• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.230-239
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effect of geographic units of analysis on measuring geographic variation in medical services utilization. For this purpose, we compared geographic variations in the rates of eight major procedures in administrative units (districts) and new areal units organized based on the actual health care use of the population in Korea. Methods: To compare geographic variation in geographic units of analysis, we calculated the age-sex standardized rates of eight major procedures (coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, surgery after hip fracture, knee-replacement surgery, caesarean section, hysterectomy, computed tomography scan, and magnetic resonance imaging scan) from the National Health Insurance database in Korea for the 2013 period. Using the coefficient of variation, the extremal quotient, and the systematic component of variation, we measured geographic variation for these eight procedures in districts and new areal units. Results: Compared with districts, new areal units showed a reduction in geographic variation. Extremal quotients and inter-decile ratios for the eight procedures were lower in new areal units. While the coefficient of variation was lower for most procedures in new areal units, the pattern of change of the systematic component of variation between districts and new areal units differed among procedures. Conclusions: Geographic variation in medical service utilization could vary according to the geographic unit of analysis. To determine how geographic characteristics such as population size and number of geographic units affect geographic variation, further studies are needed.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

일부지역의 전체 유방촬영장치는 205대가 설치 사용되고 있었으며 종합병원에는 36대, 병원 53대, 의원은 116대가 사용되고 있었다. 즉, 의원의 비중이 전체의 50%를 차지하고 있음을 알 수가 있었다. 영상획득방법 별에서는 필름 스크린(film screen)이 131대, 컴퓨터 방사선촬영장치(computed radipgraphy)가 67대, 디지털 방사선촬영장치(digital radiography)가 7대 순으로 나타났다. 현재까지는 주로 필름 스크린 시스템이 이용되고 있었다. target/filter의 재료는 대부분 Mo/Mo이 사용되었으며(66%), 그 다음으로는 Mo/Rh이 사용되고 있었다(25%). 초점의 크기는 소초점용은 0.1 mm, 대초점으로는 0.3 mm를 주로 사용하고 있었다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.83-96
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• 2013

With the recent increase in the number of one- and two-person households, demand for small-sized apartments has been on the rise, and lifestyles have seen swift changes to cater to smaller-sized housing. The construction market is shifting toward small-sized apartments, and research is now needed on the lifestyles of those living in small-sized apartments in order to develop suitable housing units. Therefore, this study aims to produce a planning concept for housing units by lifestyle, categorizing residents based on lifestyle and identifying their LDK preferences. Regarding methodology, prior research was reviewed to validate housing-related lifestyle factors and study the lifestyles of those living in small-sized apartments. Lifestyle categories based on housing type were determined by a cluster analysis, and LDK preferences for each lifestyle were analyzed through a survey. These data were then used to propose a planning concept with small-sized apartments for each lifestyle type. Thirty-two factors for categorizing lifestyles were obtained by studying three domains of housing-related lifestyle factors: 'housing values', 'attitudes toward living space', and 'behavior in living space; A total of 648 people living in small-sized apartments were classified into three lifestyle groups: 'True Family Benefiters', 'Smart Shopaholics', and 'Slow Heritage Pursuers'. 'Each group's lifestyle characteristics and socio-demographic features were used to classify the lifestyles of those living in small-sized apartments. The LDK preferences for each lifestyle were analyzed to design a planning concept for small-sized apartment.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.571-582
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• 2010

전동차 중정비 시 대치차 기어의 비파괴검사 방법으로는 일반적으로 침투비파괴검사를 적용하고 있다. 침투비파괴검사는 결함의 미세한 개구부 속으로 침투액을 투입하여 표면에 잔류하는 여분의 침투액을 제거하고 현상제를 도포하여 결함지시 모양을 관찰하여 탐상하는 방법이다. 그러나 이 방법은 기어를 조립상태에서 침투비파괴검사를 실시하므로 많은 문제점이 있다. 치면의 각도가 급경사를 이루므로 충분한 침투가 어렵고 과잉제거의 문제가 있다. 그에 비해 자분비파괴검사는 표면 하 결함은 물론 미세한 결함 검출에 용이하다. 시험결과 치면에 응력이 집중되어 내부결함 및 미세결함이 존재하는 경우 침투비파괴검사로 발견되지 않는 경우가 있으나 자분비파괴 검사로 미세한 결함까지 발견 할 수 있었다. 따라서 전동차 대치차 기어의 합리적인 비파괴검사법은 자분을 사용한 비파괴검사가 적합하다고 판단한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.847-853
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• 1999

