• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.795-800
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• 2010

Purpose: According to various medical publications, it is believed that epinephrine should not be injected in fingers. However numerous articles show the successful use of local anesthetic with epinephrine in the digits. Epinephrine-mixed lidocaine solution enables to maintain a bloodless field for operation and provides long duration of local anesthesia when patient was wide awake. Methods: From May 2009 to December 2009, ten patients underwent flexor tendon reconstruction with local anesthesia using epinephrine. No tourniquet was necessary. Before operation, all patients were injected with local anesthetics using 1% lidocaine 20 mL and 0.1% epinephrine 0.1 mL. Results: There was no case of digital necrosis nor gangrene in the epinephrine injection. All 10 patients actively could move the finger through a full range of motion. All procedures were performed without sedation nor tourniquet and we could obtain a good vision of operative field and patients were comfortable. The patient make his or her fingers move through a full range of active motion before the skin is closed. Phentolamine was not required to reverse the vasoconstriction in any patients. Conclusion: The assertation that epinephrine should not be injected into the fingers is clearly no longer valid. The epinephrine injection allowed the authors to adjust flexor tendon surgery without risks associated with general anesthesia. It also enables to ensure longer anesthetic duration and bloodless operative field, and prevent post operative complications. In case of flexor tendon surgery, the use of epinephrine injection is recommended because of the advantages of local anesthesia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.114-132
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• 1988

Aiming to appraise student's health status and recommend improvement and strengthening of the school health services, statistical analysis of the results of health examination were done with summarized data which were collected nation-wide through the Ministry of Education. After analysis of data obtained, the results of the study summarized as follows; 1) Requested Adequate care Requested Adequate care showed from 5 % to 3% in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In sexes, Requested Adequate in girls (2.8%) more apparent than in boys (2.5%) 2) Eyes i) Weak vision, abnormal refraction of eyes (myopia, hypermetropia and astigmatism), eye diseases (trachoma, others) were found as shown in the Table 2, Figure 3. Weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes showed from 2 % (Elementary), 5 % ( Secondary) to 4 % (Elementary), 14 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. In both sexes, the older the age of students the more weak vision and abnormal refraction of eyes had rapidly increased especially in over 15-year old. ii) Eye diseases (trachoma, others) showed from 2% to age of students the more diseases had students. 3) Ear, nose and pharynx Hearing disturbance, ear diseases (otitis mediae, others), nose (empyema, hypertrophy) and pharynx diseases were found as following 1) Hearing disturbance was found from 0.3%(Elementary), 1 %(Secondary) to 0.05 % (Elementary), 0.4 % (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively, however, recently the older the age of students the more had students. ii) Ear diseases showed from 1.7 % (Elementary) 1.0 % (Secondary) to 0.3 %(Elementary), 0.5%(Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. iii) In diseases of the nose and pharynx, tonsilitis showed from 2.5% (Elementary), 3.5 % (Secondary) to 1.8 % ( Elementary). 2.5% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 4) Skin Infectious skin diseases and other skin diseases were found from 1.5% to 0.6% in 1962 am 1984 respectively. 5) Teeth Dental caries (in milk and permanent teeth) and otner oral diseases are shown from 12 % (Elementary), 8%(Secondary) to 75%( Elementary), 25% (Secondary) in 1962 and 1984 respectively. 6) Other defects and diseases A relatively higher morbidity was shown in the tubercular diseases, in anemia, and in heart diseases among the tuberculous diseases, nodular diseases, Pleurisy, heart diseases, anemia, beriberi, hernia, neurasthenia, speech difficulty, mental disorders, bone dysformity, motion difficulty of extremities. In both sexes, tuberculous diseases were found almost equally in both sexes and anemia in girls was more apparent than in boys. Trying to provide more effective health services in schools : i) A better and more effective physical examination should be carried out in each school and prior to the physical examination, the qualified daily observation of children by teacher should be keenly practiced. ii) According to the results of the required annual physical examination the leading cause of morbidity were dental caries, myopia, angina and otitis mediae and fore these diseases follow up should be carried out. iii) For prevention and treatment of diseases and defects health education for students in the classroom as well as to parents is urgently requested.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.411-417
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• 2021

