• 한국전산유체공학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2006

The characteristics of turbulent flow and mixing in a small can type combustor are investigated by means of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Attention is paid for a combustor having a baffle plate with oxidant injection and fuel injection holes and study is made for three cases of different baffle plate configurations. From the result, it is confirmed that mixing is promoted by interaction between the jets during their developing process and large vortical flows generated in the vicinity of the combustor wall or fuel jet front. This particular flow feature is effective to accelerate the slow mixing between fuel and oxidant suffering from low Reynolds number condition in such a small combustor. In particular, the vortical flow region ahead of fuel jet plays an important role for rapid mixing. Discussion is made for the time and space averaged turbulent flow and scalar quantities which show peculiar characteristics corresponding to different vortical flow structures for each baffle plate shapes.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 The 6th International Symposium of East Asian Resources Recycling Technology
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• pp.715-718
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• 2001

This study uses traditional alum coagulation and sedimentation process to treat CMP wastewater from cleaning after polishing. The primary goal is to successfully recycle both solid fines and water for semiconductor manufacturing. Results indicated that CMP wastewater may be successfully treated to recover clean water and fine particles by alum coagulation. The optimum operating conditions for coagulation are as fellowing: alum dosage of 10 ppm, pH at 5, rapid mixing speed at 800 rpm, 5 min rapid mixing time, and long slow mixing time. The treated water with low turbidity and an average residual aluminum ion concentration of 0.23 ppm may be considered for reuse. The settled sludge after alum coagulation contains mainly SiO$_2$particle with a minor content of aluminum (1.7 wt%) may be considered as raw materials for glass and ceramic industry.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.379-384
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• 2005

In this research, coagulation was employed as the pretreatment for membrane process. The effective coagulation conditions were decided after the discussion of different coagulant doses and mixing conditions, etc. Raw water was taken from Nakdong River. The best operation occurred when G value was $230s^{-1}$ and the slow mixing lasted around 5 minutes at G value was $23s^{-1}$. To investigate the optimum coagulant dosage, the optimum organics removal was target as organic removal reduces membrane fouling effectively than particle removal. This result indicated that organics are more important causes than turbidity for membrane fouling. However, turbidity becomes an important factor after certain amount of organic matters is removed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.533-542
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• 2015

Little human tissue data are available for slow waves and migrating motor complexes, which are the main components of small bowel motility. We investigated the electrophysiological and mechanical characteristics of human ileal motility, in vitro. Ileum was obtained from patients undergoing bowel resection. Electrophysiological microelectrode recordings for membrane potential changes and mechanical tension recordings for contraction from smooth muscle strips and ileal segments were performed. Drugs affecting the enteric nervous system were applied to measure the changes in activity. Slow waves were detected with a frequency of 9~10/min. There were no cross-sectional differences in resting membrane potential (RMP), amplitude or frequency between outer and inner circular muscle (CM), suggesting that electrical activities could be effectively transmitted from outer to inner CM. The presence of the interstitial cell of Cajal (ICC) at the linia septa was verified by immunohistochemistry. Contractions of strips and segments occurred at a frequency of 3~4/min and 1~2/min, respectively. The frequency, amplitude and area under the curve were similar between CM and LM. In segments, contractions of CM were associated with LM, but propagation varied with antegrade and retrograde directions. Atropine, $N^W$-oxide-L-arginine, and sodium nitroprusside exhibited different effects on RMP and contractions. There were no cross-sectional differences with regard to the characteristics of slow waves in CM. The frequency of contractions in smooth muscle strips and ileal segments was lower than slow waves. The directions of propagation were diverse, indicating both mixing and transport functions of the ileum.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.899-906
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• 2011

Generally, load conditions of machine or structure in fatigue destruction is occurred not under single load conditions but under mixed load conditions. However, the experiment under mixing mode is insufficient because of no having test standard to the behavior of crack under mixing mode and variety of test methods, and many tests are required. In this paper measured crack direction path by created figure capture system when a experiment. Also, we studied by comparison the behavior of crack giving the change of stress ratio and inserting beach mark. Through the test under mixing mode, advancing path of crack is indicated that advancing inclined angle ${\Theta}$ (direction of specimen length) has increased depending on the increase of mixed mode impaction. It is indicated that according to the increase of mixed mode loading condition impaction under mixing mode, advancing speed of crack gets slow. Also, we found that inner crack(cross section of specimen) is progressed more rapidly than outer crack based on data through beach mark.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2010

