• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
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• pp.195-195
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• 2002

In recent years, the safety of sunscreens has been challenged based on the reports of its adverse effect on users; dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, photoallergic contact dermatitis. To investigate a correlation between sun protection factor (SPF) and the safety of sunscreens, we measured in vitro SPF index using homosalate as a standard and examined the toxicity tests on cosmetics; primary skin irritation tests, ocular irritation test, and skin sensitization test.(omitted)

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.685-693
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• 2020

Objectives: Recent data indicate that sensitization to mold contributes to the severity and persistence of asthma. The aim of this study was to investigate relationships between indoor mold concentrations and pulmonary function parameters in asthmatic children with mold sensitization. Methods: Asthmatic subjects who had a positive result in skin-prick testing to more than one mold allergen, such as Alternaria, Aspergillus, or Penicillium, were enrolled. Their pulmonary function and methacholine challenge test results were collected. Measurements of blood eosinophil, serum IgE, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) were taken. Indoor levels of VOC, CO2, PM10 and PM2.5 in each subject's house were measured. We counted mold and bacteria colonies from the subjects' house air samples. Results: The mean levels of FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC, and FEF25-75 were 82.8±19.7, 87.3±17.9, 85.8±8.3, and 82.3±28.9%, respectively. The mean FeNO level was 19.8±11.2 ppb and the geometric mean (range of one SD) of methacholine PC20 was 3.99 mg/mL (0.67-23.74 mg/mL). The average indoor air pollutant levels were below the recommended levels set by the Ministry of Environment for multiplex buildings. Indoor mold levels showed a significant inverse correlation with methacholine PC20, but not with the baseline pulmonary function parameters. Conclusion: Indoor mold concentrations are a risk factor for increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness among asthmatic children with mold sensitization. Targeted environmental intervention should be considered for selected asthmatic children with mold sensitization for avoiding severe airway hyperresponsiveness.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.194-194
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• 2001

Preclinical test methods for allergenic potential chemicals has been widely used to assess human risks and has been developed. Recently, the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) has been proposed as a prospective method to identify contact allergens and to replace conventional the guinea pig maximization test (GPMT). The objective of this study was to establish LLNA and to evaluate allergenicity of chemicals by LLNA. (omitted)

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2011

Various biometerials have been researched and have been developed for treatment of some disease through transplantation to body. They have been evaluated by in vitro cytotoxicity test using some skin-derived cell lines for prediction of their biocompatibility in vivo. However, the results of experiments using mesenchymal or epithelial cells could not be considered in vivo immune reaction. In this study, we evaluated the biomaterial-elution (elute from high density polyethylene film) using some cell lines (L929, Jurkat, U937) in vitro, and then that results were compared with in vivo results from guinea pig sensitization test. In sensitization test, saline and elution of syringe could not induce erythema, but only DNCB (hypersensitive chemical) induce erythema at guinea pig sensitization test. In cell experiment, the cytotoxicity results of inflammatory cells (Jurkat; T lymphocyte, U937; monocyte) was no difference with L929 (fibroblast) in the overall trend. However, inflammatory cell lines were only secreted inflammatory cytokine (TNF-${\alpha}$, INF-${\gamma}$) in some materials (biomateriallution, FAC, DNCB). And the biomaterial-elution did not have toxicity to the cells, but it induced the inflammatory cytokines in inflammatory cell lines only. So, we were predicted inflammatory reaction through the cytokine resultes of inflammatory cell lines, and it was more correlated with in vivo results than cytotoxicity test. Therefore, we suggested that the inflammatory cytokine assay using inflammatory cell lines are more effective method in vitro for evaluation of biocompatibility of biomaterials or chemicals.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.641-645
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• 2004

