• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.163-179
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• 2017

Objective: The purposes of this study are to test a direct effect of mother-child interaction and to examine the mediating effect of children's smart media use on a child's sleeping hours. Methods: We analyzed the longitudinal data of 1,494 children from the $6^{th}$ panel study of Korean children collected by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education in 2013, which examined 5-year-old children. The main analysis method was Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Results: The study results showed that mother-child interaction had a direct effect on the child's sleeping hours. Children's smart media use also directly influenced the child's sleeping hours. In regard to mediation, the results revealed that children's smart media use mediated the relationship between mother-child interaction and child's sleeping hours. Conclusion/Implications: Bidirectional mother-child interaction and the degree of smart media use played an important role in children's sleeping hours. This study suggests policy and practical implications in order to retain children's healthy sleeping hours.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.265-273
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the children's sleeping patterns, such as the sleeping hours and the nature of sleep disruptions following hospitalization and its accompanying factors. The data were collected from December, 1997 to March, 1998 using a questionnaire developed by researchers. The subjects were 76 children in a hospital. The results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The average sleeping hours (sleep duration) at night were 10 hours and 10 minutes and 9 hours and 9 minutes before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.01). The average sleeping hours in the day time were 1 hour 28 minutes and 2 hours and 26 minutes before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference(P<0.01). 2. The mean bed time(sleep onset) was 10: 22 pm and 10 : 28 pm before and after hospitalization respectively. There was no significant difference. 3. The mean hour of rising(sleep termination) was 7: 54 am 7 : 08 am before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.01). 4. The mean number of sleep disruption was 0.72 and 1.94 before and after hospitalization respectively. There was a significant difference(P<0.01). The sleep disruptions were influenced by crying of other children(53.9%), lights(28.9), nursing procedures(18.4%), noise of TV(17.l%) and noise of visitors (15.8%).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.1 s.33
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• pp.44-54
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of thickness of the sleeping pad on the physiological responses and the microclimate in the heating ondol room during sleeping time. The measuring points were skin temp., weight loss and body movement as physiological responses and the compression ratio, the temp. on/under the sleeping pad, the inside limp. of the sleeping quilts and subjective sence while 7 hours sleeping. Thickness of sleeping pads was 27.2 mm(A), 34.8 mm (B), 47.9 mm(C) used for 90 days and no used pad 60.7 mm(D). The floor surface temp. was keeping $29{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ while the environmental conditions was at $23{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ ($50{\pm}5\%$ R.H.) The results were as followings; 1) The mean compression ratio after using the sleeping pads for 45 days was about $70\%$ , and it wasn't increased any more thereafter 2) After 2 hours sleeping the temp. under the sleeping pads was shown that C and D were higher than A and B, and the temp. on the sleeping pads was shown that A and C pads were higher than B and D. But after 3-4 hours sleeping the skin temp. of legs was shown that B and D pads were higher than A and C. 3) Weight loss for C pad was significantly higher than others. Body movement and side position in tying was higher in A and C pads than B and D. 4) The inside temp. of quilt for A and C pads were higher in the early part of sleeping period than those of B and C pads and relative humidity was lower in C than others. 5) D pad was softer than others and fatigue degree was turned out to be lowest in D, the highest in A. From this point of view, we concluded that thickness of the sleeping Pad in the heating ondol room had different characteristic from that in no heating ondol room. And 35 mm used pad was turned out to be proper.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2011

Sedative method and its effect are affected by diverse variables: dosage and intake method of drug, weight, gender, patient compliance, sleeping hours prior to procedure, treatment hours, health status, type of used drugs are the factors. This study is conducted with empirical observation that shorter the sleeping hours before the day of chloral hydrate sedation, the effectiveness is larger; and therefore to actually recognize the correlation between chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine sedation and sleeping hours of child patient prior to sedation. The subjects were those children whose sleeping hours were similar to each other at the ages ranging from 2 to 5 years old totaling 37 children. Total 11 of them received pulp treatment. Sedative effect was evaluated by the same assessor with Houpt's rating scale. Sedative effect in relation with prior day's sleeping hours evaluated with simple regression analysis. Sedative effect in relation with pulp treatment was analyzed with independent t-test. Sleeping hours prior to sedation and sedation effect have negative correlation. No significant correlation is found between pulp treatment and sedation effect(p>0.05).

