• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1998

There are several serious problems in treating shipboard wastewater due to special environmental conditions of ship, such as confined space, rolling and pitching, change of temperature and so on. It was suggested that Sequence Batch Reator (SBR) process might be suitable for overcoming above problems in terms of small size, high capacity of treating wastewater and full automation. In this study the SBR process was used for the secondary treatment of shipboard wastewater. The average removal efficiency of DOC, nitrogen, phosphorus and surfactants(MBAS) were studied and the effects of various C/N ration on the efficiency of treatment were investgated. From the experimental results it was convinced that the SBR process would be able to be used as a suitable process for removing organic matters and nitrogen in reuse system of shipboard wastewater.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2001

An intensive watershed survey including water quality measurement of 6 times was carried out in order to find out the relationship between pollutant load and water quality in a small stream watershed where livestock wastewater is the main source of water pollution. The findings from the survey are as follows. 1) The number of livestock showed large disagreement among county office, myon, and insite survey. It is vital to check the data at the beginning of watershed survey. 2) The fluctuation of streamflow and water quality was so large depending on the day of measurement that it is essential to set up continuous telemetering system to get reliable data about delivery ratio of pollutants. 3) It was helpful for setting the priority of investigation to check water quality and quantity at several points along the stream after dividing the watershed into 5 drainage areas. 4) To control the livestock wastewater, especially in case of cows, it is necessary to have roof system and prevent overland flow from the ground. In case of pig farms, it is recommended to have public treatment system instead of private treatment system. The exact emission load of livestock wastewater was difficult to estimate, and requires more study.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 1980

The process of biological treatment of organic wastewater is principally associated with those of self-purification in the natural water environment. The treatment system has e intensive function of stabilizing wastewater more effectively than in natural water, which is like natural water concentrated in a small space. Biological treatment of wastewater involves activated sludge and various modified process, trickling filter, rotating disk, oxidation ditch, etc. for aerobic decomposition and anaerobic processes such as anaerobic decomposition and methane fermentation. The basic characteristic of these processes is the use of mixed culture for the conversion of pollutants. This review forcuses on the various kinds of microorganisms related to each treatment processes. Kinetic analysis of the activated sludge process is discussed in order to understand the basis of control and maintenance of the biological treatment process.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.33-42
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• 1998

The optimum design and preliminary cost estimations of air stripping towers ASTs with granular activated carbon adsorption (GAC) systems as the off-gas treatment were done and compared to liquid-phase GAC system. The optimum design and preliminary cost estimations were done for either single or multicomponent systems. A computer program was developed for this study. 15 single compounds and their multicomponent systems were studies. Even with off-gas treatment, AST was generally a less expensive process for treatment of volatile organics than liquid-phase GAC system. Treatment costs of small systems were sensitive to system capacity. Accumulative effect of treatment costs was found in multicomponent systems. The cost of a multicomponent system was highly dependent on the least strippable component in ASTs even with gas-phase GAC or the least adsorbable component in liquid-phase GAC system.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1998

Removal of nitrogen and phosphate in wastewater is concerned to important for the prevention of eutrophication in receiving water and lake. Conventional activated sludge system designed for organics removal can be retrofitted only by modification of aeration basin to maintain anaerobic and aerobic state. Biological nutrient removal processes(BNR) such as Bardenpho, A$^{2}$/O, UCT, VIP were generally used for the treatment of wastewater. However these BNR processes used in large scale WWTP were not suitable in small scale WWTP(i.e., package type WWTP) due to relatively large fluctuation of flow rate and concentration of pollutants. The purpose of this research was to develop the compact, effective and economical package type WWTP for the removals of carbon and nitrogen in small scale wastewater. Intermittently aerated activated sludge system (IADFAS) were investigated for removal of nitrogen in both domestic wastewater, Bardenpho process was also evaluated. Nitrogen removal of IAAS, IADFAS, Bardenpho were 75, 77 and 67%, respectively.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.361-374
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• 2016

This study examined the regulation status on wastewater treatment in agro-food processing and a case study on effluent treatment m ethods was carried out to evaluate any change after the mitigation of regulation. First, in order to clarify the area of investigation, the definition of small-scale agro-processing facilities was reviewed through literature survey and local government ordinance. The current law were separately analyzed into four areas; effluent treatment facilities, development of agro-processing industries, land use and food processes equipment. The exclusion clauses on wastewater discharging facility in the enforcement regulation were defined in detail, which can be served in practice. Site survey, after the questionnaire survey of the person in charge of the local unit, was carried out. As the result, this survey confirmed the positive effects of the deregulation on promoting sewer system service in rural areas, introducing the new processing construction and so on. In addition, it was found that some matters to be considered to determine whether to introduce wastewater treatment plan for public food processing facilities.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2015

