• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 1979

The present study has the purpose of investigating various growth and developmental aspects of rabbit snout with the aid of metallic implantation and of improving on the indirect method of growth and developmental studies of its skull. Sixty-eight growing albino rabbits were used. A head holder, film holder, cephalometer, metallic implanting device and implant materials were designed and constructed by the author. Eight metallic pins were implanted with a metallic implanting device in the rabbit snout under general anesthesia. Two metallic pins were implanted on each side of the interfrontal suture and another two were put on each side of the internasal suture near the frontonasal suture. Serial cephalograms were taken with a two-week interval, using the head holder, film holder and cephalometer. Eight items of linear measurement were obtained from the film. On the base of the results of the study, the following conclusions are obtained: 1. The metallic implant method is better than the other indirect methods for growth and developmental studies of the rabbit skull. 2. Most of the vertical growth of the rabbit snout is due to sutural growth at the frontonasal suture and the horizontal growth is at the interfrontal and the internasal suture. 3. The vertical growth of the rabbit snout is greater than the horizontal growth. 4. The horizontal growth of the rabbit snout is greater at the nasal bone than at the frontal bone. 5. The amount of vertical growth of the rabbit snout is almost same at inner and outer side of the interfrontal and internasal suture line, 6. Growth rate of the sutural growth of the rabbit snout tends to decrease by the growth of the rabbit. 7. Implant materials do not disturb growth and development of the rabbit snout, except a slight trauma effect during the first week of metallic implantation.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 1975

For the purposes of augmentation of the aid for case analysis and diagnosis of malocclusion, a roentgenocephalometric study was made from 84 Korean adolescences. The Subjects consist of 42 males and 42 females aged from 17 to 20 years with normal occlusion and acceptable facial appearance. The author measured 18 angles and 14 linear distances as suggested by Jarabak. The following results were obtained. 1) Each linear measurement of the males' skull was greaten than that of the females. 2) The posterior to anterior facial height was $69.2\%$ in the males and $67.1\%$ in the females. 3) In the relationship of upper lip to esthetic line, the lip of females was more behind than that of males. 4) Saddle angle was $124.7^{\circ}$, articular angle was $148.7^{\circ}$, genial angle was $119.4^{\circ}$ and upper and lower genial angles were $45.1^{\circ}\;(N-Go-a^{\circ})$ and $74.2^{\circ}\;(N-Go-Me^{\circ})$. 5) The ratio of mandibular body to anterior cranial base was about 1:1. 1. 6) The angulations of $SNA^{\circ},\;SNB^{\circ}\;and\;SNP^{\circ}$ were as follows; $SNA^{\circ},\;80.3^{\circ},\;SNB^{\circ},\;79.8^{\circ},\;SNP^{\circ},\;81.1^{\circ}$. 7) The angle of the sella-nasion plane to the mandibular plane $(SNG^{\circ}Me^{\circ})$ was $32.0^{\circ}$ and that of the occlusal plane to the mandibular plane was $18.2^{\circ}$. 8) The angle of the maxillary central incisor to the sellanasion plane $(1-SN^{\circ})$ was $105.6^{\circ}$. That of the mandibular central incisor to the mandibular plane $(1-GoMe^{\circ})$ was $94.0^{\circ}$, and the interincisal angle $(1\;to\;1^{\circ})$ was $127.6^{\circ}$. 9) The linear distance from incisal edge of upper central incisor to facial plane was 8.0mm and that of lower central incisor was 4.6mm. 10) In the relationship of the lower lip to the esthetic line, the lower lip was 0.2mm front of the esthetic line.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.81-87
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• 1984

This study was performed to observe the secondary images and to analyse the relationships between the primary and secondary images in panoramic radiograph. Using the Moritta's Panex-EC panoramic x-ray machine and the human dry skull, the author analysed 17 radiographs which were selected from 65 radiographs of the dry skull that attached the radiopaque materials, and the attached regions of the radiopaque materials were the normal anatomical structures which were important and selected as a regions for the evaluation of the secondary images effectively. The results were as follows; 1. The cervical vertebrae showed three images. The midline image was the most distorted and less clear, and bilateral images were slightly superimposed over the posterior border of the mandibular ramus. 2. In mandible, the secondary image of the posterior border of the ramus was superimposed on the opposite ramus region, and this image was elongated from the anterior border of the ramus to the lateral side of the posterior border of the ramus. The secondary image of the condyle was observed on the upper area of the coronoid process, the sigmoid notch and the condyle in opposite side. 3. In maxilla, the posterior region of the hard palate showed the secondary image on the lower part of the nasal cavity and the medial wall of the maxillary sinus. 4. The primary images of the occipital condyle and the mastoid process appeared on the same region, and only the secondary image of the occipital condyle was observed symmetrically on the opposite side with similar shape to the primary one. 5. In the cranial base, the anatomical structures of the midsagittal portions like a inferior border of the frontal sinus, sella turcica, inferior borderr of the sphenoid sinus and inferior border of the posterior part of the occipital bone showed the simillar shape between the primary and secondary images symmetrically. 6. The petrous portion of the temporal bone showed the secondary image on the lateral side of the sella-turcica, and the secondary images of the posterior border of lesser wing, superior border of greater wing of the sphenoid bone and posterior border were observed on the anterior-superior and inferior region of the sella-turcica.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.622-627
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• 2008