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.27 no.1 s.45
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• pp.74-83
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• 1994

To investigate the sleeping patterns and gastrointestinal disorders of shift workers, the author studied 434 female workers who worked at textile industry ill Taejon city from September 1,1992 to September 31,1992. Shift pattern were divided into 3 categories ; 3 shift(shifts per 8 hours), 2 shift(day and night shift) and day work. The results obtained were as follows : 1 The average sleeping hours when adjusted for the education level of the total study subjects was 6.1 hours. That of 3 shift workers was 6.1 hours, 2 shift workers was 6.0 hours, but that of day workers was 6.5 hours. There were no significant difference among the shift workers. 2. For the 3 shift workers, the average physiologic adjusted duration in day shift (2.2 days) was shorter than that of night shift(2.7 days) and there were significant difference among the rotating shift works (p<0.001). The sleeping problems in day shift was less than those of night shift (p<0.001). 3. 44.9% of 3 shift workers, 39.3% of 2 shift workers and 33.1% of day workers complained gastrointestinal symptoms when adjusted for the age, education level, job tenure, work post. And the rates of gastrointestinal symptoms complained increase with job tenures (p<0.001). 4. The most frequent gastrointestinal diseases were gastitis and gastric ulcer with 14.2% , Irritable bowel syndrome with 3.1 %, duodenitis and duodenal ulcer with 2.1% and combined gastrointestinal disease with 2.1%. Age, eating habit, amount of coffee per day, job tenure, work post and shift pattern showed no significant difference with the gastrointestinal diseases when adjusted for the age. According to the above results, the author suggested that the shift pattern and job tenure can affect to the sleeping problem and gastrointestinal symptoms.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-77
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• 2007

Background & Objective, Methods: This study aims to analyze the reason why if university students feel lack of sleep and study how much we know about correct sleeping habits and thus increase attention on correct sleeping habits and prepare plans for applying this into our lives thus 210 male and female students from 2 universities in Daegu were studied during May 10 and 15 of 2006 and the summary and results are as follows. Results: Sleeping is very important since it as much as takes about 1/3 of our lives. However, most of students do not sleep well. Therefore, this study researched the reason for not sleeping well and the status on incorrect sleeping habits subjecting 210 university students. The results of this research showed that average sleeping hours are for $6{\sim}8$ hours and majority of students went to bed before lam and got up before 7am. Majority of students went to bed late to watch TV or doing computers from both male and female students followed by attending various gatherings. It took $10{\sim}20$ minutes to fall asleep and reasons for waking up while sleeping was with no special reason. The most sleepy time was after meals at 39% followed by during class, during daytime, while using transportations. More female students answered to take nap than male students and majority of them answered as taking nap for less than 2 hours. And, 51% answered that they slept well and 49% answered that they did not, and majority of them answered the reason for not sleeping well as being sensitive, or because of dreams and nightmares. Chronic fatigue was the biggest cause for lack of sleeping followed by fall in concentration, skin diseases. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that we need to take plenty of sleep by exercising regularly or sleeping for daily appropriate hours, maintaining peaceful mind before going to bed, avoid taking naps and limiting the time for watching TV and doing computers to develop correct sleeping habits. Also, we hope that it will Provide an opportunity to live healthy and quality lives mentally as well as physically by realizing and practicing the importance and necessity of sleeping.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relationship between fatigue and sleep disturbance in adult women so as to provide basic data for developing a women's health promotion program and nursing intervention. Method: A convenience sample of 184 women who visited a Well-baby clinic at P city Maternal child center during October in 2004 was obtained. Data was collected by self-administered questionnaires. Results: The Subjects' mean age was 36.87 years and 70% were employed and had more education than high school. The mean level of fatigue was 56.65, mean sleeping hours were 6.54, and time until falling asleep was 17.58 minutes. Scores of fatigue differed by subject's age, level of education, and menstruation status. In addition, sleeping hours differed by age, occupation status, and income level. There were significant low levels of correlation between fatigue and sleeping hours (r=-.16) and getting up too early (r=-.15). Conclusion: This study concludes that fatigue and sleeping patterns have a significant relationship.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.181-189
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors influencing sleep among Korea adolescents. Methods: This was a secondary data analysis of the 7th-8th National Health and Nutrition Survey 2016-2020. Participants were 1,984 people age 12-18. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, χ² test, and complex sample multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The risk of sleeping more than 10 hours was 2.50 times higher in normal subjects, than subjects underweight in body weight perception (95% CI= 1.29-4.81). The risk of sleeping more than 10 hours was 2.10 times higher in overweight subjects, than subjects underweight in body weight perception (95% CI= 1.14-3.87). The risk of sleeping less than 8 hours was 1.36 times higher in subjects high in stress status, than subjects low in stress status (95% CI= 1.05-1.75). The risk of sleeping more than 10 hours was 1.99 times higher in subjects who had not eaten, than subjects who had been eating breakfast (95% CI= 1.11-3.55). Conclusion: Thus, it is necessary to intensify sleep management required through proper health behavior as well as the mental health management of adolescents and improvement in eating behavior.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1_2 s.25
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• pp.13-19
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• 1979

