• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.118-127
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• 1999

The aim of this study was to establish the method of differential diagnosis between developing and regressing corpus luteum in cows. Plasma progesterone (P$_4$) concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in slaughtered, cycling and pregnant cows. Ultrasonography was used to measure the corpus luteum size and histogram values for determining the correlationships between corpus luteum area or histogram values and plasma P$_4$ concentrations. The corpora lutea were monitored in vitro (water-bath scanning) by using ultrasonography with 7.5 MHz linear-array transducer in 196 slaughtered cows. The correlation coefficient between corpus luteum area and plasma P$_4$ concentrations was 0.46 (p<0.01), and between histogram values and plasma P$_4$ concentrations was -0.44 (p<0.01), respectively. The corpora lutea were monitored by ultrasonography with 5.0 MHz linear-array transrectal transducer in 188 cycling and 30 pregnant cows. The corpus luteum areas and plasma P4 concentrations were significantly different between regressing and other corpora lutea (p<0.01), and also histogram values were significantly different between regressing and developing corpola lutea (p＜0.01). The correlation coefficients between corpus luteum areas and plasma P$_4$ concentrations were 0.76 (p<0.01), 0.71 (p<0.01), 0.65 (p＜0.05) and 0.68 (p<0.05), and between histogram values and plasma P$_4$ concentrations were 0.74 (p<0.05), 0.71 (p＜0.01), -0.52 (p<0.05) and 0.65 (p＜0.05) in developing, functional, regressing and pregnant corpora lutea, respectively. These results indicate that corpus luteum areas and plasma P$_4$ concentrations were highly correlated in all stages of corpus luteum. The histogram values and plasma P$_4$ concentrations were positive correlated in developing, functional and pregnant corpora lutea, but negative correlated in regressing corpus luteum. Therefore, the measurement of corpus luteum area and histogram value by ultrasonography is reliable method for the assessment of luteal function, specially developing and regressing corpus luteum.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.138-144
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• 1999

To establish the differential diagnosis and treatment method in bovine ovarian cysts, specially ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, serum progesterone (P$_4$) concentration and ultrasonography for measuring the cystic wall thickness and diameter of cyst and corpus luteum were investigated from slaughtered cows with ovarian cysts. Ovarian cysts were classified 8 types by the number of cyst, cystic wall thickness and present of corpus luteum. Ovarian cysts with corpus luteum were 11 (13.6%) of 81 cows and ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were 70 (86.4%) cows. The incidence rates of 8 various types of ovarian cysts were as follows; 2Ba 33.3%, 2Aa 25.9% and 2Bb 14.8%, respectively. The incidence rates of ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were follicular cyst 59.2% and luteal cyst 27.2%. The cystic wall thickness were 2Ab 3.7 mm and 2Bb 3.5 mm, and the serum P4 concentrations were above 2.0 ng/ml in 1Aa, 1Ab, 1Ba, 2Ab and 2Bb, respectively. In ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, the correlation coefficients between corpus luteum area and serum P$_4$ concentration were 0.45. In ovarian cysts without corpus luteum, there was significantly positive correlations between cystic wall thickness and serum P$_4$ concentration ($r^2$= 0.54, p＜0.01). These results indicate that PGF$_2$$\alpha$ analogues can be choice for treatment of ovarian cysts with corpus luteum and above 3 mm the cystic wall thickness because serum P$_4$ concentrations were above 2.0 ng/ml in ovarian cysts with corpus luteum and thickened cystic wall. In conclusion, it is suggest that ultrasonography is useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis and selection of treatment remedy in cystic ovaries of bovine.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.236-246
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• 2023

