• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2017

Background Polydeoxyribonucleotide (PDRN) is known to have anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects and to accelerate wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PDRN could improve peripheral tissue oxygenation and angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers. Methods This was a prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Twenty patients with a non-healing diabetic foot ulcer were randomly distributed into a control group (n=10) and a PDRN group (n=10). Initial surgical debridement and secondary surgical procedures such as a split-thickness skin graft, primary closure, or local flap were performed. Between the initial surgical debridement and secondary surgical procedures, 0.9% normal saline (3 mL) or PDRN was injected for 2 weeks by the intramuscular (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, 5 days per week) and perilesional routes (1 ampule, 3 mL, 5.625 mg, 2 days per week). Transcutaneous oxygen tension ($TcPO_2$) was evaluated using the Periflux System 5000 with $TcPO_2/CO_2$ unit 5040 before the injections and on days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 after the start of the injections. A pathologic review (hematoxylin and eosin stain) of the debrided specimens was conducted by a pathologist, and vessel density (average number of vessels per visual field) was calculated. Results Compared with the control group, the PDRN-treated group showed improvements in peripheral tissue oxygenation on day 7 (P<0.01), day 14 (P<0.001), and day 28 (P<0.001). The pathologic review of the specimens from the PDRN group showed increased angiogenesis and improved inflammation compared with the control group. No statistically significant difference was found between the control group and the PDRN group in terms of vessel density (P=0.094). Complete healing was achieved in every patient. Conclusions In this study, PDRN improved peripheral tissue oxygenation. Moreover, PDRN is thought to be effective in improving inflammation and angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcers.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.857-864
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• 2003

여름철 수송시간이 돼지의 혈액성상 및 돈육품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자, 생체중 110kg 내외의 비육돈 120두를 공시하여 실험하였다. 수송시간은 농가에서 도축장까지 20분과 2시간으로 하였고 계류는 약 1시간 30분 실시하였다. 돼지 혈액은 도축장 하차직후 채취하였다. 관행적인 방법으로 도축 후 도체특성을 조사하였다. 도축 1시간 후 pH$_1$과 도체의 피부손상을 측정한 후, 도체를 냉각시키고 사후 24시간에 최종 pH$_{u}$ 및 돈육품질을 조사하였다. 20분과 2시간 수송사이 도체중, 등지방두께 및 도체등급은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 돼지의 심리적 스트레스 수준을 측정하는 Cortisol과 물리적 스트레스 수준은 측정하는 LDH는 2시간 수송이 20분 수송에 비해 유의하게(P〈0.05) 높게 나타났다. 돈육의 이화학적 특성 중 pH$_{u}$는 20분 수송이 높은 경향을 나타냈고, 가열 감량, 육즙 감량 및 경도는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. CIE L$^{*}$, a$^{*}$ b$^{*}$와 주관적인 육색인 NPPC에도 수송시간에 의해 영향을 받지 않았고 또한 도체의 피부손상도 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과, 돈육품질은 현저한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 2시간 수송한 돼지가 스트레스를 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2003

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI, body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9$\pm$2.5 and 10.2$\pm$2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5$\pm$3.7% and 20.2$\pm$3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3$\pm$30.0, 104.9$\pm$26.6, 52.3$\pm$6.7 and 178.3$\pm$84.1 mg/dl, and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1$\pm$43.5, 183.7$\pm$16.5, 101.0$\pm$2.1 and 67.7$\pm$20.0 mg/dl, respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight children. On the other hand, plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children. Plasma levels of GOT and GPT were in normal range in both group however, GPT level of over weight children was higher than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin, and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two groups except WBC, RBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. Daily nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean RDA levels for each nutrients. However the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of RDA. The consumption of dietary fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high showing that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2002