In orthognathic surgery, precise analysis and diagnosis are essential for successful results. In facial asymmetric patient, traditional 2D image analysis has been used by lateral and P-A Cephalometric view, Skull PA, Panorama, Submentovertex view etc. But clinicians sometimes misdiagnose because they cannot find exact landmark due to superimposition, moreover image can be magnified and distorted by projection technique or patient's skull position, when using these analysis and method. For overcome these defects, analysis by using of 3D CT has been introduced. In this way we can analysis precisely by getting the exact image free of artifact and finding exact landmark with no interruption of superimposition. So we want to review of relationship between various skeletal landmarks of mandible or cranial base and facial asymmetry by predictable analysis using 3D CT. We select the cases of the patients who visited our department for correction of facial asymmetry during 2003-2007 and who were taken image of 3D CT for diagnosis. 3D CT images were reconstructed to 3D image by using V-Work program (Cybermed Inc., Seoul, Korea). And we analysis the relationship between facial asymmetry and various affecting factor of skeletal pattern. The mandibular ramus hight difference between right and left was most affecting factor that express facial asymmetry. And in this research, there was no relationship between cranial base and facial asymmetry. The angulation between facial midline and mandibular ramus divergency has significant relationship with facial asymmetry

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.321-330
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• 2014

Objective : Based on surgical outcomes of patients with infratentorial meningiomas surgically treated at our institution, we analyzed the predictors for surgical resection, recurrence, complication, and survival. Methods : Of surgically treated 782 patients with intracranial meningioma, 158 (20.2%) consecutive cases of infratentorial location operated on between April 1993 and May 2013 at out institute were reviewed retrospectively. The patients had a median age of 57.1 years (range, 16-77 years), a female predominance of 79.7%, and a mean follow-up duration of 48.4 months (range, 0.8-242.2 months). Results : Gross total resection (Simpson's grade I & II) was achieved in 81.6% (129/158) of patients. Non-skull base location was an independent factor for complete resection. The recurrence rate was 13.3% (21/158) and the 5-, 10-, and 15-year recurrence rates were 8.2%, 12.0%, and 13.3%, respectively. Benign pathology, postoperative KPS over than 90, low peritumoral edema, and complete resection were significantly associated with longer recurrence-free survival rate. The 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 96.2%, 94.9%, and 94.9%, respectively. Benign pathology, postoperative KPS over than 90 and complete resection were significantly associated with a longer survival rate. The permanent complication rate was 13% (21/158). Skull base location and postoperative KPS less than 90 were independent factors for the occurrence of permanent complication. Conclusion : Our experience shows that infratentorial meningiomas represent a continuing challenge for contemporary neurosurgeons. Various factors are related with resection degree, complications, recurrence and survival.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.40
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• pp.40.1-40.8
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• 2018

Background: A 9-year-old male showed severe defects in midface structures, which resulted in maxillary hypoplasia, ocular hypertelorism, relative mandibular prognathism, and syndactyly. He had been diagnosed as having Apert syndrome and received a surgery of frontal calvaria distraction osteotomy to treat the steep forehead at 6 months old, and a surgery of digital separation to treat severe syndactyly of both hands at 6 years old. Nevertheless, he still showed a turribrachycephalic cranial profile with proptosis, a horizontal groove above supraorbital ridge, and a short nose with bulbous tip. Methods: Fundamental aberrant growth may be associated with the cranial base structure in radiological observation. Results: The Apert syndrome patient had a shorter and thinner nasal septum in panthomogram, PA view, and Waters' view; shorter zygomatico-maxillary width (83.5 mm) in Waters' view; shorter length between the sella and nasion (63.7 mm) on cephalogram; and bigger zygomatic axis angle of the cranial base (118.2°) in basal cranial view than a normal 9-year-old male (94.8 mm, 72.5 mm, 98.1°, respectively). On the other hand, the Apert syndrome patient showed interdigitating calcification of coronal suture similar to that of a normal 30-year-old male in a skull PA view. Conclusion: Taken together, the Apert syndrome patient, 9 years old, showed retarded growth of the anterior cranial base affecting severe midface hypoplasia, which resulted in a hypoplastic nasal septum axis, retruded zygomatic axes, and retarded growth of the maxilla and palate even after frontal calvaria distraction osteotomy 8 years ago. Therefore, it was suggested that the severe midface hypoplasia and dysostotic facial profile of the present Apert syndrome case are closely relevant to the aberrant growth of the anterior cranial base supporting the whole oro-facial and forebrain development.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 1999