Background: This study helps to evaluate the Ovarian potential of Cameroonian Zebu cattle (Bos indicus) slaughtered in Etoudi - Yaoundé for implementing Assisted Reproductive Techniques (ARTs). The aim was to enhance the productivity of the cattle sub-sector in Cameroon while conserving local genetic resources. Methods: A total of 144 cows, including 94 cycled cows and 50 pregnant cows, were included in the study. Live weights were determined by measuring the thoracic perimeter of each cow using a Rondo measuring tape. Age was determined postmortem through examination of dentition and horns, while the uterus and ovaries were removed, weighed, and classified based on physiological status (pregnant or nonpregnant). Follicles were counted, and their diameters were measured and categorized into small (Ø < 3 mm), medium (Ø 3-8 mm), and large (Ø > 8 mm). Results: The results revealed an average follicular population of 32.02 ± 9.31 per cow, with 22.43 ± 8.45 small follicles, 8.42 ± 3.87 medium follicles, and 0.76 ± 0.34 large follicles. The weight of the right ovary was significantly higher than that of the left ovary (p < 0.05), and cows aged 6 to 9 years exhibited a higher number of follicles compared to other age groups. Cows with medium (BCS = 3) and large (BCS = 4-5) body reserves had the heaviest ovaries. Additionally, pregnant cows had heavier uteri compared to non-pregnant cows, and cows with a body condition score of 3 or higher had higher uterine weights than lean cows (BCS = 1-2). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that age, body condition score, and pregnancy status influence ovarian weight. Body Condition Score serves as a reliable indicator of cow nutritional status, and cows with BCS of 3-5 are excellent candidates for in vitro production of embryos.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.235-243
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• 1987

This paper deals with the distribution of Yersinia spp. isolated from the feces or the cecal contents of 1,755 pigs, 558 cows, 428 pigs slaughtered, 271 dogs slaughtered and 91 deer during the period of March 1985 to February 1986. Isolated Yersinia spp. were examined for serotype, biotype and antibiotic susceptibility of Y. enterocolitica. The results were as follows; One hundred and fourty-three stains of Yersinia spp. were isolated from 141(4.5%) out of 3,103 animals examined and their isolates were identified as Y. enterocolitica(138 strains), Y. kristensenii (3 strains), Y. intermedia(1 strain) and Y. pseudotuberculosis(1 strain). Yersinia spp. were isolated from 122(7.0%) of 1,755 pigs in piggeries, 15(3.5%) of 428 pigs slaughtered and 4(1.5%) of 271 dogs slaughtered, but no Yersinia spp. were isolated from cows and deer. The isolation rate of Yersinia spp. in pigs ranged from 5.9~8.0% in piggeries, it was higher in summer and autumn and highest in fattening pigs groups(10.4%), especially. One hundred and thirty-eight Y. enterocolitica isolates belonged to serotype 0 : 3(95 strains), 0 : 8(13 strains), 0 : 5(7 strains), 0 : 9(6 strains), 0 : 1, 2(1 strain) and untypable(16 strains), among them strains of serotype 0 : 3 biotype 3B(91 strains) were predominant. Antibiotic susceptibility test of 138 isolates of Yersinia spp. was performed by the agar dilution method, using 8 antibiotics as follows: ampicillin(Am), chloramphenicol, kanamycin, nalidixic acid(Na), rifampicin(Rf), streptomycin, sulfadimethoxine(Su) and tetracycline. All the strains tested were susceptible to Rf and Na, but resistant to Su, and 136 strains(98.6%) were also resistant to Am.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2000

To establish the differential diagnosis and treatment method in bovine ovarian cysts, specially ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, serum progesterone ($P_4$) concentration and ultrasonography for measuring the cystic wall thickness and diameter of cyst and corpus luteum were investigated from slaughtered cows with ovarian cysts. Ovarian cysts were classified 8 types by the number of cyst, cystic wall thickness and present of corpus luteum. Ovarian cysts with corpus luteum were 11 (13.6%) of 81 cows and ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were 70 (86.4%) cows. The incidence rates of 8 various types of ovarian cysts were as follows; 2Ba 33.3%, 2Aa 25.9% and 2Bb 14.8%, respectively The Incidence rates of ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were follicular cyst 59.2% and luteal cyst 27.2%. The cystic wall thickness were 2Ab 3.7mm and 2Bb 3.5mm, and the serum P4 concentrations were above 2.0 ng/$m\ell$ in IAa, tAb, IBa, 2Ab and 2Bb, respectively In ovarian cysts with corpus luteum, the correlation coefficients between corpus luteum area and serum $P_4$ concentration were 0.45. In ovarian cysts without corpus luteum, there was significantly positive correlations between cystic wall thickness and serum $P_4$ concentration($r^2$ = 0.54, p<0.01). These results indicate that $PGF_2$$\alpha$ analogues can be choice for treatment of ovarian cysts with corpus luteum and above 3mm the cystic wall thickness because serum $P_4$ concentrations were above 2.0 ng/$m\ell$ in ovarian cysts with corpus luteum and thickened cystic wall. In conclusion, it Is suggested that ultrasonography is useful diagnostic tool for diagnosis and selection of treatment remedy in cystic ovaries of bovine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 2004