작약의 양질약재 생산을 위한 기초 자료를 얻고자 건조과정중 박피시간별 절단과 무절단 그리고 열풍건조 온도를 달리하여 시험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 박피시간이 길어질수록 건조시간은 통뿌리보다 절단한 것이 건조온도가 단축되었으며, $30^{\circ}C$에서 $60^{\circ}C$까지의 건조온도에서 건조온도가 상승할수록 온도상승의 효과는 감소하였다. 작약의 주 약용성분인 paeoniflorin 함량은 무박피 절단형태로 열풍온도 $30^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 작약이 3.48%로 가장 높은 함량을 유지하였고, 120분 박피후 통뿌리로 $60^{\circ}C$에 열풍건조한 작약은 2.29%로 건조과정중 많은 양이 손실되어 가장 낮게 나타났다. 건조작약의 외부색택은 통뿌리로 $60^{\circ}C$에서 열풍건조했을 때 흑갈색으로 변하는 정도가 가장 심했다. 따라서 작약 수확후 건조과정 중 건조시간 단축과 약효성분 그리고 색택면에서 건조전의 처리 방법은 무박피 절단형태가 장시간 박피 원형형태보다 우수한 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.156-166
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• 1995

방사선 전신조사는 일반적인 방사선 치료와는 달리 환자의 몸 전체를 포함할 수 있는 큰 조사야와 확장된 SAD가 요구되어지기 때문에 치료실이 충분히 커야 하고 전신에 균등한 선량을 주기 위해서는 환자 체표면 윤곽의 불규칙성과 조직 불균질성을 보완해 줄 수 있는 보상체가 필요하며 피부선량을 높여주기 위해서는 적절한 두께의 방사선 산란체를 사용하여야 한다. 또한 치료장치 및 사용 에너지, 총선량, 선량률, 선량분할, 환자의 자세, 정상적인 조직과 장기의 차폐 등도 방사선 전신조사를 위한 중요한 인자들로 알려져 있다. 그리고 방사선 전신조사 치료방법은 환자치료를 위한 준비시간과 실제 치료시간이 길기 때문에 일상 치료환자 일정에 지장을 초래할 수도 있으며 연속되는 치료기간 동안 치료조사야의 정확한 재현이 무엇보다 중요한 것으로 사료된다. 본원에서는 환자의 자세를 굴곡좌위로 함으로써 짧은 거리에서도 환자를 조사야내에 충분히 포함시켰고, 납 보상체를 제작하여 조직결손 부위를 보상하여 전신에 균등한 선량을 줄 수 있었으며 폐 차폐물을 제작하여 폐의 선량을 조절하였다. 치료계획시 환자의 음영을 치료실 벽면에 그려넣음으로써 조사야 재현시 도움이 되도록 하였으며 치료시간을 단축할 수 있었다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2002