In the purpose of this study, we investigate the characteristics of the pilot-scale wastewater treatment system applied to BAF, MBR and IPNR as examining the removal efficiency of organic pollutants and operating factors in small decentralized wastewater treatment systems, and operating factors. For long-term operation period of more than nine months, pilot-scale plant operating results appeared very stable. This results were the removal efficiency of BOD was 80.3% above and removal efficiency of COD with an average of about 91.0%, satisfied the final effluent water quality standards. TN in the final effluents was the average concentration of 7.9 mg/L, was satisfactory water quality standards 10 mg/L of TN.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2018

도시의 산업화와 인구의 빠른 증가로 인해, 지구상에서 여전히 7억 8천만명이 물자원 사용에 어려움을 격고 있으며, 이에 따라 깨끗하고 저렴한 물자원 확보 방안에 대한 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나, 현존하는 폐수처리 시스템은 낮은 공정효율, 높은 운영비용, 그리고 넓은 부지 요구 등의 다양한 이슈에 직면하여 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 저렴하고 효율적인 폐수 처리 시스템의 개발이 시급히 요구된다. 이러한 노력의 일환으로 rutile type $RuO_2$를 기반으로 한 DSA전극을 이용한 전기 화학적 방법에 기초한 폐수 처리 시스템을 제안하였고, 이를 성공적으로 시연하였다. 우리의 폐수 처리 시스템은 생활폐수의 경우, 생화학적 산소 요구량 (BOD), 화학적 산소 요구량 (COD) 및 총 유기탄소 (TOC) 제거 효율이 52.0 %, 77.8 % 및 65.6 % 로 우수한 특성을 보였다. 또한 축산 폐수의 경우, BOD, COD, 총 질소 (TN), 총 인 (TP)의 제거 효율이 각각 92.9 %, 75.6 %, 35.1 %, 100 %로 획기적인 감축 효과를 거두었습니다. 이 장치의 탁월한 제거 효율과 작은 크기를 고려할 때, rutile $RuO_2$로 코팅된 DSA를 사용한 전기화학적 폐수 처리는 생활 및 축산 폐수의 처리를 위한 유망한 방안이 될 수 있음을 제안하고자 합니다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.305-314
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• 2014

A pilot plant (Q=5 $m^3/d$) study was implemented for small and medium sized personal wastewater treatment plant effluent to evaluate MBR and A/O processes utilizing self-sufficient energy composed of wind and solar energy. The removal efficiencies of BOD, SS, turbidity and color were sufficient for legal water quality standards for gray water. However, those of nitrogen and phosphorus could not meet legal regulations which suggested that further removal of those contaminants were needed for reuse of the treated water. Self-sufficient energy rate was 100 % for the pilot plant due to excessive design capacity. In this research, wind and solar energy system was applied considering geological characteristics, which significantly improved energy self-sufficiency. Substantial improvement on energy self-sufficiency can be obtained by optimized investment and operation at a full scale wastewater treatment plant.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.346-351
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• 2004

Because of being produced a great deal of excess sludges from biological wastewater treatment process, the subject regarding treatment and disposal of them has been significantly handled in real plants. It should be considered the alternative treatment with easy operating and cost effective process in rural areas. For the thickening of wasted activated sludge from small scale wastewater treatment facilities, thus, the provisional sludge thickening system was developed by the application of mesh filter module. Three meshes with different pore size(100, 150, $200{\mu}m$) were prepared for filter modules that were used to withdraw effluent from thickening system. A filter module with $100{\mu}m$ mesh was chosen as the most effective thickening material in the viewpoint of volume reduction and effluent quality: the volume reductions of initially injected sludge with 3,600 mg/L and 9,100 mg/L were 95% and 85%, respectively, and the filtered effluents were enough good to be shown below 1.0 mg/L of SS and 1.0 NTU of turbidity. Since the filtration of thickening was influenced by the cake layer formed on mesh filter module and this system was operated in the combination of sludge thickening with gravity settling, the filter modules with smaller pore size and the larger floc size were required for long term operation safely.