• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-62
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• 2012

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by identity and interpersonal problem, affective dysregulation and pervasive severe impulsivity. Although sleep disturbances are not primary symptoms of BPD, they are important aspects of this disorder. However, clinicians and researchers did not give much attention to the sleep symptoms of BPD yet. Measured by nocturnal polysomnography, increased sleep latency as well as reduced total sleep time and sleep efficiency, and 'depression-like' REM abnormalities (i.e., reduced REM latency and increased REM density) are found in BPD patients. Co-morbid sleep disorders such as chronic insomnia, nightmare disorder or circadian rhythm sleep disorder associated with BPD have been reported. Clinicians should focus on the sleep complaints of BPD patients, and carefully manage such symptoms with sleep hygiene education, cognitive psychotherapy or light therapy.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-33
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• 1998

Sleep and Epilepsy either represent the opposite and independent spectrum of episodic manifestations from brain or closely interact with each other. Sleep or sleep deprivation may provoke epileptic seizures or activate epileptiform discharges in epilepsy patients whereas epilepsy may alter the sleep structure. Sleep stages are also known to influence pathophysiology of seizures in terms of ictogenesis. In this review, the impact of sleep on epilepsy as well as that of epilepsy on sleep are presented. Additionally the interaction between sleep and epilepsy will be discussed. This review will also comment on the differential diagnosis between nocturnal or sleep-related epilepsy and various sleep disorders. Finally, clinical application of the above perspectives of sleep and epilepsy will be suggested for the purpose of a better management of epilepsies.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2020

An infant's sleep varies considerably from that of adults in terms of structure, amount, and breathing pattern. After birth, sleep becomes evenly distributed throughout the day and night. Nighttime sleep gradually increases with the maturation of circadian rhythm, and sleep is gradually consolidated. Electroencephalography characteristics change with age, from early and dominant active (REM) sleep in newborns to increasing NREM sleep. Similar to other elements of growth, the upper respiratory tract and ribcage gradually increase in size with age, and respiratory control also improves. With these changes, sleep patterns also change. At this time that various sleep disorders may appear. Improved understanding of age-dependent changes in infant sleep can help determine the etiology and facilitate diagnosis of infant sleep diseases.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2004

Digital polysomnography was developed to overcome the limitations of Rechtschaffen and Kales rule and to compensate the shortcomings of paper polysomnography. It enables easy access to and secure preservation of sleep records, and provides various displays of sleep data to enhance efficiency of visual scoring of sleep records. Rechtschaffen and Kales rule had been criticized for its ambiguity and lack of considerations in spatial information of EEG. As sleep records are acquired and processed in digital mode, they can be analyzed at microscopic and macroscopic levels. Digital analysis of sleep records provides the basis for development of new sleep measures. Sleep staging in digital polysomnography is based on the various analyses of EEG. Sleep apnea, hypopnea and periodic limb movement are detected automatically by digital analysis of respiratory signals and leg EMG. Digital polysomnography plays a complementary role to visual scoring and compensates the limitations of paper polysomnography. Digital polysomnography, including acquisition, processing and analysis of sleep records in digital mode, can be a great help in the development of sleep medicine, enabling the development of new sleep measures and the exchange of sleep records between sleep laboratories.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 2017

