• KIEAE Journal
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2007

Nowadays, housing density in a city is getting higher, and this trend is expected to continue in the future. Therefore, Skyscraper is considered as future alternative architecture beyond symbolic meaning in aspect of demand and supply of urban land. However, skyscrapers which were newly built in Korea have many problems such as consumption of enormous amounts of energy, destruction of natural environment, and traffic jam. And from now on, environment-friendly development of skyscraper is urgently needed. However, plans or evaluation standards, which take account of the environment-friendly aspect of skyscraper, leave much to be desired. And especially it is hard to find environment-friendly skyscrapers. Therefore, this study aims to find realistic alternative solutions of environment-friendly skyscraper through analysis of the works of Ken Yeang who has been known as bio-climatic architect and tried to apply environment-friendly plans to skyscraper.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-33
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• 2023

Air Rights techniques, including floor-area ratio (FAR) transfers, FAR bonuses, and FAR storage, have been widely applied among skyscraper constructions in New York City for profit maximization goals. Since 1916, air rights regulations in New York zoning system have been revised and improved over the years to cater the urban development needs of different periods, and they also result in typical skyscraper block typologies. This research firstly performed spatial overlay analysis to reveal the spatial correlation between skyscraper blocks and air rights application blocks; secondly, Spacematrix parameters and cluster analysis are applied to divide the skyscraper urban block of New York City into four categories. Compared with air rights application data, the research attempts to illustrate how various air rights techniques have acted on the formation and evolution of skyscraper block typologies in the pre-1916, 1916-1961, 1961-2010, and 2010-present periods respectively, in order to reveal the relationship between public policies and urban morphology in a broader sense and also provide references for policy making in future.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Today, most architectural and engineering historians no longer consider the Home Insurance Building to be the first skyscraper. Despite this, the popular belief remains that William Le Baron Jenny invented the first skyscraper when he designed the Home Insurance Building in 1884. This paper recounts the history of how Jenney won the public debate starting in 1896, despite his building being only a small evolutionary step forward. In that year, a series of letters in The Engineering Record allowed Jenney and his colleagues to engage in a public relations campaign to recast the debate about the first skyscraper to place the Home Insurance Building as the pivotal structure in skyscraper history.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to extract the sustainable characteristics of skyscraper housing design. Method: The method of the study was literature survey and content analysis techniques, and the target cases were 8 skyscraper housing design projects awarded from eVolo Skyscraper international competition. The sustainable features for analysis were categorized into social, cultural, economical and ecological sustainability and total 26 elements. Result: As a result, important elements were extracted, and profiles of elements in the projects were delineated, out of 26 design elements: 'Aesthetics', 'Climate Change', 'Resource Using Efficiency', 'Technical Innovation', 'local Employment' were shown dominant. While 8 projects showed the whole range of 26 elements, even though the project what by now is still an important problem for skyscraper, the result gives an insight into future sustainable skyscraper housing design.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2009년 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.355-360
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• 2009

Nowadays, the condition of overcrowded cities has raised a question which is insufficient land in cities, and has gotten worse because of the influx of the population continuously. It has rapidly constructed a skyscraper increasingly that the solution to secure a living space against these overcrowded cities until 2000, but these are already positioning itself as one of the new type of residence. The necessity of skyscraper as facilities of residence inside cities has be available both a solution for overcrowded cities and a meaning for a symbol of its represented a landmark. However, constructing skyscrapers indiscreetly can not guarantee dweller's life environment, and it contains risks unless design and facilities criteria are provided. Now, a skyscraper as a new substitute constituting a living space in the future for overcrowded cities deals with a systematic correlation between a city and construction. Therefore the aim of this study were to indicate a method for improvement of dweller's life environment at skyscraper through establishing a point of reference to inculcate them for a sustainable skyscraper from now on.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.571-581
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• 2002

