 분석 및 스마트그리드 메쉬 네트워크 구축 방안을 설계하고, IEEE 802.11s의 예약기반의 매체 액세스 매커니즘인 MCCA를 적용함으로서 QoS 성능향상 방안을 제시한다. 이를 검증하기 위해서는 NS-2 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 성능분석을 수행하고, 예약기반의 MCCA가 안정적인 대역폭을 보장함으로서 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.606-613
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• 2012

In a smart grid environment, data for the usage and control of power are transmitted over an Internet protocol (IP)-based network. This data contains very sensitive information about the user or energy service provider (ESP); hence, measures must be taken to prevent data manipulation. Mutual authentication between devices, which can prevent impersonation attacks by verifying the counterpart's identity, is a necessary process for secure communication. However, it is difficult to apply existing signature-based authentication in a smart grid system because smart meters, a component of such systems, are resource-constrained devices. In this paper, we consider a smart meter and propose an efficient mutual authentication protocol. The proposed protocol uses a matrix-based homomorphic hash that can decrease the amount of computations in a smart meter. To prove this, we analyze the protocol's security and performance.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is the key to operate a change from the traditional manual reading of water meters and sensors to an automated system where high frequency data is remotely collected and analyzed in real time, one of the main components of a Smart Water Grid. The recent boom of ICT offers a wide range of both wired and wireless technologies to achieve this objective. We review and present in this article the most widely recognized technologies and protocols along with their respective advantages, drawbacks and applicability range which can be Home Area Network (HAN), Building Area Network (BAN) or Local/Neighborhood Area Network (LAN/NAN). We also present our findings and we give recommendations on the application of ICT in Smart Water Grids and future work needed.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2022

In order to overcome the power fluctuation issues in photovoltaic (PV) smart grid-connected systems and the inverter nonlinearity model problem, an adaptive backstepping command-filter and a double second order generalized Integrators (DSOGI) controller are designed in order to tune the AC current and the DC-link voltage from the DC side. Firstly, we propose to present the filter mathematical model throughout the PV system, at that juncture the backstepping control law is applied in order to control it, Moreover the command filter is bounded to the controller aiming to exclude the backstepping controller differential increase. Additionally, The adaptive law uses Lyapunov stability criterion. Its task is to estimate the uncertain parameters in the smart grid-connected inverter. A DSOGI is added to stabilize the grid currents and eliminate undesirable harmonics meanwhile feeding maximum power generated from PV to the point of common coupling (PCC). Then, guaranteeing a dynamic effective response even under very unbalanced loads and/or intermittent climate changes. Finally, the simulation results will be established using MATLAB/SIMULINK proving that the presented approach can control surely the smart grid-connected system.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.34-49
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• 2012

Recently, the smart grid (SG) has been introduced to solve the serious network issues caused by the increasing electrical demand and the complex nonlinear nature of the electric power distribution network. The SG, regarded as the next generation power grid, can transmit power in more efficient ways by building an automatic and distributed energy delivery network. In this paper, we first assess how various existing networking technologies, such as IEEE 802.11 (WiFi) and IEEE 802.15.4 (ZigBee), meet the requirements of the SG communication protocols. Specifically, we classify the existing network protocols into three categories: WSN-based networking, WiFi-based networking, and wireline-based networking. We then survey the security issues regarding the SG. Finally, we propose an agile SG networking architecture and show the effectiveness of different adopted networking technologies and, as a result, present a candidate solution to implement agile networking in SGs.