• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.121-124
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• 2003

Optimal extraction condition and free radical scavenging effect of ethanol extracts of Olympia grape (Vitis labruscana L.) seeds and skins were determined. Extraction yield of grape seeds increased with increasing extraction temperature increased, but was not affected by ethanol concentration in grape skins. Highest extraction yields obtained with 100% ethanol concentration at $78^{\circ}C$ were 36 and 49.5% in seeds and skins, respectively. Ethanol extract of grape seeds obtained at $78^{\circ}C$ showed stronger $RC_{50}\;(409.7\;{\mu}g/mL)$ than that of grape skins. Among organic solvent fractions, ethylacetate fraction obtained from ethanol extract of grape seed showed the strongest $RC_{50}\;(136.7\;{\mu}g/mL)$. Overall, ethanol extracts of grape seeds and their organic fractions showed significantly stronger free radical scavenging effect than those of skin extracts.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.131-152
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• 2024

Recent trends in the gaming industry have highlighted a significant rise in games based on intellectual properties (IP), such as animations and webtoons. This study addresses a critical aspect of revenue generation for game companies: item sales. Specifically, it explores how the perceived value of character skins in IP-based games influences purchase intentions and, subsequently, how these intentions affect game loyalty. Utilizing 'Pokemon Unite'-a game that integrates the prominent IP Pokemon with the dynamic MOBA genre-this research investigates these relationships within a sample of Chinese users. The perceived value of character skins was delineated into six categories: aesthetic value, hedonic value, social value, personal value, economic value, and IP value. Findings indicate that, of these six value dimensions, five-hedonic, social, personal, economic, and IP values-significantly impact purchase intentions, with aesthetic value showing no significant effect. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that purchase intentions have a positive effect on game loyalty, with character loyalty partially mediating this relationship. These results underscore that players of IP-based games weigh a multifaceted array of values when deciding on character skin purchases and highlight the critical role these skins play in not only generating item sales but also enhancing game loyalty.

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.314-315
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• 2011

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 1972

Nine DETERGENT base materials have been examined in a series of in vivo and in vitro TESTS involving the use of HUMAn SKIN and various ANIMAL SKINS. Lack of agreement between the results from different tests was apparent and cautious approach to predictive SKIN-IRRITANCY testing with detergents is advocated.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2006

The AA5182/polypropylene/AA5182(AA/PP/AA) sandwich sheets have been developed for application to automotive body panels in future lightweight vehicles with significant weight reduction. It has been reported that the AA5182 aluminum sheet shows $L\"{u}ders$ band because of dissolved Mg atoms that cause fabrication process problem, especially surface roughness. The examination of serration behavior has been made after the tensile deformation of the AA/PP/AA sandwich sheets as well as that of the AA5182 aluminum skins at room and elevated temperatures. All sandwich sheets and the AA5182 aluminum skin showed serration behavior on their flow curves. However, the magnitude of serration was significantly diminished in the sandwich sheet with high volume fraction of the polypropylene core. According to the results of the analysis of the surface roughness following the tensile test, $L\"{u}ders$ band depth of the sandwich sheet evidently showed lower than that of the AA5182 aluminum skin. The strain rate sensitivity, m-value, of the AA5182 aluminum skin was -0.006. By attaching these skins to the polypropylene core, which has relatively large positive value of 0.050, m-value of the sandwich sheets changed to the positive value. The serration mechanism of the sandwich sheets was quantitatively investigated in the point of the effect on polypropylene thickness variation, that on the strain rate sensitivity and that on the localized stress state.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.69-73
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• 2015