A Pseudomonas sp. strain that is capable of utilizing dicarboxylic acids as a sole carbon source was isolated from activated sludge by using the enrichment culture technique. This organism accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) with an unusual pattern of monomer units that depends on the carbon sources used. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolyester was synthesized from glucose or small $C_{-even}$ alkanoic acids, such as butyric acid and hexanoic acid. Accumulation of PHB homopolyester was also observed in the cells grown on $C_{-odd}$ dicarboxylic acids, such as heptanedioic acid and nonanedioic acid as the sole carbon sources. In contrast, a copolyester consisting of 6 mol% 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 94 mol% 3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) was produced with a PHA content of as much as 36% of the cellular dry matter. This strain produced PHAs consisting both of the short-chain-length (SCL) and the medium-chain-length (MCL) 3-hydroxyacid units when heptanoic acid to undecanoic acid were fed as the sole carbon sources. Most interestingly, polyester consisting of significant amount of relevant fractions, 3HB, 3HV, and 3-hydroxyheptanoate (3HHp), was accumulated from heptanoic acid. According to solvent fractionation experiments, the polymer produced from heptanoic acid was a blend of poly(3HHp) and of a copolyester of 3HB, 3HV, and 3HHp units. The hexane soluble fractions contained only 3HHp units while the hexane-insoluble fractions contained 3HB and 3HV units with a small amount of 3HHp unit. The copolyester was an elastomer with unusual mechanical properties. The maximum elongation ratio of the copolyester was 460% with an ultimate strength of 10 MPa, which was very different from those of poly(3HB-co-3HV) copolyesters having similar compositions produced from other microorganisms.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.55-75
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 2007개정 교육과정에서 강조하는 실천적 문제해결 과정, 지속 가능한 삶을 고려한 소비생활, 진로교육이 현재 중학교 1학년이 사용하는 기술 가정교과서의 '청소년의 자기관리' 단원과 '청소년의 소비생활' 단원에 어떤 내용과 형태로 반영되었나를 분석하는 것이다. 2010년 3월부터 중학교에서 사용하고 있는 12종 교과서의 단원 구성 체제 요소인 대단원 도입, 목표 진술, 중단원 도입, 소단원 제목 및 도입, 본문 진술, 활동과제, 표/그림/사진, 보충 및 심화 학습자료 대단원 및 중단원 마무리 부분에 반영된 3가지 강조점을 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 내렸다. 첫째, 3가지 강조점은 목표 진술을 제외한 교과서의 모든 단원 구성 체제 요소에서 반영하고 있지만, 다른 구성요소에 비해 활동과제, 표/그림/사진, 보충 및 심화학습 자료에 반영하는 비율이 높게 나타나고 있다. 둘째, 중 단원마다 교육과정에서 강조하는 강조점을 반영하는 정도가 다르다 전체적으로 '청소년기의 자기관리 단원'에 비해 '청소년의 소비생활' 단원이 3강조점의 반영 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 출판사 마다 교육과정에서 강조하는 강조점을 반영하는 정도도 다르고 반영하는 방법도 다르다. 이를 바탕으로 가정과 교사의 현장수업에서의 교과서 활용방안과 교과서 개발 기관 및 심사자를 위한 제언을 제시하였다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2009

This case study is an effort to provide new knowledge on the U.S. elderly public housing focusing on the residents' perceptions of the environmental conditions. For this study, we conducted a survey using written questionnaires and interviews with 20 residents who rent in Columbia, MO. The recorded interview data was used for final analysis; primary findings are as follows: The residents reported relatively high satisfaction on their overall environmental conditions in the two target public housing, built in 1950s. As the most significant problem, residents perceive the lack of storage space for individual units, Partially attributed to space limitations. In addition, bathroom needs varied dramatically among residents based on their health and whether wheelchairs are used. Therefore, it was found that instead of standardized bathrooms, a customizable configuration for the resident's unique physical condition and accessibility must be considered. The residents also addressed their concerns about security for entrance and foyer areas. Due to the small living areas, they wanted to have available outdoor public space for various social activities. Furthermore, they reported the need for small social gathering areas while friends and family members are visiting them, in addition to their small living units, which average 49.8 sq. ft. each.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to carry out POE of assisted living housing and suggest the design guidelines for the housing complex for the elderly. The subjects were residents(old persons) and staff who lived or worked in three assisted living housing in Cincinnati, Ohio. Interview and survey method using questionnaire were used. The design guidelines for the housing for the elderly were suggested as follows: 1) the location of the housing for the elderly should be in or near the existing housing area, 2) the arrangement of spaces of the housing for the elderly should consist of small groupings rather than large and long corridor pattern, 3) the number of the housing units for the elderly should be small, under 100 units, 4) the housing units should be used by one older persons so that she/he could have the chance of privacy and personalization, 5) various common spaces such as art and craft room or game room should be provided, 6) accessibility should be considered, 7) the color and patterns of interior finishes should be differentiated according to floors or spaces and familiar ones should be used to make a homelike environment.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2010

Although some large units, upper than division, have a identification system, most of them depend on US military. Especially, the company unit can not but execute GOP(General OutPost) guidance and battles inefficiently because they apply the method of conventional identification system. urrently, North Korea causes the high tension of peninsular by experimenting nuclear weapons and launching ICBM(Intercontinental Ballistic Missile). In addition, ROK military will reduce the number of personnel and division through reorganizing the structure into NCW (Network Centric Warfare) until 2020. These unstable situation and future tendency require the high technical identification system based on USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) in company unit level. his study suggests the method that the company unit apply the identification system based on USN which distinguish between friend and foe in the warfare. The identification system concludes the results through experiment of military analysis model (AWAM; Army Weapon effectiveness Analysis Model). After analyzing the experiment results, it indicates the budget requirement and operational operability of identification system. This will be able to improves battle efficiency and to prevent damages of friendly forces.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-84
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• 2013

Empirical research into Đại Việt before the $14^{th}$ century has made little progress since the 1990s. To improve this situation, I here examine how the L$\acute{y}$ dynasty (1009-1226), the first long-lasting dynasty of Đại Việt, established stable local ruleafter the "Tang-Song Transition" in China that changed the entire picture of East Asia (including both Southeast and Northeast Asia). This paper focuses on two issues. First are the local administrative units and their governors. The nature of both higher units like lộ(circuits), phủ and ch$\hat{a}$u (provinces), and basic units like hươg and gi$\acute{a}$p (districts?) will be examined. Second, I examine non-institutional channels of local rule by the imperial family. By combining such administrative and non-administrative means, the L$\acute{y}$ central court enforced a considerably stable local rule for two centuries. Finally, I attempt some preliminary comparisons with the local rule of Goryeo (918-1392) in the Korean peninsula, a polity that shared many features with Đại Việt in the process of localization of the Tang and Song models. I hope this approach of viewing small empires from the standpoint not of their "goal" (modern states) but of their "start" (charter polities), will enrich the discussion of East Asian small empires.