This study was done to determine the factors associated with childhood overweight in 721 sixth grade elementary school students, in Busan. The students' heights, weights, waist circumferences and triceps-skinfold thicknesses were measured using standard techniques. Other data were collected using a questionnaire that included information about physical activity, television watching, and the amount of exorcise taken during leisure times, family history of diseases related to obesity: social data including family income, parents'education and occupations, eating behaviors; parental weights and heights; and parental activity levels. Childhood overweight was defined as a body mass index at or above the 85th percentile for age and sex. The prevalence of overweight revealed no significant difference between sexes, (24.2% in boys and 22.03% in girls). The risk of childhood overweight was significantly greater if either the mother or the father were overweight. The odds ratio for childhood overweight associated with maternal overweight was 5.045 (94% CI : 3.262-7.801), and 2.727 (95% CI : 1.764-4.218) was the case for parental overweight. Children having a history of hear diseases had higher odds ratios than those who did not. The odds ratios for overweight associated with income were not different. However, a higher odds ratio for overweight was observed in children whose fathers had only an elementary or middle school education than those whore fathers had a high school or college education. Children whose fathers' occupations were service workers or shopkeepers (OR : 3.314, 95% C = 1.851-5.934) or had no occupation (OR = 3.756, 95% CI : 1.898-7.430) had a treater risk of overweight than those whose fathers'were professionals or once workers. The risk of overweight increased in children having more irregular meal times and faster eating times, rather than those having an intake pattern of high energy and sugar containing floods. The amount of exercise taken during leisure times, and daily physical activity showed no difference between overweight and non-overweight children. However, television watching time, especially on weekends, was greater in overweight children than in non-overweight children. Television watching time was positively correlated with BMI, triceps-skin(31d thickness, waist circumference and waist/height ratio. Therefore, television watching was found to be a useful predictor of overweight in children. Television watching in children was negatively related to paternal activity levels, and positively related to parental television watching time. In fact, fathers whose children were overweight were physically less active than fathers whose children were non-overweight. Parents appeared to be a strong influence on their children's physical activity levels. In conclusion, a low family social class, defined on the basis of the father's occupation or education, parental overweight, increased television watching, and unhealthy physical activity levels in parents were all considered risk factors for childhood overweight. Among these, television watching time and lack of physical activity were considered to be the most important risk factors that could be easily modified for the prevention of and intervention in, overweight in children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.589-596
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the anthropometric data, serum profiles, and nutrient intakes of high school students who are living in Seoul. Anthropometric data showed that mean height and weight were 174.1 cm and 66.6 kg in 99 male and 161.4 cm and 54.0 kg in 116 female students. Mean BMl for male and female students were 21.9 and 22.3 kg/$m^2$, and subjects with BMI > 25 kg/$m^2$ were 14 and 7%, respectively. Total cholesterol, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol of subjects were 149.6$\pm 3.1,\; 46.4 \pm 1.3,\; 86.4 \pm 2.3$,/TEX> mg/dl for males and 169.2 $\pm 3.1,\;50.7 \pm 1.0,\; 100.9 \pm 2.7 mg/dl$ for females, respectively. Hemoglobin (Hb) and total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were 12.8 $\pm 0.1 g/dl, \;437.3 \pm 7.2\mug/dl\; in\; male\; and\; 11.9 \pm 0.1 g/dl,\; 439.4 \pm 5.7\mug/dl$ in female, respectively. Based on Hb classification, 45.6% of male and 45.0% of female students fell into anemic condition. Intakes of energy, Ca, Fe, Zn, riboflavin, and folate were below the Korean RDA. In particular Ca (male and female, respectively, 64.6 and 64.3% RDA) and Fe (male and female, respectively, 78.6 and 64.3% RDA) intakes were extremely low. Serum triglyceride was positively significantly correlated with weight (r =0.22), BMI (r =0.279), waist circumference (WC, r =0.235), triceps skin-fold thickness (TSF, r =0.197) and obesity index (OI, r =0.279). Hb concentration was positively correlated with height (r + 0.387), weight (r =0.349), BMI (r =0.191) and waistlhip ratio (WHR, r =0.380). As for the correlation between serum profiles and nutrient intakes, the Hb concentration was positively correlated with energy (r =0.163), protein (r =0.149), Na (r =0.153), vitamin A (r =0.165), thiamin (r =0.201) and niacin (r =0.192, p < 0.01). These result suggest that the prevalence of Ca and Fe deficiency of student is high and dietary guideline for prevent anemia in this age needs to contain the adequate intake of energy and its related vitamins.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.325-335
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• 1999

