• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제11권12호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2013

B-MAC 프로토콜은 WSN을 위해 설계된 적용적인 프리엠블 샘플링 기법을 사용하는 잘 알려진 MAC 프로토콜이다. 이 논문에서 우리는 B-MAC 보안 취약성에 관해 살펴보았으며, 슬립 거부 공격의 취약성과 재연공격 문제에 따른 B-MAC 프로토콜의 각 단계에 소비되는 전력을 분석하였다. 연구결과로부터 일반적인 B-MAC 통신을 위한 신뢰성, 효율성, 보안을 제공하는 전력에 효율적인 인증 기법의 필요성에 대해 고찰하였다. 이 연구는 B-MAC에서 전력소비와 가능한 서비스 거부 공격 취약점에 대한 사례연구이다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5593-5597
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• 2012

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the group therapy on psychological symptoms and quality of life of patients with early stage breast cancer. Methods: This study was performed on 16 breast cancer patients who completed treatments. The total group therapy program involved a weekly session of 2-3 hours, for 16 weeks. The group therapy sessions were given to women in the oncology department by a clinical psychologist and also given training sections by the different professional teams. All the required assessments for the study were performed after and before 16 week group therapy intervention. Results: Initially we had taken 21 women but 16 participated in all therapy programs and submitted questionnaires. The mean age was 47.8 years. There were significant differences between before and after group therapy program. Anxiety, depression, and distress showed significant improvements. Hopelessness scale was detected at the border of significance. There was no change in sleep problems and quality of life. According to the analysis of correlation, considering the age factor and year of diagnosis, there was found no statistically significant relationship between anxiety, distress, depression, hopelessness, sleeplessness, and quality of life. Conclusions: This pilot study demonstrated that brief, predominantly group therapy is feasible for patients with breast cancer and, also it may be helpful to cope with emotional and physical distress.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.194-197
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• 2021

End-of-life assessments aim to help dying patients and their families plan clinical interventions in advance and prepare them for a peaceful end of life, in which the patient accepts life and death, and the family accepts the patient's departure. It is important to assess whether death is imminent within a few days, because critical hospice care is provided intensively during that period. The following five changes constitute objective evidence of the end of life: diminished daily living performance, decreased food intake, changes in consciousness and increased sleep quantity, worsening of respiratory distress, and end-stage delirium. As subjective evidence, it is suggested that sensitive perceptions of experienced nurses and the feelings of family members caring for patients should also be considered. When notifying a patient or family members that the end of life is approaching, the members of the multidisciplinary hospice team must communicate with each other, share accurate information, and provide consistent explanations. They must also listen to non-verbal communication in an empathic and supportive manner.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제31권spc호
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• pp.577-590
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find out the suicidal ideation rate of the elderly including individual and regional factors by sex. Methods: This is secondary analysis study that combines the data of the 2017 Community Health Survey with the e-indicator data set of the National Statistical Office, and a descriptive correlation study. Statistical analysis used hierarchical logistic regression by SAS 9.4. Results: The 11.5% of the elderly had suicidal ideation within the last year, and 18.4% in Chungnam is the highest. Individual characteristics include females, older people, lower education levels, no job or housewife, no spouse, less than seven hours of sleep per day on the average, low subjective health, high subjective stress, and the worse their economic conditions, the more they had suicide ideation. Considering regional characteristics, suicidal ideation tended to increase significantly as the number of hospital beds per 1,000 people and the rate of obesity was lower, the rate of stress perception was higher, and the odds value was small. When both individual and regional factors were considered, the model conformity of the suicidal ideation improved (ICC=0.0814). Conclusion: In order to lower the suicidal rate of the elderly, it seems that both individual and community factors need to be comprehensively approached from the stage of suicidal ideation in the community.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.78-90
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• 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to review relevant clinical studies to investigate the effectiveness of herbal medicines for night terror in children. Methods Studies on herbal treatment for night terrors were searched and analyzed through electronic databases such as PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, CiNii, J-STAGE, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System and Science ON. Studies included Randomized controlled trials, case series, and case reports. Results A total of 25 studies were selected and analyzed. In most studies, improvement of night terrors was observed after treatment, such as high total effectiveness. In one study, the frequency of night terrors was decreased significantly in herbal medicine group. Conclusions Based on the results of the clinical studies, we identified that herbal medicine is an effective treatment for night terror. But it is considered necessary to prove the effect and safety through additional systematic clinical studies.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study is to report the effect of Korean-western combination treatment in two patients with Herpes Zoster. Methods : During hospitalization, two patients were treated with Galgeunkilkyung-tang, acupucture, pharmacopuncture, antiviral agents, painkiller. To evaluate the effect of this treatment, we used Numeric Ration Scale(NRS) and Quality of Sleep(QSP). Results : After treatment, NRS and QSP of 2 patients were improved remarkably. Conclusions : According to the result, these finding suggest that Korean-western combination treatment can be effective for the treatment of herpes zoster.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-35
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• 2024