The antioxidant capacities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total quercetin contents (TQC) of a red (Chenjujuck), a yellow (Sunpower), and a white (Grasier) onion cultivar were determined in this study. Onion was separated into edible portion and dry skin. In the case of edible portion, the yellow onion had the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the red onion. The white onion showed neither antioxidant activity nor quercetin compounds. On the other hand, the dry skin of the red onion showed higher antioxidant activity than yellow onion skin. The white onion skin had slight antioxidant activity, low TPC, and no quercetin compounds. In addition, the flavonoid compounds of the edible portion and dry skins of these colored onions were analyzed by UFLC(ultra-fast liquid chromatography). The major compounds were quercetin 3,4-diglucoside and quercetin 4-glucoside in yellow and red onion edible portion, whereas the major compounds in yellow and red onion skins were quercetin 4-glucoside, quercetin, and quercetin 3,4-diglucoside.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2014

A lightning strike to the aircraft seriously affects the aircraft and its components in various ways. As one of the most critical threats to the flight safety of an aircraft, fuel vapour ignition by lightning can occur through various means, notably through hot spot formation on the fuel tank skins. In this study, a coupled thermal-electrical approach using the commercial software ABAQUS is used to study the effects of a lightning strike on aircraft fuel tanks. This approach assumes that the electrical conductivity of a material depends on temperature, and that a temperature rise in a material due to Joule heat generation depends on electrical current. The inter-dependence of thermal and electrical properties-the thermal-electrical coupling-is analyzed by a coupled thermal-electrical analysis module. The analysis elucidates the effects of different material properties and thicknesses of tank skins and identifies the worst case of lightning zones.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.68 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2018

The Nonlinear dynamic response of a sandwich plate subjected to the low velocity impact is theoretically and experimentally investigated. The Hertz law between the impactor and the plate is taken into account. Using the Extended High Order Sandwich Panel Theory (EHSAPT) and the Ritz energy method, the governing equations are derived. The skins follow the Third order shear deformation theory (TSDT) that has hitherto not reported in conventional EHSAPT. Besides, the three dimensional elasticity is used for the core. The nonlinear Von Karman relations for strains of skins and the core are adopted. Time domain solution of such equations is extracted by means of the well-known fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The effects of core-to-skin thickness ratio, initial velocity of the impactor, the impactor mass and position of the impactor are studied in detail. It is found that these parameters play significant role in the impact force and dynamic response of the sandwich plate. Finally, some low velocity impact tests have been carried out by Drop Hammer Testing Machine. The results are compared with experimental data acquired by impact testing on sandwich plates as well as the results of finite element simulation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.215-218
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• 2008

A 2-year-old, female, Maltese dog (3.2 kg of body weight) was referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, Chungnam National University with vomiting, anorexia and depression. Twelve hours prior to the onset of clinical signs, the dog ingested some grape skins (about 60 g). Physical examination at the time of presentation showed peripheral edema and mucous pallor. Blood and blood chemical analysis revealed anemia and moderate azotemia with elevated blood urea nitrogen (107.2 mg/dl), creatinine (6.3 mg/dl) and hyperphosphatemia (11.3 mg/dl). Echogenicity of renal cortex were observred by ultrasonography. The dog was diagnosed as acute renal failure occurred by grape skin toxicosis. The dog was treated with supportive care such as fluid therapy, diuretics (furosemide) and phosphorus binder (almagate). A normal condition of blood and blood chemical findings and clinical signs was observed at five days after treatment, and prognosis is good to date.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1984

The present studies, the investigations were undertaken for an attemp to analyze time course change of biogemic amines in respons to bite injury in rats and guinea pigs, and obtained the following results that might be applicable to the forensic medicine and Forensic Odontology. The histamine concentrations measured at rat abdominal skins were decreased during the first 8 hours and recovered to control levels after 12 hours. However the serotonin concentrations were decreased during the first hours and increased during 4-8 hours, and then returned to control levels thereafter. In contrast with these results, both histamine and serotonin concentrations were tended to increase in guinea pig skins, but the concetration of histamine showed maximum rate of increase immediately after injury and those of sertonin showed maximum rate of increase at 30 minutes. The differencd in the response of histamine and serotonine after injury between rats and ginea pigs revealed that there is specials deffrence in the response of biogenic amines with regard to external stimuli. These results suggest that the determinition of biogenic amines in skin lesion of bite marks could be applied to the estimation of the elapsed time after antemortem injury.