To establish the differential diagnosis and functional status in ovarian cystic cows, progesterone(P$_4$) and estrogen(E$_2$) level of cystic follicular fluid, ultrasonography for measuring the cystic diameter and thickness of cystic wall, and histological findings were investigated in cystic ovaries from slaughtered Korean native cows. Ovarian follicles were classified as systic if the diameter was greater than 25 mm by ultrasonography. Ovarian cysts < 3 mm of cystic wall thickness, < 10 ng/ml P$_4$ concentration and >10 ng/ml E$_2$ concentration were classified follicular cyst, ovarian cysts 3 mm of cystic wall thickness, 10 ng/ml P$_4$ concentration and <10 ng/ml E$_2$ concentration were classified luteal cyst, and ovarian cysts 3 mm of cystic wall thickness, < 10 ng/ml P$_4$ concentration and <10 ng/ml E$_2$ concentration were classified non-functional ovarian cyst, respectively. Also ovarian cysts were classified 8 types by anatomical and hisctological findings. Ovarian cysts with corpus luteum were 3 of 73 cows and ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were 70 cows. The incidence rates of 8 various types of ovarian cysts were as follows; 2Aa 56.2%, 2Ba 20.5% and 2Ab 15.1%, respectively. The incidence rates of ovarian cysts without corpus luteum were follicular cyst 76.7% and luteal cyst 19.2%. The thickness of cystic wall were lAb 3.9 mm, 2Ab 3.3 mm and 2Bb 3.2 mm, and the cystic fluid P$_4$ concentrations were above 10.0 ng/ml in lAb, 2Ab and 2Bb, respectively. There was significantly correlations between the thickness of cystic wall and cystic fluid P$_4$ concentration in ovarian cysts(p<0.05). The ovarian cyst was classified follicular cysts, luteal cyst and non-functional ovarian cyst by hormone analysis. The luteal cyst was accuratly dignosed by cystic wall thickness. But follicular cysts was misdiagnosed 13 cows of 56 cystic cows. The 13 cystic cows was determined as had non-fuctional ovarian cysts. The cystic fluid P$_4$ concentration was 3.3 ng/ml in follicular ovarian cysts and 30.1 ng/ml luteinized ovarian cysts. There was significantly positive correlations between thickness of cystic wall and serum P$_4$ concentration in follicular(r$^2$ =0.59, p<0.001) and luteal cysts(r$^2$=0.65, p<0.001). These results indicated that ovarian cysts had various stages of degeneration and luteal cyst was accuratly diagnosed measurement of cystic wall thickness by ultrasonography, but follicular cysts was not diagnosed only cystic diameter and cystic wall thickness. In conclusion, it is suggest that ovarian cysts was diagnosed by combination of clinical sign and anatomical cystic features.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 1980

The udders of 28 culled dairy cows were removed at slaughter and bacteria isolated. Isolations of major known mammary pathogens comparised Staphylococcus sp. (40.7%), non-identified Gram's negative rods (33.2%) and E. coli (7.4%). In the mixed infection, Staphylococcus sp. was most frequently involved. Drug sensitivity tests were performed on several bacterial species by disc method. These tests indicated that the microorganisms isolated from clinical mastitis of dairy cows were more resistant to antimicrobial agents than the organisrms isolated from milk samples.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.291-298
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• 2008