The use of alcohol is associated with the development and worsening of sleep disorder. Alcohol is generally known to have a sedative effect, but it has an arousal or sedative effect depending on the timing and drinking dose and directly affects REM sleep physiology. Alcohol acts on the central nervous system (CNS) to interfere with the sleep-wake cycle and to affect sleep-related hormone secretion. In addition, the ingestion of alcohol pre-sleep is associated with deterioration and development of sleep related breathing disorders (SBD). The increase in resistance of the upper respiratory tract and the decrease in sensitivity of the CNS respiratory center and the respiratory muscles are major mechanisms of alcohol-induced SBD, and result in snoring or apnea in healthy men or aggravating apnea in patients with OSA. Sleep-related restless leg syndrome and circadian rhythm disorders are common in alcohol use disorder patients. This review provides an assessment of scientific studies that investigated on the impact of alcohol ingestion on nocturnal sleep physiology and sleep disorders.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.98-104
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess sleep quality and to identify predictors of poor sleep quality in nursing students. Methods: The participants surveyed were 302 individuals at G College located in Kangwon-do. The participants completed the questionnaire including demographic characteristics, health behavior, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) for sleep quality. The BMI was calculated using height and weight. For the statistical analysis, $X^2$ test, Spearman correlation, and logistic regression were performed using the SAS window (version 9.2) program. Results: From the 302 individuals, 219 (72.5%) had poor sleep quality. The results showed significant correlations between physical activity and sleep quality, as well as between sleep duration and sleep quality. The BMI and sleep quality did not show any significant relationship. The factors affecting sleep quality were sleep latency (OR, 4.167; 95% CI, 1.406-12.344), sleep duration (OR, 6.717; 95% CI, 2.386-18.912), and sedentary hours (OR, 2.971; 95% CI, 1.095-8.064). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that poor sleep quality is common in nursing students, and intervention study is needed to improve sleep quality in nursing students. Additional studies are needed to determine the relationship between BMI and sleep quality.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.8
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• pp.1149-1160
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• 2021

Lack of sleep time increases risks of fatigue, hypomnesis, decreased emotional stability, indigestion, and dementia. The risks can be reduced by providing eyelid-warming, inducing sleep and improving sleep quality. However, effective warming temperature to an person varies depending on physical condition and the individual. The various types of frequencies can be identified in brain wave from a person and amount of frequencies is also changed continuously before and after sleep. Therefore we can identify the user's sleep stage with brain wave, namely EEG. Effective sleep induction is possible if warming temperature to a person is controlled based on EEG. In this paper, we propose customized warming control techniques based on EEG for a efficient and effective sleep induction. As an experiment, sleep induction effects of standard sleep mask and customized temperature control techniques sleep mask are compared. EEG data and warming temperature were measured in 100 experiments. At customized warming control techniques, experiments showed that the ratio of alpha and theta waves increased by 3.21%p and the time to sleep decreased by 85 seconds. It will contribute to effective sleep induction and performance verification methods in customized sleep mask systems.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.276-289
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• 2022

Objectives: Child and adolescent sleep is an important factor for brain and physical development. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in children and adolescents and determine the type of utilization of medical institutions. This study analyzed the prevalence and type of medical institutions in Korean children and adolescents with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders. Methods: This study used data recorded in the Health Insurance Review and Assessment-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) database from 2010 to 2017. Details of medical institution type and patient's sex, age, and treatment type were extracted for patients younger than 20 years with sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders. Results: Among 2,536,478 patients under age 20, we identified 3,772 patients with sleep disorders or nonorganic sleep disorders. From 2010 to 2017, the prevalence of sleep disorders in children and adolescents was 0.07% to 0.09%. The utilization rate of Korean medical institutions was 30.47%. The prevalence of nonorganic sleep disorders and the utilization rate of Korean medical institutions were 0.06% to 0.08% and 45.99%, respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of sleep disorders and nonorganic sleep disorders in the under-20 population was 0.14% to 0.16%. More than 70% of patients with nonorganic sleep disorder who were younger than 9 years used Korean medical institutions.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Changes in core body temperature are closely related to initiation and maintenance of sleep, and are influenced by various factors such as air temperature, room temperature, clothing, human activities, and medications. These factors are closely related to sleep fragments, insomnia and other sleep disorders. Understanding the effect of the temperature related to human surroundings on the core body temperature and sleep, will be useful for understanding the physiology of sleep and to treat sleep disorders.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.56-60
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• 2009

Excessive daytime sleepiness in childhood might be abnormal phenomenon and often related to the sleep disorders or insufficient sleep duration. The most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness would be insufficient sleep. However, narcolepsy, idiopathic hypersomnia, circadian rhythm sleep disorders, medication, medical illness and other sleep disorders that could cause insomnia and poor quality of sleep also result in excessive daytime sleepiness. The misdiagnosed and untreated excessive daytime sleepiness in childhood can lead to serious developmental and educational problem.