• 한국관광식음료학회지:관광식음료경영연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.1-41
• /
• 2001

The effect of smoking on the quality sausage Sausages were prepared from beef, port, chickens, games, fish and shellfish with polyphosphate salt and spices. Sausage history goes back to 3,000 years of age. The procedure of sausage 1) Meat Curing 2) Meat Control 3) Add Spices 4) Permissible Ingredients 5) Grinding 6) Mixing Emulsion 7) Stuffing 8) Showing 9) Smoking 10) Cooking 11) Drying 12) Packaging Sausage Product to get information on the effect of smoking onto the quality of meat produces. Sausage was smoked under a given conditions. Smoking was conducted as 35f$^{\circ}C$to 6$0^{\circ}C$ the related humidity of smokehouse was still at 60 to 70 percent. Results are as follows: 1. The Penetrated smoke in sausage was prolonged < p.<0.02 when sausage was smoked 2hours at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ the penetrated amount of free acetone in sausage was 0.5mg%. 2. Peroxide value of sausage as heating treatment both at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and at 5$0^{\circ}C$ was prolonged. 3. When sausage was heated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, bacteria of sausage increased In number while at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ bacteria of sausage increased In number fourteen hours. 4. When sausage was treated with smoking the distribution of free amino acids in sausage was changed markedly. 5. The longer smoking time of the products was the higher the content. 6. In case of oak wood smoke flavoring all of test samples. 7. Rapid decrease of does-response mutagenic curve of the smoke flavoring of oak wood and apple wood by in the peak of curve and phenol in the smoke flavoring. Continuous efforts are required to make sausages easily in the butcher shops and in the restaurants. 8. Sausage texture evaluation has 13 rules. It is Elasticity, Surface Moisture, Surface Smoothness, Center Hardness, Skin Toughness, Cohesiveness, Denseness, Moisture Release, Cohesiveness of Mass, Lumpiness, Graininess (of Contents), Skin separation, Oiliness and sensory 11 rules evaluation is color, texture, mold, flavor, sweet test, salty, sourness, bitter, and savory taste. 9. Smoked, component, peroxide value, bacteria, color, free amino acid, tenderness, flavor, shrinkage are important values.

• 원예과학기술지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.15-23
• /
• 2016

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of irrigation (amount, interval) on tree growth, fruit quality, and cracking of organic 'Campbell Early' grapevine in 2012 and 2013. Three irrigation treatments were applied using a sprinkler system from mid-June to mid-August in 2012 and 2013, as follows: 10 mm was applied daily (10 mm-IR), 20 mm was applied every two days (20 mm-IR), and 30 mm was applied every five days (30 mm-IR). Soil electrical conductivity (EC) and temperature were found to be greatest in the 10 mm-IR treatment in both years. Soil moisture content ranged between 20-40% in the 10 mm-IR, between 20-60% in the 20 mm-IR, and between 20-70% in the 30 mm-IR treatment plots. The total number of leaves per shoot and shoot growth were found to be greatest in the 20 mm-IR and 30 mm-IR treatments, respectively. Cluster and berry weights, and cluster and berry sizes were not consistently affected by the treatments. The 10 mm-IR treatment resulted in an increase in fruit SSC, SSC/acidity ratio, and berry skin pigmentation ($b^*$; blue). Approximately 5% of fruit cracking was observed on average over both years in the 10 mm-IR-treated fruit, while the 30 mm-IR treatment resulted in nearly 18% of cracking in 2012. Average marketable fruit yield per year over two years was greatest for the 10 mm-IR treatment ($24.4t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) followed by the 30 mm-IR treatment ($22.7t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) and lastly the 20 mm-IR treatment ($22.2t{\cdot}ha^{-1}$). Thus, the 10 mm-IR treatment represents a suitable irrigation regimen for controlling leaf and shoot growth of vines grown under a rain-shelter system in sandy loam soils, while improving fruit sugar contents and skin color and limiting fruit cracking.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• 제7권5호
• /
• pp.477-493
• /
• 2014

This study examines the behaviour of single micropiles subjected to axial tension or compression load in collapsible loess under in-situ moisture content and saturated condition. Five tension loading tests and five compression loading tests on single micropiles were carried out at a typical loess site of the Loess Plateau in Northwest China. A series of laboratory tests, including grain size distribution, specific gravity, moisture content, Atterberg limits, density, granular components, shear strength, and collapse index, were carried out during the micropile loading tests to determine the values of soil parameters. The loess at the test site poses a severe collapse risk upon wetting. The tension or compression load-displacement curves of the micropiles in loess, under in-situ moisture content or saturated condition, can generally be simplified into three distinct regions: an initial linear, a curvilinear transition, and a final linear region, and the bearing capacity or failure load can be interpreted by the L1-L2 method as done in other studies. Micropiles in loess should be considered as frictional pile foundations though the tip resistances are about 10%-15% of the applied loads. Both the tension and compression capacities increase linearly with the ratio of the pile length to the shaft diameter, L/d. For micropiles in loess under in-situ moisture content, the interpreted failure loads or capacities under tension are 66%-87% of those under compression. However, the prewetting of the loess can lead to the reductions of 50% in the tensile bearing capacity and 70% in the compressive bearing capacity.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제44권2호
• /
• pp.161-170
• /
• 2018

