• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.29-48
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• 1999

Local two-phase flow parameters of subcooled flow boiling in inclined annulus were measured to investigate the effect of inclination on the internal flow structure. Two-conductivity probe technique was applied to measure local gas phasic parameters, including void fraction, vapor bubble frequency, chord length, vapor bubble velocity and interfacial area concentration. Local liquid velocity was measured by Pilot tube. Experiments were conducted for three angles of inclination; 0$^{\circ}$(vertical), 30$^{\circ}$, 60$^{\circ}$. The system pressure was maintained at atmospheric pressure. The range of average void fraction was up to 10% and the average liquid superficial velocities were less than 1.3 m/sec. The results of experiments showed that the distributions of two-phase How parameters were influenced by the angle of channel inclination. Especially, the void fraction and chord length distributions were strongly affected by the increase of inclination angle, and flow pattern transition to slug flow was observed depending on the How conditions. The profiles of vapor velocity, liquid velocity and interfacial area concentration were found to be affected by the non-symmetric bubble size distribution in inclined channel. Using the measured distributions of local phasic parameters, an analysis for predicting average void fraction was performed based on the drift flux model and flowing volumetric concentration. And it was demonstrated that the average void fraction can be more appropriately presented in terms of flowing volumetric concentration.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.619-629
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• 1998

An experimental work was conducted to investigate a feasibility of simultaneous measurement of gas-liquid two-phase flowrates with double orifice plates using air and water. The tests were carried out under the atmospheric pressure and at the ambient temperature using two different tube sizes. Qualities of an air-water flow in the present study have values less than 0.1 and thus the mixed flow showed bubbly, plug, slug flow regimes. The probability density function (PDF) and the power spectral density function (PSDF) of the instantaneous pressure drop traces for the flow regimes were obtained. It is found that some distinctive features exist in the distribution of these functions, depending upon the two-phase flow pattern. The time-averaged value of the instantaneous pressure drop increases with increasing gas and liquid flowrates, showing a single-valued function for the total mass flowrate and the quality. It is also found that the two-phase discharge coefficient exhibits a consistent trend for variation of dimensionless parameters such as the superficial velocity ratio and the gas Reynolds number. The results indicate that simultaneous measurement of two-phase flowrate may be possible based upon a statistical analysis of the instantaneous pressure drop curves monitored using double orifice plates.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
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• pp.2583-2588
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• 2008

In the present experimental study, the regime limit and pressure drop of dry-plug flow (dry wall condition at the gas portions of plug flow) in round mini-channels has been investigated. The air-water mixture was flowed through the round mini-channels made of Teflon, where the tube diameters ranged from 1.26 to 2.06 mm. For the present experimental range, with decreasing of the tube diameter, the transition between the plug and slug flows (wet and dry) happened at the higher gas superficial velocity region, which were in good agreement with the previous flow pattern maps tested. On the other hand, the transition between the wet- and dry-plug flows was little affected by the change of the tube diameter. In the pressure drop of dry-plug flows, among the correlations tested, the Lee and Lee's (2008) correlation best fitted the measured pressure drop data within the mean deviation of 10% for the present experimental range.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.384-398
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• 1996

An improved multi-channel Impedance Void Meter (IVM) is developed to measure an area-averaged void fraction. It consists of a main sensor, a reference sensor and a signal processor. The sensor was designed to be flush-mounted to the inner wall of the test section to avoid the flow disturbances. Guard electrodes are used to obtain evenly distributed electrical field in a measuring volume. A reference sensor is also installed to eliminate the drift in void signal caused by the changes in electrical properties of working fluid. The signal processor with three channels is specially designed so as to minimize the inherent error due to the phase difference between channels. As an example of applications, the mean and fluctuating components of void fraction are measured for bubbly and slug flow regime, and it is shown that IVM has good dynamic resolution which is required to investigate the structural developments of bubbly flow and the propagation of void waves in a flow channel.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.327-336
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• 2007

The influence of density differences on the mixing of the primary loop inventory and the Emergency Core Cooling (ECC) water in the downcomer of a Pressurised Water Reactor (PWR) was analyzed at the ROssendorf COolant Mixing (ROCOM) test facility. ROCOM is a 1:5 scaled model of a German PWR, and has been designed for coolant mixing studies. It is equipped with advanced instrumentation, which delivers high-resolution information for temperature or boron concentration fields. This paper presents a ROCOM experiment in which water with higher density was injected into a cold leg of the reactor model. Wire-mesh sensors measuring the tracer concentration were installed in the cold leg and upper and lower part of the downcomer. The experiment was run with 5% of the design flow rate in one loop and 10% density difference between the ECC and loop water especially for the validation of the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software ANSYS CFX. A mesh with two million control volumes was used for the calculations. The effects of turbulence on the mean flow were modelled with a Reynolds stress turbulence model. The results of the experiment and of the numerical calculations show that mixing is dominated by buoyancy effects: At higher mass flow rates (close to nominal conditions) the injected slug propagates in the circumferential direction around the core barrel. Buoyancy effects reduce this circumferential propagation. Therefore, density effects play an important role during natural convection with ECC injection in PWRs. ANSYS CFX was able to predict the observed flow patterns and mixing phenomena quite well.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.363-374
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• 2010