We separately cultured follicular oocytes collected from individual ovaries of slaughtered Korean native cows and examined both the embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate after embryo transplantation according to the meat yield and quality grades of the source beef carcass. Oocytes from meat yield grade B cows exhibited a higher fertilization rate and embryonic developmental rate to the eight-cell stage than oocytes from grade A or C animals (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in rate of development to the blastocyst stage among meat yield grades A, Band C. The oocyte cleavage rate and development rate to the eight-cell stage from meat quality grade 3 cattle was higher than grades 1++, 1+, 1 and 2 (p<0.05). Embryos derived from grade animals displayed a development rate to the blastocyst stage of 19.4%, which was also higher than all other meat quality grades (p<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade A ovaries led to a higher pregnancy rate (64.2%) than in vitro-cultured oocytes from meat yield grade B ovaries (56.5%), but there was no significant difference between the two groups in pregnancy or abortion rates. In conclusion, embryonic development rate and pregnancy rate has a close relation to meat quality grades of the source beef carcass, this results is to give information for the Korean native cows improvement of breed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.157-165
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• 2020

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the quality of dry-aged beef from cull Hanwoo cows slaughtered at 60 or 80 months old. Methods: A total of eight cull Hanwoo carcasses with a quality grade of 3 (low-grade) were selected and divided into two age groups: 63.5±2.5 months old (n = 4) and 87.8±4.5 months old (n = 4). Whole longissimus thoracis et lumborum from the 11th rib to the last lumbar vertebrae, including the back fat, was removed from the carcass at 24 h postmortem and aged for 50 days in darkness at a temperature of 2℃±1℃, a relative humidity of 85% and an air flow of 2 m/s. The sampling was performed aseptically after 0, 20, 24, 40, and 50 days of aging. Results: Regardless of the aging period, aging increased the lightness (p<0.05), redness (p<0.05) and yellowness (p<0.05) at initial blooming (90 min after slicing) and the overall acceptance (p<0.05). No further tenderization effect was found after 20 days of aging, but aging for 50 days significantly increased the lipid oxidation (p<0.05). The generation of aroma volatiles in the roast steak from aged samples was higher (p<0.05) than that of non-aged samples. No significant effect of age at slaughter was found on the color, pH, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, shear force value, bacterial counts, volatile basic nitrogen, consumer acceptance, lipid oxidation, fatty acid composition or aroma volatiles. Conclusion: The quality of dry-aged beef obtained from cull Hanwoo cows slaughtered at either 60 or 80 months old with similar quality grade was comparable and extending dry aging for more than 40 days is not recommended considering the costs and further lipid oxidation.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2006

To evaluate the functional status of ovarian cyst in Korean native cows, progesterone ($P_4$) and estrogen ($E_2$) level of cystic follicular fluid, ultrasonography for measuring the cystic diameter and thickness of cystic wall, and histological findings were investigated in cystic ovaries from slaughtered Korean native cows. Ovarian cysts were classified as single follicular cyst 51 cows (59.3%), multiple follicular cysts 19 cows (22.1%), single luteal cyst 13 cows (15.1%) and multiple luteal cysts 3 cows (3.5 %) by anatomical and ultrasonography. Ovarian cysts were classified as follicular cysts (54 cows), luteal cyst (16 cows) and non-functional ovarian cyst (16 cows) by hormone analysis, anatomical finding and ultasonography The luteal cyst was accurately diagnosed by cystic wall thickness, but follicular cysts was misdiagnosed 16 cows of 70 cystic cows The cystic fluid $P_4$ concentration was 3.3 ng/ml in follicular cysts and 30.1 ng/ml luteal cysts. There was significantly positive correlations between cystic wall thickness and serum $P_4$ concentration in follicular ($r^2=0.59$, p<0.001) and luteal cysts ($r^2=0.65$, p<0.001). These results indicated that ovarian cysts had various stages of degeneration and luteal cyst was accurately diagnosed measurement of cystic wall thickness by ultrasonography, but follicular cysts were not diagnosed only cystic diameter and cystic wall thickness.