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relations among nutrient intake. self body image and satisfaction, and physical fitness of college students in Taegu. A total of 213 apparently healthy college students living in Taegu were selected for the study. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants : weight, height: waist and hip circumferences, and bioimpedence. Using weight and height, the body mass index (kg/$m^2$) was calculated. The 24-hour recall were obtained from subjects. Dietary habits and energy expenditure were examined through questionnaires. Nutrients intake were analyzed by computer aided nutritional analysis program. Variables of Physical fitness were consisted of body fat, muscular strength and endurance, agility. power, flexibility, cardiorespiratory function, physical efficiency index(PEI). Data were analyzed by computer using the SAS 6.12(Statistical Analysis System). The mean heights and weights of these students were similar to those reported for the 50th percentile in a national survey. Nutrient intake of the college students in Taegu was considerably lower than RDA. The male subjects' mean intake of two nutrients, vitamin B$_2$ and calcium, were less than 55% of the RDAs. the female subjects' mean intake of two nutrients, iron and calcium, were less than 55% of the RDAs. A most variables of physical fitness except sit and reach in male students showed a significant higher values than those of female students. There was a significant positive relationship between PEI and the intake of animal protein, fat, Ca. and B$_2$ in male students. Also there was a significant positive relationship between exercise duration of PWC 170 and protein, fat, iron, vitamin A, B$_2$, niacin, and energy intake in female students. The muscular strength showed the significant correlation with weight, height, and waist circumference in male and female students. The cardiorespiratory function and Physical efficiency index showed significantly negative correlation with tricep and subscapular skin thickness in the female students. There were significantly positive correlations between WHR and body efficiency index in male students, and significantly positive correlations between WHR and the cardiorespiratory function in female students. There was no significant level of correlation between the degree of satisfaction of body image and physical efficiency index. However. there was a significant positive correlation between waist circumference (and weight) and physical efficiency index in male and female students and almost all of the surveyed male and female college students wanted less waist circumference or weight even though they were in the criteria of standard waist circumference or weight. In conclusion, a beneficial effect of adequate nutrient intake on physical fitness was found, college students must increase their energy and nutrient intake if it is below than the RDA for improving their physical fitness.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.725-731
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the effects of low-calorie diets(LCD) for 8 weeks of medical nutrition therapy in individuals with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$. 41 over-weight or obese individuals (male=14, female=27, age $28.6{\pm}8.9\;yrs$), none of whom were diagnosed with a medical disease, were administered MNT 4 times over the study period. Approximately $1,100{\sim}1,300\;kcal/day$ were prescribed by a dietitian, via individualized counseling. Anthropometric parameters, daily nutrient intake, and blood levels of leptin, insulin, and lipid profiles were measured prior to and after the 8 weeks of the intervention period. We noted significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), abdominal skin-fold thickness, and waist circumference in both men and women. The mean body weight losses in men and women were $3.2{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks and $2.8{\pm}0.6\;kg$/8 weeks, respectively. However, the % of lean body mass (LBM) in men and women was shown to increase significantly (p<0.05). The daily intake of calorie, fat, protein, vitamin E, folate, and iron were significantly reduced during the LCD period. Blood levels of lipids and glucose were in normal range, and evidenced no changes after LCD. However, the serum levels of leptin in female subjects were significantly reduced (p<0.00l) from $8.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$ to $6.9{\pm}4.8\;ng/mL$. In conclusion, 8 weeks of LCD with individualized counseling by a dietitian effectively reduced body fat and visceral fat in both men and women with BMI in excess of $23\;kg/m^2$.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-26
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• 1993

This experiment was performed to study the morphological responses of the pigment epithelial cell and the Bruch's membrane of the retina of rat following X-ray irradiation. Male rats were divided into normal and experimental groups. The heads of the rats, under sodium thiopental anesthesia, were exposed to 3,000 rads or 6,000 rads of radiation in a single dose, respectively. The source was a Mitsubishi Linear Accelerator ML-4MV. The target to skin distance was 80cm, and the. dose rate was 200 rads/min. The experimental groups were sacrificed on the 6th hour, 2nd and 6th day after X-ray irradiation. Under anesthesia, 1% glutaraldehyde-1% paraformaldehyde solution(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) was perfused through the left ventricle and ascending aorta. Pieces of the tissue taken from the posterior region of the retina were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde-1.5% paraformaldehyde(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3) and 1% osmium tetroxide(0.1M Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH7.3), and embedded in araldite mixture. The ultrathin sections contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate were observed with JEM 100 CX-II electron microscope. The results were as follow; 1. The morphological changes of the pigment epithelial cells were not pronounced after exposure to 3,000 rads of X-ray. But on the 6th hour after exposure to 6,000 rads of X-ray, bulging nuclear membrane protruding into the cytoplasm and nuclear chromatin clumped into numerous masses along the nuclear membrane were observed. At the 2nd and 6th day post-irradiation, partial cytolysis or necrosis were seen. 2. The thickness of the Bruch's membrane of the experimental groups were increased in the time and dose range covered by this study, and splitting or diffusing basal laminae of the choriocapillary layer were observed frequently in the experimental group. Above results suggest that large amount(6,000 rads) of head irradiation induce direct hazardous effects on the pigment epitherial cells and Bruch's membrane of the retina of the rat, but pigment epithelial cells are more radioresistant than Bruch's membrane.