Background: This study investigated a safe and effective bolus dose and lockout time for patient-controlled sedation (PCS) with dexmedetomidine for dental treatments. The depth of sedation, vital signs, and patient satisfaction were investigated to demonstrate safety. Methods: Thirty patients requiring dental scaling were enrolled and randomly divided into three groups based on bolus doses and lockout times: group 1 (low dose group, bolus dose 0.05 ㎍/kg, 1-minute lockout time), group 2 (middle dose group, 0.1 ㎍/kg, 1-minute), and group 3 (high dose group, 0.2 ㎍/kg, 3-minute) (n = 10 each). ECG, pulse, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, end-tidal CO₂, respiratory rate, and bispectral index scores (BIS) were measured and recorded. The study was conducted in two stages: the first involved sedation without dental treatment and the second included sedation with dental scaling. Patients were instructed to press the drug demand button every 10 s, and the process of falling asleep and waking up was repeated 1-5 times. In the second stage, during dental scaling, patients were instructed to press the drug demand button. Loss of responsiveness (LOR) was defined as failure to respond to auditory stimuli six times, determining sleep onset. Patient and dentist satisfaction were assessed before and after experimentation. Results: Thirty patients (22 males) participated in the study. Scaling was performed in 29 patients after excluding one who experienced dizziness during the first stage. The average number of drug administrations until first LOR was significantly lower in group 3 (2.8 times) than groups 1 and 2 (8.0 and 6.5 times, respectively). The time taken to reach the LOR showed no difference between groups. During the second stage, the average time required to reach the LOR during scaling was 583.4 seconds. The effect site concentrations (Ce) was significantly lower in group 1 than groups 2 and 3. In the participant survey on PCS, 8/10 in group 3 reported partial memory loss, whereas 17/20 in groups 1 and 2 recalled the procedure fully or partially. Conclusion: PCS with dexmedetomidine can provide a rapid onset of sedation, safe vital sign management, and minimal side effects, thus facilitating smooth dental sedation.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.751-757
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this study was to provide basic background information on stroke by evaluating various etiological factors on the basis that the onset time of cerebral infarction varies according to its cause. Methods : We studied hospitalized patients within 4 weeks after their ictus who were admitted at Kyunghee OMC, Kyungwon OMC, or Donguk Ilsan OMC from [month] $1^{st}$, 2005 to June $30^{th}$, 2007. We compared the general characteristics of acute stroke patients according to onset time. Results : Regardless of the onset time, the distribution of cerebral infarction patterns showed high SVO. The onset time did not show significant difference for average age, height, weight, BMI, waist measurement, hip measurement, or waist/hip ratio between onset during sleep and awakening. Patients whose stroke occurred while awake were more likely to have a past history of HTN, DM, ischemic heart disease, or atrial fibrillation but did not show significant difference according to their onset time. Conclusions : The above results show that the overall tendency of acute stage cerebral infarction patients varies according to their onset time. This study was carried out on the basis of previous findings that cerebral infarctions that occurred during sleep were more likely to have been caused by cerebral thrombosis, and strokes that occurred while awake were more likely to have been caused by cerebral embolism. However, there were no statistically relevant results, so a larger study group is needed to research the tendency of stroke patients.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2005

전신상태가 양호하며 2회 이상의 치료가 필요한 남아 10명, 여아 12명 총 22명의 환아를 대상으로 chloral hydrate($Pocral^{(R)}$ syrup, 한림제약) 60mg/kg와 hydroxyzine($Ucerax^{(R)}$정, 한국 유씨비제약) 25mg을 병용투여한 군과 midazolam($Dormicum^{(R)}$, 주, 한국로슈) 0.5mg/kg과 hydroxyzine($Ucerax^{(R)}$ syrup, 한국 유씨비제약) 25mg을 병용투여한 군을 각각 I군과 II군으로 구분하였다. 약물 투여 30분 후 치과 치료를 시행하였으며 치료과정을 6단계로 구분하여 각 단계별로 수면지수와 울음지수, 움직임지수, 전반적인 행동지수를 측정, 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전반적인 행동지수를 기준으로 성공률을 평가한 결과 I 군은 59.2%, II군은 77.3%의 성공률을 보였다(p<0.05). 2. 수면지수는 I 군에서 평균 $1.81{\pm}0.93$으로 II 군의 $1.44{\pm}0.69$에 비해 유의하게 깊은 수면상태를 보였다(p<0.05). 3. 울음치수, 움직임지수, 전반적인 행동지수는 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 4. 성별에 따른, 연령에 따른 군 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 위와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 midazolam의 경구투여는 적절한 진정효과를 가지는 방법으로 어린환자의 치과치료시 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2004

Midazolam은 현재 치과에서 널리 사용되고 있는 의식하 진정용 약물이다. 그러나 주로 경비투여로 사용될 뿐 경구투여 특히 소아에서 경구투여에 대한 지침이 언어 본 연구를 통해 midaaolam의 경구투여 시 진정효과에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 전신상태가 양호하며 2회 이상의 치료가 필요한 남아 15명 여아 13명, 총 28명의 환아를 대상으로 midazolam($Dormicum^{(R)}$, Roche)을 경비투여 (0.2mg/kg)와 경구투여 (0.5m/kg)하여 치과치료를 시행한 후 치료과정을 6단계로 구분하여 각 단계별로 수면지수와 울음지수, 움직임지수, 전반적인 행동지수를 측정, 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 치료과정동안 수면지수와 울음지수, 움직임지수, 전반적인 행동지수 비교 시 I군(경비투여)과 II군(경구투여) 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(p>0.05). 2. 보호자 설문조사 결과 I군에서는 67.8%의 보호자가 투여 시 아이가 고통스러워한다고 답하였으며 T군에서는 17.8%의 보호자가 투여에 어려움이 있다고 답하였다. 3. 귀가 후 행동양상에 대한 질문에서 '평상시와 비슷하다'가 I군에서는 78.6%, II군에서는 57.1%로 경비투여 시 더 빠른 회복을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 위와 같은 결과를 종합하여 볼 때 midazolam의 경구투여는 경비투여와 유사한 적절한 진정효과를 가지면서 환자에게 더 잘 받아들여지는 투여방법으로 생각된다.