The field that studies human-computer interaction is called HCI (Human-computer interaction). This field is an academic field that studies how humans and computers communicate with each other and recognize information. This study is a study on hand gesture recognition for human interaction. This study examines the problems of existing recognition methods and proposes an algorithm to improve the recognition rate. The hand region is extracted based on skin color information for the image containing the shape of the human hand, and the center of gravity profile is calculated using principal component analysis. I proposed a method to increase the recognition rate of hand gestures by comparing the obtained information with predefined shapes. We proposed a method to increase the recognition rate of hand gestures by comparing the obtained information with predefined shapes. The existing center of gravity profile has shown the result of incorrect hand gesture recognition for the deformation of the hand due to rotation, but in this study, the center of gravity profile is used and the point where the distance between the points of all contours and the center of gravity is the longest is the starting point. Thus, a robust algorithm was proposed by re-improving the center of gravity profile. No gloves or special markers attached to the sensor are used for hand gesture recognition, and a separate blue screen is not installed. For this result, find the feature vector at the nearest distance to solve the misrecognition, and obtain an appropriate threshold to distinguish between success and failure.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07a
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• pp.615-618
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• 2002

This paper proposes a real-time face detection and tracking a method in complex backgrounds. The proposed method is based on the principal component analysis (PCA) technique. For the detection of a face, first, we use a skin color model and motion information. And then using the PCA technique the detected regions are verified to determine which region is indeed the face. The tracking of a face is based on the Euclidian distance in eigenspace between the previously tracked face and the newly detected faces. Camera control for the face tracking is done in such a way that the detected face region is kept on the center of the screen by controlling the pan/tilt platform. The proposed method is extensible to other systems such as teleconferencing system, intruder inspection system, and so on.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.164-168
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• 2017

Purpose: Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a device that activates the sensorimotor cortex through electrodes attached to the surface of the skin. However, it is difficult to expect positive changes if the recipient is not attentive to the motion. To complement the perceived cognitive limitations of FES, we attempted to investigate the changes of sensorimotor cortex activity by simultaneously providing action observation with FES. Methods: Electroencephalogram was measured in 28 healthy volunteers. Relative band power over the sensorimotor cortex was analyzed and compared in three conditions: during rest, during FES alone, during action observation with FES. Results: The results showed significant differences in each relative band power. Relative alpha power and relative beta power were the lowest by application of FES combined with action observation, while the relative gamma power was the highest. Conclusion: These results suggest that combining FES with observation could be more effective than FES alone in neurorehabilitation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.261-269
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• 2007

The structure and dynamics of a 37-residue antimicrobial peptide gaegurin 4 (GGN4) isolated from the skin of the native Korean frog, Rana rugosa, was determined in SDS micelles by NMR spectroscopy. The solution structure of the peptide in SDS micelles was determined from 352 NOE-derived distance constraints and 22 backbone torsion angle constraints. Dynamic properties for the amide backbone were characterized by $^1H-^{15}N $heteronuclear NOE experiments. The structural study revealed two amphipathic helices spanning residues 2-10 and 16-32 and that the helices were connected by a flexible loop. An intraresidue disulfide bridge was formed between residues Cys31 and Cys37 near the C-terminus. The loop region (11-15) connecting the two helices are were slightly more flexible than these helices themselves. From the fact that since there is no contact NOEs between two helices, it is implied that the GGN4 peptide shows an independent motion of both helices which has an angle of about $ 60^{\circ}-120^{\circ}$ from each other.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.518-528
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• 2010