Near VoD (Video on Demand) 시스템을 위하여 많은 주기적 브로드캐스팅 방식(Periodic Broadcasting Scheme)들이 제시되었다. 이들 중 non-uniform 세그멘테이션 기법들이 uniform 세그멘테이션 기법보다 초기지연시간이 짧고 버퍼의 양을 적게 사용하므로 널리 사용된다. 그러나, 이들 방법들은 CBR 방식으로 인코딩 된 비디오의 전송을 위하여 제시되었다. CBR 비디오들은 VBR로 인코딩된 비디오 보다 용량이 크다. 따라서 VBR 비디오를 사용하므로써 성능의 향상을 꾀할 수 있다. VBR 비디오를 브로드캐스팅하는 기존의 연구가 있으나 이들은 화질의 손실을 가져온다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 CBR 비디오를 브로드캐스팅 하기 위한 대표적인 non-uniform 세그멘테이션 기법인 Skyscraper 브로드캐스팅 방식을 수정 하여 VBR 비디오를 브로드캐스팅 할 수 있도록 하였다. VBR 비디오는 선반입(prefetch)를 이용하면 CBR 방식으로 전송할 수 있다. 이를 이용한 수정 Skyscraper 브로드캐스팅 방식을 제안하고 성능평가를 하였다 성능평가 결과, 제시한 방식이 짧은 초기지연시간과 적은 버퍼를 필요로 함을 보였다

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

[Purpose] Recently, skyscrapers have sharply increased throughout the world, including South Korea. Although a skyscraper has its own merit such as the landmark of a city, it also has various problems like massive energy consumption. This study is aimed to establish the concept of environment-friendly skyscraper and propose a plan to realize skyscraper after analyzing the architectural, facility and environmental friendly elements of skyscrapers. [Method] This study lists up skyscrapers over 40 floors and 200 meters high. Upon 10 constructed buildings, it analyzes their basic plans and the green building technologies applied to them and suggests effective and environment-friendly architectural plan. [Result] This study examined the distinctions of the layout, shape, facade, and floor plan plane of 10 skyscrapers and found out specific techniques to be used for the use plan of natural energy, plan for saving resources and reducing wastes and a plan for environmental architecture and system.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.137-144
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• 2016

This paper discusses the economics of skyscraper construction in Manhattan since 1990. First the paper reviews the economic theory of skyscraper height. Next it documents the frequency and heights of skyscraper construction in the last 25 years. Then the paper reviews the relative movements of office rents, condominium prices, and construction costs. Statistical results suggest that the resurgence of Manhattan's skyscraper construction is being driving by the rise in the average price of apartments, and is not being driven by rising office rents or falling construction costs. Statistical evidence shows that the height premium has not been rising over the last decade. Developers have been purchasing air rights (and bidding up the prices) in order to satisfy the demand for supertall buildings. In the next five to ten years, Manhattan is likely to see over thirty 200-meter or taller buildings, as compared to only four since 2010.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 초고층 건물의 정의, 초고층 건물의 건설동향을 시대 순으로 정리하여 특징과 흐름을 알아보았다. 초고층건물의 건설이 늘어나는 추세에서 화재발생시 비상계단을 이용한 피난의 유형을 6가지로 정하고 각각의 유형별 실증실험을 실시하였다. 초고층 건물의 화재발생을 고려한 비상계단의 대피에 따른 어려움을 실험 참가자들의 시간 측정 및 정성적인 평가를 통해 각각의 장애요소들을 정리하여 초고층 건물의 비상계단 대피에 대한 기초 자료를 정리하였다.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2022

Debates on what is the first skyscraper have been ongoing from time to time since the construction of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago in 1885, which is generally recognized as the first built skyscraper. This paper attempts to verify this assertion through a detailed investigation after identifying the criteria that characterize a skyscraper. By considering and examining several competing buildings for the title of "first skyscraper" in terms of their levels of satisfying these criteria, the paper reconfirms that the Home Insurance Building in Chicago indeed qualifies as the first skyscraper and is the harbinger of future skyscrapers. By introducing technological and associated architectural innovations in this pioneering building, its designer William Le Baron Jenney paved the way for the construction of future skyscrapers. In traditional construction, heavy masonry walls especially at lower levels did not allow large window openings in exterior walls that would permit ample daylight. For the Home Insurance Building, originally built with 10 stories, Jenney created a metal-framed skeletal structure that carried the building's loads, making the building lighter and allowed for large windows permitting ample natural light to the building's interior. The exterior iron columns were encased in relatively small masonry piers mainly for fireproofing, weather-protection and façade aesthetics. Relying on the structural framing on the building's perimeter, the exterior masonry thus turned into a rudimentary "curtain wall" system, heralding the use of curtain wall construction in future skyscrapers. This building's innovative structural system led to what is known as the "Chicago Skeleton," and eventually produced remarkable skyscrapers all over the world.