단회경구독성시험에서 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude콘드로이틴황산의 LD$_{50}$는 2g/kg 이상으로서 판명되어, 단회경구독성 측면에서 는 안전한 원료로 판단되었다. 비록 기니픽을 이용한 감작성시험은 미더덕 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산만을 사용하여 실시하였고, 시험 농도는 GAGs의 임상 사용 예정량이 0.03∼0.15%임을 고려하여 inductiuon 농도는 임상사용 예정량의 10배인 3.0%, challenge 적용 농도를 0.3% 이하로 잠정 설정하여 3.0%, 0.3%, 0.03%농도에서 실시하였다. 그 결과 0.03% 및 0.15% 농도에서는 반응을 나타낸 개체가 없었으나, 양성대조군과 비교할 때 0.3% 농도에서는 24시간 후에는 10% 그리고 48시간 후에는 5%의 반응율을 나타냈지만 사용가능범위에 해당되어 미더덕의 GAGs은 감작성 측면에서 안전성이 높은 원료로 0.3%이하 농도에서는 사용 가능하다고 판단되었다. 토끼를 이용한 안점막 자극시험에서는 미더덕과 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산 및 bovine trachea 콘드로이틴황산의 3.0% 적용 시 모두 A.O.I.가 기준치 이하로 나타나 실제 사용 시 눈에 자극성이 없음이 판명되었다. 토끼를 이용한 피부일차자극 시험에서는 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산을 3.0% 및 1.5%는 무자극을 보였지만, 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산에서는 미약하게 보이던 피부반응이 미더덕 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산에서는 3.0% 적용에서 다소 강한 반응을 보였다. 광독성 및 광감작성을 위한 UV 흡광 실험결과 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산과 대조군으로서 사용한 표품 콘드로이틴황산 모두 자외선영역(280∼420 nm)에서 흡광을 보이지 않아서 광독성 및 광감작성 시험을 시행하지 않았다. 실험동물을 사용하여 조사한 결과 화장품 원료로서의 미더덕 및 멍게 유래 crude 콘드로이틴황산은 3.0% 이내에서는 사용이 안전함이 증명되었고, 멍게가 미더덕 유래의 콘드로이틴황산에 비교하여 생체반응에 나은 것으로 나타났다.다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2009

본 연구를 통해 역이온 영동(reverse iontophoresis)을 이용한 무채혈 혈당 측정시스템의 patch sensor에 사용되는 효소 고정형 수화젤의 생체적합성 여부를 확인하고자 하였다. 아크릴레이트 계열의 단량체를 사용하여 일정한 unit의 효소가 고정된 수화젤을 합성하였다. 합성된 수화젤의 물성분석을 위해 FT-IR spectrometer를 이용하여 구조분석을 하고 DSC를 이용하여 열적 안정성을 확인하였다. 또한, UV-Vis spoctrophotometer를 이용하여 표준품 대비 50% 이상의 효소 활성도를 확인하였다. 표면의 효소 고정화 확인을 위해 SEM을 이용하여 확인한 결과 효소가 고정화되어 있음을 확인하였다. 수화젤은 환자의 피부에 직접적으로 접촉됨으로써 접촉 시 무해성을 평가하기 위하여, ISO-10993에 의하여 세포독성(cytotoxicity), 피내반응(intracutaneous reactivity), 피부자극(skin irritation) 및 감작성(maximization sensitization) 시험을 실시하였고 이를 통해 생체적합성이 우수하다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the safety of a recombinant human Factor VIII(GC-$\gamma$ AHF) manufactured by Korea Green Cross Company with different technology according to the Regulation of Korean Food and Drug Administration (l 998. 12. 3). In acute toxicity test, both genders of Sprague-Dawley rats and Beagle dogs were administered intravenously with GC-$\gamma$ AHF of three doses (3,125, 625 and 125 IU/kg), and single dose of 3,125 IU/kg, respectively. No dead animal and abnormal autopsy findings were found in Control and GC-$\gamma$ AHF treated group. Therefore, the 50% lethal dose ($LD_{50}$) of GC-$\gamma$ AHF was conidered to be higher than 3,125 IU/kg in rats and dogs. In the four weeks repeated intravenous toxicity study, GC-$\gamma$ AHF was administrated intravenosly to both genders of rats and dogs with 3 doses (500, 150, 50 IU/kg). There were neither dead animals nor significant changes of body weights during the experimental Period. In addition, no significant GC-$\gamma$ AHF related changes were found in clinical sign, urinalysis and other finding. Statistically changes were observed in hematological, biochemical and organ weight parameters of treated groups: however these changes were not dose dependent. No histopathological lesion were observed in both control and treated animals. Above data suggest that no observed adverse effect level of test materials in rats and dogs might be over 500 IU/kg/day in this study. In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctiva and cornea in rabbits were not observed. The acute ocular irritation index (A.O.I.), mean ocular irritation index (M.O.I.) and Day-7 individual ocular irritation Index (I.O.I.) of GC-$\gamma$ AHF were 0. In the primary skin Irritation test, the primary irritation index (P.I.I.) oj GC-$\gamma$ AHF were 0. Therefore, the GC-$\gamma$ AHF is considered not to have the primary skin and eye toxicity in rabbits. In active systemic anaphylaxis (ASA) test, GC-$\gamma$ AHF and GC-$\gamma$ AHF emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) did not induce any symptom of anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs. In passive cutaneous anaphylxis (PCA) test, after sensitization with antisera of GC-$\gamma$ AHF sensitized mice, blue spots were observed on the hypodermis of back of rats, but diameter of each spot was smaller than 5 mm in each test groups except the positive control group. Based on the results of this study, GC-$\gamma$ AHF is not conidered to have any antigenic potential. In conclusion, at levels of up to 500 IU/kg, GC-$\gamma$ AHF did not produce treatment-related toxicity under the conditions of these acute-, four week repeated-toxicity, primary skin and eye toxicity, and antigenicity test.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