탄성포장은 보행자의 만족감이 매우 높아 수요가 지속적으로 증가할 것으로 예상되나, 탄성포장의 재료 배합기준 즉, 합성고무 칩(EPDM chip)과 폴리우레탄 바인더의 적정배합기준이 미비하여 시공 시 많은 시행착오를 겪고 있는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 조경용 탄성포장의 폴리우레탄 바인더 배합비에 따른 결합력과 반발탄성의 변화를 실험을 통해 분석하고, 이를 바탕으로 적정한 재료배합 비율을 제시하고자 하였으며, 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 인장실험에서는 시료 B와 시료 C가 바인더 배합비율과 인장강도 간에 강한 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타나, 배합비율이 증가하면 인장강도가 증가한다는 것을 알 수 있다. 경도실험에서는 시료 A,시료 B,시료 C모두 바인더 배합비율과 경도 간에 통계적으로 상관관계가 없는 것으로 나타나, 탄성포장재의 경도는 바인더의 배합비율에 따라 달라지지는 않는 것으로 판단된다. 반발탄성실험에서는 시료 A와 시료 B가 배합비율과 반발탄성 간에 강한 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타나, 배합비율이 증가하면 반발탄성이 낮아진다는 것을 알 수 있다. 실험결과를 바탕으로 적정배합비율을 분석해 보면 인장강도의 경우, 인장강도의 증가가 둔화되거나 오히려 감소하는 배합비율 포인트는 20%이며, 반발탄성의 경우, 반발탄성이 급격하게 감소하는 배합비율 포인트는 22%이다. 따라서 두가지 요인을 감안할 때, 적정 배합비는 20~22% 사이로 판단된다. 본 연구의 결과는 조경용 탄성포장 시공 시 결합력과 탄성을 제고할 수 있는 재료배합의 지침을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2005년도 추계 학술대회논문집
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• pp.27-30
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• 2005

In a microfluidic chips pressure driven flow or electro-osmotic flow has been usually employed to deliver bio-samples. Flow in the chips is usually slow and the mixing performance is poor. A micro-mixer with a rapid mixing is important for practical applications. In this study a newly designed and electro-osmotic driven micro-mixer is proposed. This design is comprised of a channel and a series of metal electrodes periodically attached on the side surface. In this configuration electro-osmotic flows and the stirring effects are simulated three-dimensionally using a commercial code, CFD-ACE. Focus is given the effect on the electro-osmotic flow characteristics under the local variation of the electric field.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.122-124
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• 1962

The silver halide precipitate tends to separate in curdy form of flocculated colloid when it is precipitated by direct mixing of reactant solutions. This type of precipitate has a great tendency to adsorb or occlude foreign ions in the solution.When silver halide in precipitated from homogeneous solution using the slow hydrolysis of Alkyl halide or Ally halide, the precipitate becomes dense, filterable and uniform in particle size which is very advantageous in gravimetric analysis.We found that silver halide precipitates obtained from homogeneous solution with hydrogen halide formed by the hydrolysis of alkyl halide do not give the color change with fluorescein as adsorption indicater, while silver halide precipitates obtained by direct mixing method give sharply pink color which appear to be uniformly distributed through the solution in silver ion excess.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1998

In a diesel engine the phenomenon of spray impaction on a combustion chamber wall has been taken as an undesirable matter because of the deposition of fuel on the surfaces, and the subsequent slow evaporation and mixing with air resulting in unburned hydrocarbons. Therefore many researches have concentrated on avoiding fuel impaction on surfaces. On the contrary done a number of studies using spray wall impactions in a positive way, which makes the droplets smaller, changes the direction into free spaces far from the wall and also improves mixing with air. In this paper the angle variations of the impaction land sufrace prepared for the injection spray is analysed as a simulative manner. The spray dispersions, vapor distributions and flow fields are compared with impacting angle variation. The results show more angle give more vapor distribution until $15^{\circ}$.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.82-90
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• 1996

In a diesel engine the phenomenon of spray impaction on a chamber wall has been taken as an undesirable matter because of the deposition of fuel on the surfaces, and the subsequent slow evaporation and mixing with air resulting in unburned hydrocarbons. Therefore many researches have concentrated on avoiding fuel impingement on surfaces. On the contrary done a number of studies using spray wall impactions in a positive way, which makes the droplets smaller, changes the direction into free spaces far from the wall and also improves mixing with air. In this paper the size of the impaction site prepared for the injection spray which is raised from the bottom in the piston bowl center is analysed as both simulative and experimental manner.