• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-31
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• 1982

Factors affecting on dewatering characteristics of anaerobically digested or/and elutriated sludges were examined from 15 January 1982 to 30 April 1982, results obtained were as follows 1. Sludges, either anaerobically digested or/and elutriated sludges, which were produced at the Joong Rang Cheon Sewage Treatment Plant wore found to be compressive in its nature, coefficient of compressibility ranged from 0.83 for unelutriated and 1.10 for elutriated. 2. Dosage of FeC13 for the anaerobically digested sludges were difficult to establish for the most favorable dosage rate, though the filterability indicated linear improvement with increased dosage from dosing rate excess of over 15% in terms of dry solids by weight, under the conditions of this examination. Optimum filterability were obtained with 9~11% of $FeCl_3$ for elutriated sludges, and required CaO, as aids, were appeared to be 2.5~3.5 times that of the $FeCl_3$ at that point by weight. 3. The specific resistances for anaerobically digested sludges showed higher value than the elutriated one, being $11 \times 10^{12} ~ 20 \times 10^{12}$ cm/g with no chemical conditioning, and $2 \times 10^{12} ~ 11 \times 10^{12}$ cm/g with conditioned ($FeCl_3$ + CaO) contrast to $0.5 \times 10^{12} ~ 2.0 \times 10cm/g$ for the elutriated. 4. The strength of the alkalinities before and after elutriation were measured to 10,000 ~ 15,000 mg/l and 1,500 ~ 2,000mg/l respectively. These alkalinities affected greatly on the filterabilities together with concentration of the organic matters in the sludges. 5. The yields with 11% $FeCl_3$, by weight to the DS, on the elutriated sludges averaged to $14.7 kg/m^2.hr$, and $3.2kg/m^2.hr$ for unelutriated sludges. Which was 4.6 times of not elutriated sludges. Elutriated sludges without chemical conditioner added showed much better filterabilities than with 15% of $FeCl_3$ added to the anaerobically digested and unelutriated sludges.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.86-93
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• 2005

Because generally large amount of sludges are generated from the process of sewage and wastewater treatment, the management and controlment of those sludge has become a important issue in many researches. In this dissertation, we conducted the research to see the physico-chemical characteristics of sludges generated from various sources. Moisture of sludges were 81.5% in textile industries, 81.4% in frame metal industries, 80.7% in 1st metal industries. Volatile solid were 22.1% in hide · rubber industries, 21.9% in coke · petroleum industries. Fixed solid were 18.5% and 17.7% in the 1st metal industries and frame metal industries. High heating value by wet base were 1,850 kcal/kg in coke · petroleum industries, 1,220 kcal/kg in hide · rubber industries, but sludges from the 1st metal industries and frame metal industries were impossible to incinerate because most of those sludges were inorganic. The leaching test showed that hazardous materials was detected in nearly every kinds of sludges. Some of sludges from hide · rubber industries and frame metal industries exceeded the leaching criteria and so they were classified as specific wastes. And other sludges generated in sewage treatment plants or other industries was below the leaching criteria.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.21 no.3 s.61
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• pp.37-43
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• 2006

Recently, needs for reuse of sludge produced from WTP(water treatment plant) have been increased with shortage of landfill sites and difficulties of the treatment and disposal processes. Therefore, Reusing is becoming an Increasingly popular waste management alternative to divert waste from landfills. In order to research the characteristics of WTP sludges, we used the sludges of C WTP which intake the lake Dae-Cheong and the sludges of S WTP which intake Keum river, The specific surface area of C and S WTP sludges were $0.9986m^2/cc\;and\;1.874m^2/cc$, respectively. The gravity was about $2.0{\sim}2.4$ which are scope of peat or loamy clay. The major minerals of C WTP sludges were kaolinite(48.4%), muscovite(19.5%), and quartz(16.7%). Also, muscovite(31.6%), quartz(30.3%), and kaolinite(17.3%) in S WTP sludges were major minerals.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.231-239
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• 2000

Water treatment processes produce sludges resulting from water clarification. Sludge production amount increases each year and its treatment and disposal is growing to social problems according to water demand increase. Water treatment plant sludges can be modified to soil cover in sanitary landfill site through the lime treatment. Compression strength of $1.0kg/cm^2$ or more is recommended for soil cover material in municipal landfilling site. Compression and shear strength properties of modified sludges showed material property improvement applicable for soil cover alternatives. Solidification effect of the modified sludge was observed through the scanning electron microscope. Extraction tests for hazardous components in sludges revealed that extraction levels of cadmium, copper, and lead were below the regulated criteria. When adding 10% calcium hydroxide to water treatment plant sludges, the modified sludges can reach material properties for cover soil after 28 days solidification reaction.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.519-524
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• 2000