The National Toxicology Program Interagency Center for the Evaluation of Alternative Toxicological Methods (NICEATM) provides validation support for US Federal agencies and the US Tox21 interagency consortium, an interagency collaboration that is using high throughput screening (HTS) and other advanced approaches to better understand and predict chemical hazards to humans and the environment. The use of HTS data from assays relevant to the estrogen receptor signaling data pathway is used as an example of how HTS data can be combined with computational modeling to meet the needs of US agencies. As brief summary of US efforts in the areas of biologics testing, acute toxicity, and skin sensitization will also be provided.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2007

이온교환수지를 이용하여 말단기에 이중결합 생성이나 고리열림반응 없이 저분자 히알루론산(oligo HA)을 제조하였다. 제조된 oligo HA의 화장품소재로서의 활용 가능성 및 그 효능을 평가하기 위하여 fibroblast, keratinocyte 및 SIRC cell을 이용하여 독성을 평가하였고, Caco-2 cell과 인공피부를 이용하여 피부 투과도를 평가하였다. Oligo HA는 fibroblast와 keratinocyte cell에서 각각 300 ${\mu}g/mL$ 및 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$까지의 농도에서 독성이 없었으며 in vitro ocular test에서도 2,000 ${\mu}g/mL$의 높은 농도에서까지 자극에 의한 세포독성이 관찰되지 않았다. Caco-2 cell을 이용한 세포 투과실험에서는 HA는 거의 투과되지 않는 것에 비해 oligo HA은 16.0 %까지 투과되었고, 인공피부를 이용한 세포투과 실험에서도 약 90 %의 상당히 높은 투과도를 보였다. 사람 피부에서 보습효과를 확인하기 위하여 oligo HA를 함유한 제형을 피부에 도포한 후 피부 수분량과 경피수분 손실량을 측정한 결과 HA와 비슷하게 우수한 보습 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 인체 피부 누적 첩포 실험 결과, 특별한 피부 자극이 확인되지 않았다. Oligo HA는 HA의 우수한 보습력을 유지하면서 높은 피부 투과도를 갖는 보습소재로써 화장품에 유용하게 활용될 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1984

Fecal material from cattle, which was confirmed to be infected with Johne's disease by clinical and pathological symptoms, was decontaminated with 4% NaOH and inoculated into the $L{\ddot{o}}wenstein$-Jensen media supplemented with 1% of heat-killed Mycobacterium bovis. After 2-4 week-incubation at $37^{\circ}C$, typical acid-fast mycobacteria was isolated. With the results of staining properties, morphological characteristics, the requirement of mycobactin for growth and the other biochemical properties, isolated mycobacteria was identified as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. Female guinea pigs were sensitized with the isolates, and skin test was done with purified protein derivatives (PPDs) of M. avium, M. bovis and M. paratuberculosis 4 weeks after sensitization. Animals showed the largest reaction to the PPDs of M. avium and M. paratuverculosis.