• Korean small business review
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.37-63
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• 2019

The reason why Small enterprise cooperatives are important in the history of cooperatives is that they provide the basis for the development of cooperatives. Small enterprise cooperatives are composed of five or more members of small business owners and has received financial support from the government through the evaluation of the business plan from 2013. In 2018, however, Small enterprise cooperatives must be evaluated for five years of performance. In this study, we surveyed Small enterprise cooperatives members in 2015 to identify motivating factors that affect the sustainability and cooperation of Small enterprise cooperatives. On conclusion, intrinsic motivation has been found to be an independent variable affecting the sustainability and collaboration of Small enterprise cooperatives.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2022

Purpose: In this study we aim to identify factors affecting successful inter-firm collaboration. We tried to find out whether government subsidies to small-business owners should be made to experienced and competent cooperatives or to cooperatives with potential even if inexperienced. Research design, data and methodology: Using analytic hierarchy process (AHP), we examine if evaluation criteria for the Small Business Collaboration Grant (SBCG) reflect the potential of successful collaboration of applicant cooperatives. Results: We found that experts tend to think that applicant cooperatives without any experience as a recipient for the SBSG need to be evaluated by their growth potential and their preparation of the application rather than by their business performance or achievement history. The weight of the evaluation must be different between the growth potential and the achievements already achieved. By means of an expert survey, we confirmed that Rookies should weigh evaluation indicators that can reflect their growth potential, and experienced groups should give weight to evaluation indicators that can reflect their achievements. Conclusions: For SBCG applicants with experiences, experts tend to weigh more on SBCG business performances and feasible sharing systems. The screening procedure for the first applicant cooperatives need to focus more on "partner selection" stage, whereas elements related to "realization" apply to experienced applicant cooperatives.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.1-29
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• 2004

This paper aims to understand the points which the Board of Directors of the National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives System has proposed, and to find some improvement. This Fisheries Cooperatives previously had a single board system operating two small board rooms which became independent within the two sectors of credit and .provision in addition to the existing board of directors. This is a very unique board of directors system which is not found in cooperatives in our country nor in the business world. This change of the board of directors of the Fisheries Cooperatives is ascribed to the reorganization of the system into a completely independent division system, which operates business separately based on each sector as opposed to the previous multiple cooperatives system. However, a plural board of directors system does contribute to the improvement of managerial efficiency by strengthening the self-control of each independent business section, but deepens conflicts between its internal organizations, and brings about a reverse function which might deteriorate both the controlling power of a systematic organization and the coordinating power between sectors. This paper made an analysis of acceptors' attitudes toward the board of directors of the fisheries cooperatives system by regulating all the staff directly related to the operation of the board of directors of the fisheries cooperatives system as a group of acceptors and by selecting one hundred and fifty persons among the staff as a sample. The inquiry into acceptors' attitudes was made using questionaries, and the data for this investigation was processed and analyzed using a statistical method. The contents of this paper are composed of I. an introduction, II. the findings of the questionary investigation, III. the overall opinion for the improvement of the board of directors system, and IV. a summary and conclusion.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.133-146
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• 1995

WTO system has just begun and the development for fishing industry is being carried out. The task of National Federation of Fisheries Cooperatives(NFFC ) is not only to support producers' competitive edge, but also to realize the efficiency embodied in the businesses of NFFC itself. Then it can continue to compete other firms and offer the comprehensive services only when it achieves its efficiency. The efficiency of NFFC is the economies of scale and scope. NFFC should achieve its scale and scope economies to be efficient. NFFC needs to expand its size in fish distribution and banking business to have scale economies. Also, the communication and coordination systems among member-supporting, fish distribution, and banking business need to be strengthened to get its scope economies. It is interesting theoretically and in policy making to test the hypotheses that cooperatives are capable of offering the comprehensive services such as distribution, credit, and insurance to the members. It is meaningful to their development for agricultural and small businesses cooperatives as well as fisheries cooperatives to survive the fierce competition under WTO system. National Federation of Agricultural Cooperatives(NFAC) is much greater in business size than NFFC. The estimation and test in the multiproduct cost function of NFAC will show interesting results.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-34
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• 2014

In urban as well as rural areas, there is a vigorous movement to establish cooperatives which are based on the Framework Act On Cooperatives. Eight months after the enforcement of the law, more than 600 cooperatives reported their articles of association to the competent Mayor/Governor in rural areas. Considering the population distribution in urban and rural areas, this is not a small number. Though recently established rural cooperatives are acting throughout diverse business sectors, cooperatives in agricultural sector, which engage in agricultural production, processing and sales, occupy the largest portion of all the rural cooperatives. There are two types of juridical person that are allowed to engage in the agricultural production, processing and sales by the laws. They are Farm Association and Agricultural Business Corporation. Now in rural Korea, farmers tend to establish cooperatives by the Framwork Act On Cooperatives which are in the same business sector with Farm Association or Agricultural Business Corporation. There are many needs to improve legislation regarding cooperatives. Above all, the laws about Farm Association and Agricultural Business Corporation are in urgent need of improvement for the emerging rural cooperatives to be treated fairly.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 1996