Appropriate scaling methods for wind tunnel modelling of building internal pressures induced through a dominant opening were investigated. In particular, model cavity volume distortion and geometric scaling of the opening details were studied. It was found that while model volume distortion may be used to scale down buildings for wind tunnel studies on internal pressure, the implementation of the added volume must be done with care so as not to create two cavity resonance systems. Incorrect scaling of opening details was also found to generate incorrect internal pressure characteristics. Furthermore, the effective air slug or jet was found to be longer when the opening was near a floor or sidewall as evidenced by somewhat lower Helmholtz frequencies. It is also shown that tangential flow excitation of Helmholtz resonance for off-centre openings in normal flow is also possible.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.130-132
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• 1962

A new method of evaluating the mixing time in the continuous flow stirred tank is herein proposed. Experimental results to test the concept are also presented.The mixing time is defined as the time interval between the injection of a slug of an electrolyte solution into the tank and the moment at which an essentially straight line begins on a plot of the conductivity of effluent versus time.The proposed method of measuring the mixing time is valid even for the low mixing time (5 seconds) and the results obtained agree well with previous work, where the mixing time measurements were carried out by the injection of a dye into the feed stream.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.595-604
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• 2005

A new instrument, an average BDFT (Birectional Flow Tube), was proposed to measure the flow rate in single and two phase flows. Its working principle is similar to that of the Pilot tube, wherein the dynamic pressure is measured. In an average BDFT, the pressure measured at the front of the flow tube is equal to the total pressure, while that measured at the rear tube is slightly less than the static pressure of the flow field due to the suction effect downstream. The proposed instrument was tested in air/water vertical and horizontal test sections with an inner diameter of 0.08m. The tests were performed primarily in single phase water and air flow conditions to obtain the amplification factor(k) of the flow tube in the vertical and horizontal test sections. Tests were also performed in air/water vertical two phase flow conditions in which the flow regimes were bubbly, slug, and churn turbulent flows. In order to calculate the phasic mass flow rates from the measured differential pressure, the Chexal drift-flux correlation and a momentum exchange factor between the two phases were introduced. The test results show that the proposed instrument with a combination of the measured void fraction, Chexal drift-flux correlation, and Bosio & Malnes' momentum exchange model could predict the phasic mass flow rates within a $15\%$ error. A new momentum exchange model was also proposed from the present data and its implementation provides a $5\%$ improvement to the measured mass flow rate when compared to that with the Bosio & Malnes' model.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2017

Wind-induced fluctuating internal pressures in a building with a dominant opening can be described by a second-order non-linear differential equation. However, the accuracy and efficiency of the governing equation in predicting internal pressure fluctuations depend upon two ill-defined parameters: inertial coefficient $C_I$ and loss coefficient $C_L$, since $C_I$ determines the un-damped oscillation frequency of an air slug at the opening, while $C_L$ controls the decay ratio of the fluctuating internal pressure. This study particularly focused on the value of loss coefficient and its influence factors including: opening configuration and location, internal volumes, as well as wind speed and approaching flow turbulence. A simplified formula was presented to predict loss coefficient, therefore an approximate relationship between the standard deviation of internal and external pressures can be estimated using Vickery's approach. The study shows that the loss coefficient governs the peak response of the internal pressure spectrum which, in turn, will directly influence the standard deviation of the fluctuating internal pressure. The approaching flow characteristic and opening location have a remarkable effect on the parameter $C_L$.

• 지질공학
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.127-142
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• 2022

This study explored the fluid transfer characteristics of simultaneous pneumatic blasting, plasma blasting, and vacuum suction (the PPV method), and assessed their effect. Chemical oxidation-an established soil remediation method-was compared as a control. Electrical resistivity surveys found that PPV reduced resistivity by about 1.5-2.5 times compared with the control group, indicating that it increased the diffusion of fluid between the injection and suction wells. Injection and suction tests comparing the injection flow rate, initial suction flow rate time, and suction flow rate showed that the PPV method offered an improvement over the existing method. Slug tests revealed that PPV increased the permeability coefficient by a greater amount than that by the control method. This study qualitatively and quantitatively confirmed that the PPV method clearly improves injection and suction efficiency by accelerating cracks in the ground and improving water permeability compared with the established chemical oxidation method.