This study analyzes the work environment and the work clothes wearing conditions of shipyard painters. In addition to this, three types of experimental painting work clothes were evaluated by painters in terms of the material performance and wearing functions. The findings on the harmful painting work environmental factors were organic solvents, noise, heavy dust, high temperatures, and noxious fumes. The body parts damaged during painting operations were the skin, arms, whole body, and face. In general, the satisfaction with the wearing performance of work clothes for painting was low especially in regards to sweat absorbency, sweat permeability, body protection, covering, and the work motion suitability. The satisfaction with the wearing sense of painting working clothes (regardless of the type of material) was high in the order of movement comfort> sensual comfort> physiological comfort. The satisfaction in overall comfort according to the types of material was high in the order of nylon> SMS nonwoven fabric> SF nonwoven fabric.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.78-81
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• 2013

Neurofibroma may present as a solitary lesion or as multiple lesions. Although there is no site of predilection for solitary lesions, occurrence on the hand is rare. Plexiform neurofibroma can develop in isolation or more commonly as a part of neurofibromatosis type 1. In those that apper in isolation, trauma has been suggested as a precipitating factor. A 68-year-old male farmer had experienced repetitive prior episodes of trauma in the involved finger. He presented with a painless mass on the dorsal aspect of the fifth finger. Physical examination showed a protruding mass measuring approximately $15{\times}20mm$ which was not tenderness to palpation and any skin changes or pigmentation. Ultrasonography showed a cystic mass on the dorsal aspect of the middle phalanx. Microsurgical dissection was applied in order to seperated the lesion from the ulnar side of the dorsal branch of the digital nerve. Pathologic examination of the specimens revealed neurofibroma. At three-month follow-up, motor and sensory function were intact, and range of motion was fully recovered. Traumatic solitary neurofibroma is a rare tumor of the hand, especially in the finger. Hand surgeons should be aware of the diagnostic possibilities of this tumor based on examination, history taking and imaging studies.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2010

This paper describes the development of a low-power electrocardiogram (ECG) touch sensor intended for the use with two dry metal electrodes. An equivalent ECG extraction circuit model encountered in a ground-free two-electrode configuration is investigated for an optimal sensor read-out circuit design criteria. From the equivalent circuit model, (1) maximum sensor resolution is derived based on the electrode's background thermal noise, which originates from high electrode-skin contact impedance, together with the input referred noise of instrumentation amplifier (IA), (2) 60 Hz electrostatic coupling from mains and motion artifact are also considered to determine minimum requirement of common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and input impedance of IA. A dedicated ECG read-out front end incorporating chopping scheme is introduced to provide an input referred circuit noise of 1.3 ${\mu}V_{rms}$ over 0.5 Hz ~ 200 Hz, CMRR of IA > 100 dB, sensor resolution of 7 bits, and dissipating only 36 ${\mu}W$. Together with 8 bits synchronous successive approximation register (SAR) ADC, the sensor IC chip is implemented in 0.18 ${\mu}m$ CMOS technology and integrated on a 5 cm $\times$ 8 cm PCB with two copper patterned electrodes. With the help of proposed touch sensor, ECG signal containing QRS complex and P, T waves are successfully extracted by simply touching the electrodes with two thumbs.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.15-23
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• 1992

Development of cumulus is studied by numerically integrating the equation of motion equations of conservation for water vapor mixing ratio, and the thermodynamic energy equuation. We use the terrain-following coordinate system called z'-coordinate system, in which we can easily treat any calculation domain with terrain configuration such as mountains. The model domain of calculation is restricted vertically to 4.Skin and horizontally to 100 km, has a bell-type mountain in the centeral part. Four cases are considered, one in a neutral environment, second in a slightly stable environment, third in a environment decreasing water content with low value of initial water vapor mixing ratio, the fourth in a case with higher vapor gradient. The more the atmosphere is unstable, the more cumulus develops easily and the more water vapors is abundant, the more cumulus develops easily too. More detailed cloud microphysics parameterizations and wet deposition must be conridered to use in air pollutants prediction model.