The paper examines the dividend on purchase and revolving funds system of fisheries cooperatives, and discusses how to reform the current revolving funds system. In general, there are two types of dividend that fisheries cooperatives pay to their members : (1) dividend on capital and (2) dividend on purchase or patronage dividend. During the last 5 years from 1990 to 1994, the rate of total dividend ranged from 7.5% to 8.6%. The average rate of dividend on capital and dividend on purchase are 7.3% and 0.5%, respectively. On average, the level of dividend on capital is almost 15 times as high as that of dividend on purchase. Since the dividend on purchase is supposed to be reinvested into capital by the Articles of the cooperatives, it is paid only if there are additional funds available after the payment of dividend on capital and is regarded as the secondary type of dividend. For this reason, even though most of fisheries cooperatives pay the dividend on capital, only a small number of cooperatives pay the patronage dividend. This means that most of cooperatives cannot materialize the managerial function of dividend on purchase to improve their operational efficiency under the current system of revolving funds. Therefore, the paper suggests that in the long run, the system of revolving funds should be reformed in the way that revolving funds could serve to complement equity capital for only a fixed time, after which they are repaid to members.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.108-120
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• 1997

Since domestic and international environments has changed rapidly, Korean primary agricultural coopratives are expected to face many difficulties in business management, especially marketing and banking business. Therefore, it is necessary to reframe the exitsting structure of primary agricultural cooperatives so as to enhance the competitiveness in terms of management efficiency. However, There are many problems to be solved such as overnumbered staffs compared with decreasing number of farming population, unbalanced ratio between executive officials and lower-level officials, complexity of position-ranking system resulting from unclearness of official title and office regulations, and management right excessively concentrated on cooperative leader. The suggested measures for such problems are as follows; 1) attaining the economy size of agricultural cooperaitves in line with decreasing rural community, 2) fostering the on-the job training programs and the personnel administration according to job competency, 3) merging the small primary cooperatives into larger units with efficiency, 4) specializing the cooperative business based on their regional comparative advantage, 5) maintaining the rational adjustment between elected cooperative leader's management right and responsibility.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.110-138
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• 1983

After Liberation of Korea, Korean fisheries economy fell into an exhausted conditions because of the damage of Japanese colonization policy and the Korean War, and fisheries organizations of those days established for the improvement of fishermen's welfare could not carry out their primary purposes and functions. Under such circumstances, Fisheries Cooperatives starting on April 1st in 1961 played a great role in settling the socio-economic confusion of those days. Fisheries financing was also more systematic and substantial after establishment of Fisheries Cooperatives. In fact fisheries industry was faced with much more riskiness than any other industry on account of its speciality and such a riskiness induced general financial institutions to be reluctant to lend money to the fishermen. In order to overcome such a capital rationing, it was necessary to establish the reciprocal financing system based on the principle of mutual protection of economic weakers. Credit business in Fisheries Cooperatives beginning in 1963 was mainly dependent on governmental fund as fund sources. But the size of fund was too small to satisfy fishermen's fund demand, therefore Fisheries Cooperatives carried out the movement of raising its own fund. As a result of the movement the ratio of its own fund to total funds amounted to 47.7% in 1980, but external funds still take a greater part of all funds. To settle the weakness of the ratio of its own fund and chronic deficiency of fund, a conclusion can be drawn as follows : 1. The enlargement of Fisheries Cooperatives' raising ability of funds. .The expansion of urban branch to absorb idle funds in urban area. .The diversification of financing service to compete with genetral financial institutions. 2. The enlargement of governmental fund and preferential treatment of fishermen's savings. 3. Vitalization of mutual finance and fixation of Fisheries Cooperatives' two-phase organization. 4. The re-enforcement of supervisory financing and post management system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2022.07a
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• pp.689-690
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• 2022

2012년 12월 사회적 경제 촉진 방안으로서 협동조합 기본법 제정 이래 3차에 걸린 개정을 해왔으며, 협동조합 중 소상공인협동조합의 경쟁력 강화와 자생력 제고를 위해 정부 및 지자체의 지속적인 경제적, 교육적 지원 노력에도 불구하고 현실은 소상공인협동조합의 영세성과 최근의 COVID-19사태 등 소상공인협동조합의 경제적 활로 개척 등이 쉽지는 않은 실정이다. 본 연구는 기존의 소상공인협동조합 관련 문헌 연구를 기반으로 하여 소상공인 관련 전문가 집단의 FGI를 통해서 소상공인협동조합의 현실적 어려움에 대한 대안적인 정책들을 수립하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.329-342
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• 1998

As we have said major contents in the background of inducing Mutual Credits, Agricultural Cooperatives' Mutual Credits are absolutely necessary to the development of rural community. In real aspects, since it has been introduced, Mutual Credits have contributed greatly to the rural prosperity, as we have studied in the actual state of Mutual Credits. But with the advent of WTO system, both the international situation of open-trade policy and the domestic one of free banking and deregulation were rapidly going on at the same time, there by Mutual Credits' business has been threated by them. So Mutual Credits had to seek some programs for development in order to solve the hard situation. Several points on development programs of Mutual Credits are as follows: (1) Realization of scale of economy by the way of M&A among small primary cooperatives (2) Development of new financial products for raising funds safely (3) Management-rationalization by automatic systems like cash dispenser and telebanking (4) Variation of business area (5) Enforcing economy-business part besides Mutual Credits' one among cooperative businesses (6) Government's successive support.