To inquire its usefulness of the clinical application of intelligent replenishment system of automatic X-ray film processor based on film density, we processed the serial 300 sheets of radiographic film of chest [$14{\times}14"$, HR-C type] and bone [elbow & ankle($8{\times}10"$), skull($10{\times}12"$), hand & foot($11{\times}14"$), pelvis($14{\times}17"$), HR-G type, 68, 70, 77, 85 sheets respectively]. We analyzed the characteristic corves, relative speeds, average gradients and base plus fog densities every twenty five sheets. We also evaluated the developer and fixer replenishment volumes every that time. In the chest and bone radiograph two all, the characteristic curves were little change, and the relative speeds, average gradients and base plus fog densities were within the maximum control limits. The average developer replenishment volumes were about 43m1/sheet and 39m1/sheet respectively. It brings decreased results about 29% in comparison with the conventional replenishment system. In our experiences, we conclude that the intelligent replenishment system of automatic X-ray film processor based on film density maintains image quality consistently, decreases also the replenishment volumes. Therefore, this system will be resulted in economic and environmental effects, and solve problems of over and low replenishment volume.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.290-296
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• 2016

Purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is considered a mainstay of treatment in parameningeal rhabdomyosarcoma (PM-RMS). We aim to determine the treatment outcomes and prognostic factors for PM-RMS patients who treated with RT. In addition, we tried to evaluate the adequate dose and timing of RT. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with PM-RMS from 1995 to 2013 were evaluated. Seven patients had intracranial extension (ICE) and 17 patients had skull base bony erosion (SBBE). Five patients showed distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. All patients underwent chemotherapy and RT. The median radiation dose was 50.4 Gy (range, 40.0 to 56.0 Gy). Results: The median follow-up was 28.7 months. Twelve patients (54.5%) experienced failure after treatment; 4 local, 2 regional, and 6 distant failures. The 5-year local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) were 77.7% and 38.5%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate was 50.8% for patients without distant metastases and 0% for patients with metastases (p < 0.001). Radiation dose (<50 Gy vs. ${\geq}50Gy$) did not compromise the LC (p = 0.645). However, LC was affected by ICE (p = 0.031). Delayed administration (>22 weeks) of RT was related to a higher rate of local failure (40.0%). Conclusion: RT resulted in a higher rate of local control in PM-RMS. However, it was not extended to survival outcome. A more effective treatment for PM-RMS is warranted.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.103-108
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• 2015

Bony fusion between the mandibular condyle and skull base involves temporomandibular joint (TMJ) bony ankylosis. This condition might originate from trauma, infection, or systemic disease. TMJ adhesion can develop after synovial damage. Both TMJ ankylosis and adhesion lead to functional impairment and pain. Here, we present a case of a 50-year-old female who had bony ankylosis of the right TMJ and adhesion of the left TMJ. She had otitis media in the right ear. A large mass in the right TMJ was observed on computed tomograph. Magnetic resonance image showed a large fused bone mass with normal bone marrow in the right TMJ and flattening of the condyle with a thin disk in the left TMJ. Gap arthroplasty with temporal fascia was performed on the right TMJ, and discectomy, high condylectomy, and coronoidectomy were performed on the left TMJ. During a 2-year follow-up after surgery, the patient had no recurrence.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.83-86
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• 2014

There are some difficulties in approaching and removing the lesion in infratemporal fossa because of its anatomical location. After wide excision of tumor lesion, it is also difficult for reconstruction of mandibular condyle and cranium base on infratemporal fossa. Besides, there are some possibilities of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, intracranial infection and bone resorption. It is also challenging for functional reconstruction that allows normal mandibular movement, preventing mandibular condyle from invaginating into the skull. In this report, we present 14-month follow-up results of a patient who had undergone posterior segmental mandibulectomy including condyle and infratemporal calvarial bone and mandible reconstruction with free vascularized costochondral rib and calvarial bone graft to restoration of the temporomandibular joint area.