This study has been performed to evaluate the possibility of utilizing stone powder sludges from stone quarry and manufacturing plant as adsorbents for heavy metals in industrial wastewater. The stone powder sludges from stone quarry (IS-01) have the most effective adsorption capacity (above 95％ of initial concentrations) under the given experimental conditions of reaction times (Pb : 15 min, Cu : 2 hr, Zn : 48 hr), initial acidity of solution (pH>3) and dosage (sludge/liquid ratio : 0.02). The stone powder sludges from manufacturing plant (CW-01) show relatively high adsorption capacity (about 95％ of initial concentrations) only for Pb with a reaction times of 12 hours, initial acidity of solution (pH>3) and dosage (sludge/liquid ratio : 0.02). The stone powder sludges (IS-01) from stone quarry having relatively excellent adsorption capacity under the given experimental conditions show their potential utilization as heavy metal adsorbents.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2005

In order to compare bacteria] community structure and diversity in activated sludges, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) of PCR-amplified 16s rDNAs was analyzed for 31 domestic and industrial wastewater treatment plants (WTPs). Regardless of the characteristics of the wastewaters, the bacteria] community structures of activated sludges appeared diverse and complex. In particular, activated sludges in domestic WTPs contained higher bacterial diversity than those in industrial WTPs. It was also found that terminal restriction fragment (T-RF) profiles derived from domestic WTPs were very similar with each other, although activated sludges were collected from different plants at different locations. Interestingly, activated sludges of a WTP where restaurant and toilet sewages of a company were managed showed a bacterial community structure similar to that of domestic WTPs. Activated sludges in leather industria] WTPs also showed a high similarity. However, other wastewaters possessed different bacterial communities, so that overall similarity was as low as about $30\%$. Since activated sludges from WTPs for domestic wastewaters and a company sewage appeared to hold similar bacterial communities, it was necessary to confirm if similar wastewaters induce a similar bacterial community. To answer this question, analysis of T-RFs for activated sludges, taken from another 12 domestic WTPs, was conducted by using a 6­FAM$^{TM}$-Iabeled primer and an automated DNA sequencer for higher sensitivity. Among 12 samples, it was again found that T-RF profiles of activated sludges from Yongin, Sungnam, Suwon, and Tancheon domestic WTPs in Kyonggi-do were very similar with each other. On the other hand, T-RF profiles of activated sludges from Shihwa and Ansan WTPs were quite different from each other. It was thought that this deviation was caused by wastewaters, since Ansan and Shihwa WTPs receive both domestic and industrial wastewaters. From these results, it was tentatively concluded that similar bacterial communities might be developed in activated sludges, if WTPs treat similar wastewaters.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.348-350
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• 2003

Using acclimated sludges with inorganic nitrogen medium for three months and raw sludges, we investigated characteristics of biological nitrogen removal. As results, the acclimated sludges accomplished nitrification efficiently. But raw sludges have hardly done ammonium-nitrification and there was a increasing of ammonium concentration in flask with raw sludges for established experimental period of 72 hrs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.195-220
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• 1995

A lot of sludges occur during an activated sludge treatment process of the washing wastewater and by-product waste in the cuttlefish processing manufacture. The sludges give also out a bad smell, and their amicable reclamation is very difficult because of the limited area of the filling-up. To reduce the heavy weight and large volume of the sludges, they was burning up. After the burning up at 350t for 2hrs the weight(volume) of the sludges were reduced to 5% level of the initial value. In contents of the bad heavy metals for human after the burning up, cadmium and lead metal were slightly detected, while mercury and the bad others not detected.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 2004

In this study, we carried out the research for the recycling potential of the dyeing wastewater treatment sludges as construction materials. The incineration ash of sludges were solidified as interlocking block in condition of sludge/cement ratio 2.5%, 5.0% and 10%, respectively. Those interlocking blocks were cured for 3days, 7days and 28days in ambient air condition, respectively. The results of this research were summarized as follows: The dyeing wastewater treatment sludges was below the Korea Leaching Limit. After incineration, the ash was manufactured as interlocking block. Bendable strength over 50kg$_{f}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$ suitable for interlocking block was obtained only when the sample was cured for 7days at sludge/cement ratio 2.5% and 5.0%. Hygroscopic ratio of interlocking block was above the Korea Industry Standard. We think that recycling of the incineration ash from dyeing wastewater treatment sludges to interlocking block will have high potential possibility.y.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.30-34
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• 2014

To apply paper mill sludges to soil as fertilizer, paper mill sludges were investigated to predict suitability and maleficence for soil. Newspaper and Printed Paper sludge were analyzed by IC (Ion Chromatography) and ICP-OES (Induced Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer). As a results, harmful materials in two types of sludges were below standard by notified Ministy of Environment (ME). Also ionic substances causing the water pollution in sludges were less than the standard value by notified ME. Thus sludges from newspaper and printed paper is presumed that there are no water pollution and soil contamination.