피부 노화의 정도는 기기 분석을 통해 객관적으로 측정 할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 인체 적용 시험을 통해 8000 PPM의 레스베라트릴 트라이아세테이트(RTA)를 함유한 크림의 피부 노화 완화 효과를 평가하는 것이다. 여성 피험자 20명에게 시험 제품을 얼굴에 매일 2회 8주 동안 바르고, 4주마다 기기 분석을 통해 주름, 처짐, 탄력, 진피치밀도, 수분 및 밝기 등을 측정하였다. 시험 제품을 4 주 및 8 주 동안 사용한 결과 총 주름면적이 감소하고(5.12%, 4.86%), 총 주름 용적이 감소하고(10.53%, 8.41%), 탄력성이 증가하고(2.84%, 3.98%), 진피치밀도가 증가하고(15.65%, 20.80%), 수분이 증가하고(5.83%, 7.37%), 밝기($L^*$ 값)가 증가하고(0.79%, 1.07%), 피부색(individual typology angle, $ITA^{\circ}$)이 밝아졌으며(5.43%, 4.95%), 이들 변화는 통계적으로 유의하였다(p < 0.05). 시험 기간 동안 모든 참가자에게서 부정적인 피부 반응이 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구는 시험 제품의 피부 노화 완화 효과를 뒷받침한다.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제44권4호
• /
• pp.434-440
• /
• 2012

쌀 유래 세라마이드를 함유한 미용보조제의 섭취에 관한 위약 대조, 이중 맹검 연구가 건조함으로 인해 항상 피부가 거친 경향이 있었던 33명의 피험자들에게 실시되어 다음과 같은 결과가 얻어졌다. 섭취 6주 후 피부과적 진단에 따르면 건조함, 홍조, 화장 유지력, 가려움 등의 관찰항목에서 플라시보 군 및 세라마이드군 모두에서 개선효과가 있었으나 플라시보 군 에서는 개선율이 43.8%인 반면, 세라마이드 군의 개선율은 64.7%로 높았다. 수분량, 유분량, pH 측정결과를 보면, 플라시보 군과 세라마이드 군 모두에서 유분량 및 pH 관련하여 유의한 변화는 없었다. 그러나 수분량에서는 플라시보 군에서 유의한 변화가 없었던 반면, 세라마이드 군에서는 6주 후 유의한 수분량 증가가 있었다. 3차원 현미경 경피분석시스템에 의한 분석결과에 따르면, 세라마이드 군에서는 Kurtosis, 유연성지수(SEsm), 거�s지수(SEr), 각질 및 인설 지수(SEsc), 주름지수(SEw)가 유의하게 개선되었으나 플라시보 군에서는 어떠한 유의한 변화도 관찰되지 않았다. 이는 이중맹검법으로 실시된 이번 연구에서 피부과적 진단이 명백한 플라시보 효과를 보인 점과 대비된다. 이로써 의사들에 의한 관찰과 더불어 과학적이고 객관적인 측정에 의해 세라마이드는 피부건조함과 거�s을 개선하는 데 효과가 있음이 입증되었고 경구섭취로 그 효과가 나타났다. 상기 결과는 쌀 유래 세라마이드 보조제의 장기간에 걸친 섭취가 보습, 피부의 유연성 유지에 효과적이고 따라서 효과적인 피부미용식품임을 보여준다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.3131-3138
• /
• 2015

피부과에서는 여드름 피부관리 시 광민감물질인 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)를 도포한 후 광선역학요법(Photodynamic therapy, PDT)을 실시한다. 피부관리실에서는 의약품 사용은 금지되어 있다. 따라서 이 연구의 목적은 의약품인 ALA를 도포하지 않고 광선역학요법을 여드름 피부관리 프로그램에 도입하여 그 효과를 알아보았다. 연구 방법은 면포 및 경도 여드름을 가진 여대생 24명을 네 그룹(1군: 대조군, 2군: 420 nm 파장의 청색광 조사, 3군: 660 nm 의 적색광 조사, 4군: 청색광과 적색광을 조사)으로 나누어 2, 3, 4군을 6주간 주 1회 가시광선을 20분씩 조사한 후, 대조군과 비교하였다. 그 결과 가시광선이 조사된 그룹은 홍반, 유분량, 구진, 농포의 수가 감소하였고, 모공의 크기가 축소되었으며 수분량은 증가하였다. 피부관리실의 현재 여드름관리와 광선역학요법을 병행한다면 피부관리실의 여드름 프로그램에 긍정적인 효과를 줄 것이라 기대된다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.45-54
• /
• 2017

