• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.119-132
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• 1985

The apparent effectiveness of 1-naphthyl-N-methyl carbamate (carbaryl) against a wide variety of insects motivated the study of its mammalian toxicity. In this toxicological study of carbaryl, mature male rats inhaled carbaryl at a mean concentration of 112mg, 168mg and 224 mg/$m^{3}$ for one hour. After inhalation, pentobarbital sleeping time, Nadph-cytochrome c reductase activity, cytochrome p-450 and protein content in liver microsomes, various tissue residues, cholinesterase inhibition in plasma and histopathological findings at autopsy were observed. The pentobarbital sleeping time was prolonged in rats inhaled with carbaryl for one day while the sleeping time was shortened in the 3 days inhaled group. The changes of cytochrome p-450 content and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity exhibited biphasic response showing the decrease in the one day inhaled group and the increase in the 3 days inhaled group. The marked depression of plasma ChE activity was observed in rats inhaled with carbaryl at 112 mg/$m^{3}$, however no more progressive effect was observed at the higher concentration of the compound. The main observations in histopathological finding were ciliary detachment, epithelial swelling and subepithelial inflammatory cellular infiltration in trachea due to the irritation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2008

The MeOH extract of seeds of Cerbera odollam Gaertn. (Apocynaceae) was screened for its antibacterial, cytotoxic and neuropharmacological activities. The extract showed moderate anti-bacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, Streptococcus saprophyticus, and Streptococcus pyogenes. It exhibited high level cytotoxicity against brine shrimp ($LC_{50}$: $3\;{\mu}g/ml$). The extract potentiated pentobarbital induced sleeping time in mice which was further supported by the exploratory behavior test at dose of 25 mg/kg. The overall results tend to suggest the antibacterial, cytotoxic and CNS depressant activities of the extract.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2009

This study aimed to examine the urban families and rural families in tenns of life styles on Saturday-with-no-school. The subjects were the 386 parents whose children were in the first or second grade in rural or urban area. The instruments of analysis were time diary method and parents' stress scale developed by Kim & Kang(l997). The main results were as follows: First, in comparison with urban children, rural children spent more time in viewing TV and playing computer but spend less time in sleeping. field trip and cleaning on Saturday-with-no-school. Second, the difference of child-rearing time between mothers and fathers was less marked in urban area than in rural area. Rural fathers spent more time in watching TV or playing computer, while rural mothers spent more time in feeding and bathing of their children, helping their children do homework, and total child-rearing. Third, unlike urban parents, rural parents ddid not have much parenting stress on Saturday-with-no-school. These results show that there is a need to focus on rural parents in the preparation for introduction of 5 days-school-week system.