Circadian susceptibility of sleeping induced by pentobarbital was observrd in male DDO mouse treated with phenobarbital and ginseng saponin. The pentobarbital elimination rate was also measured in the same animal. The mouse had been maintained for one week under 12 hours of artificial illumination extending from 06:00 to 18:00 hours alternating with 12 hours of darkness. During the period the animals were administered intraperitoneally with 100mg/kg of phenobarbital for three days or 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg of ginseng saponin for seven days. At 24 hours after last injection pentobarbital sleeping time and elimination rate were measured following intraperitoneal administration of 50mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium. In a control group treated with saline, the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep varied with circadian rhythmicity, which had a trough at 02:00 hours of light phase and a crest at 14:00 hours of dark phase. And the elimination rate measured at 02:00 hours was faster than that at 14:00 hours. Pretreatment with phenobarbital markedly shortened the pentobarbital steeping time and abolished the circadian rhythmicity. Those were correlated with the increased pentobartital elimination by phenobarbital throughout light and dark phases examined. Ginseng saponin, given for seven days in a dose of 10mg/kg or 100mg/kg, did not affect the circadian rhythmicity of sleeping and the elimination rate. Sleeping time during light phase, however, was somewhat shortened in ginseng treated animals, which was not matched with the finding of unaltered elimination rate. It seemed that the central nervous system stimulating effect of ginseng saponin might be involved in the findings observed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.185-198
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• 2022

Purpose : We conducted a study to propose comparing subjective sleeping states data that was collected through scientifically measuring by using smartwatch and surveys for seafarers. In addition, we conducted a study to provide sleep though analysis of the environmental factors that influence the sleep efficiency of seafarers. Methods : For scientific measurement of seafarers' sleeping states, we measured the sleep hours and sleep efficiency for at least 3 days by using the healthcare function of smartwatches which are wearable devices. As for subjective sleeping states, we collected data on sleep hours and satisfaction rates on the quality of sleep through a survey. Lastly, as for the environmental factors that affect the sleep efficiency which is measured by smartwatches such as physical environment, bedroom space, bedroom furniture, bedding, a survey by self-evaluation method was conducted. Results : There were significant differences in the scientific sleep hours measurement values for all seafarers and the average sleep hours in the subjective survey. There were significant differences in the scientific sleep efficiency measurements of all the seafarers and the sleep satisfaction of the subjective survey, and there was no correlation between the scientific sleep efficiency and the subjective sleep satisfaction of all the seafarers. Among the environmental factors affecting the sleep efficiency of the seafarers, humidity variable had the most influence, and vibration and illuminance variables were also shown to have a very significant effect. Conclusion : We propose the measuring method that can analyze the quantitative and qualitative sleep states of the seafarers by using small activity recorders. In addition, it is very important to control humidity, vibration, and illuminance among ship environmental factors, and comfort, noise and bedroom size should also be reflected.