Ultraviolet radiation have much influenced with a deep wrinkles, roughness, laxity of skin damage and pigmentation through oxidative stress and oxidative photo-damage. This study investigates the functional properties of hydrogel facial mask sheets made from agar, Styela clava tunics and Broussonetia papyrifera tunics. The skin of S. clava is covered with a hard cellulose containing glycoprotein, glycosaminoglycan and chondroitin sulfate. B. papyrifera is better known as Paper mulberry. It contains kazinol which serves as a tyrosinase inhibitor and skin whitening agent. The tensile strength of facial mask sheet was measured by universal testing machine, and the water absorption and moisture permeability of facial mask sheet were measured by dryer. Additionally, the DPPH assay and MTT assay were conducted for anti-oxidative activity and cytotoxicity of facial mask sheet. The whitening effect of the facial mask sheet was measured by tyrosinase inhibitor assay. These tests showed that the three ingredients are suitable cosmetic materials. The results reveal that they produce a high quality hydrogel facial mask sheet when the membrane contains 1%(W/V) of agar, 0.1%(W/V) of B. papyrifera tunics and 0.05%(W/V) of S. clava tunics.

• 대한화장품학회지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.97-110
• /
• 1999

The new stick make-up product was studied by using a gel, which is a viscous complex formed with clay minerals, vitamins A and E and fluorinated liquid polymer with a 1500 molecular weight. The gel cannot be obtained with any random combination of clay minerals and the ingredients described above. It takes the sequential manufacturing method as follows to get this kind of gel. Firstly, clay minerals and liquid polymers have to be pre-mixed in order to saturate the liquid polymers with the clay minerals. Then the on-processed gel has to be finely crystallized. The clay minerals, which are the core elements for this gel, were used as a function of Binder & Buffer and liquid polymer was mixed together for the deterioration of the surface tension of each component and to form a functional film in the gel. This liquid polymer was combined with clay minerals because it is not miscible with most oils and solvents. Waxes have a function of keeping a solid status in the stick. We reduced the usage of waxes by putting clay minerals as buffer in the proportion of 0.5:1 with oil phase. Ceramide takes care of the skin when used regularly and maintains the skin's moisture. Vitamins A and E contribute to preventing skin aging by the activation of skin cells. We could get the stable viscous gel, which has about 80% oil phase using clay minerals and liquid polymer. The crystalline structures of gel were surface-chemically-analyzed using SEM and Image Analyzer and were thermodynamically analyzed using DSC. Surface tension test and softness were done by Rheometer. In the end, these characteristics were verified by consumer panel tests in Seoul, Daegeon and Pusan in Korea and Hokkaido, Osaka and Miyazaki in Japan with correlation to the climate.

• 복식
• /
• 제63권4호
• /
• pp.132-142
• /
• 2013

This study has evaluated the physiological reaction to wearing brassiere as well as the sensations that the wearer feels in order to understand the effect of brassiere use on the human body. Six healthy women in their twenties were used as subjects and the experiment measured the difference in their S.C.L, Skin Temperature, B.V.P and Pulse. The measurements were made in the following conditions: Women not wearing any brassiere, women wearing sports brassiere, and the women wearing wire brassiere. The results showed significant differences in the following areas. 1. S.C.L was found to be the highest when they didn't wear any brassiere, followed by when they wore wire-brassiere and then sports brassiere. 2. The Skin Temperature was found to be the highest when they wore wire-brassiere, followed by when they wore sports brassiere and when they didn't wear any of them. In particular, when they wore sports brassiere, the B.V.P was found to be the highest when they wore none of them, fir skin temperature dropped as time passed. 3.ollowed by when they wore sports brassiere and then wire brassiere. When they wore sports brassiere, they had irregular blood-flow. 4. Pulse was found to be the highest when they didn't wear any of them, followed by when they wore sports brassiere and then wire brassiere. 5. Those who didn't wear any brassiere felt the most chill, followed by those wearing wire brassiere and then sports brassiere. The moisture level was found to be the highest when they wore sports brassiere, followed by when they wore wire brassiere and then when they wore none of them. Comfort level was found to be the best with no brassiere, followed by wire brassiere and then sports brassiere.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.425-430
• /
• 2011

This study evaluated the effect of extraction conditions of yam (Dioscorea aimadoimo) on antioxidant, moisturizing, collagenase activity, proliferation, and migration. Yam has been recognized as a healthy food due to its various biological activities, such as anti-obesity, anti-constipation, anti-mutagenic activities, as well as its ability to decrease blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Electron donating ability of high temperature ethanol extract of Dioscorea aimadoimo (HDA) had shown 70.6% at 400 mg/ml, and low temperature ethanol extract of Dioscorea aimadoimo (LDA) had shown 40% at 400 mg/ml. SOD-like activities of LDA and HDA were 23% and 34% at 400 mg/ml respectively. LDA significantly reduced the activity of collagenase in a dose-dependent manner, which was higher than HDA. The water contents in LDA-treated skin and HDA-treated skin were increased by 45.63% and 38.65% than the placebo cream respectively. The cellular proliferation of human dermal fibroblast neonatal (HDFn) was evaluated by MTT and cell migration assay. Compared to control, the cell proliferation was elevated to 109.7% and 114% by the treatment of LDA and HDA respectively at the concentration of 200 mg/ml. In addition, LDA and HDA were induced cell migration in HDFn. Our study suggests that LDA and HDA should be a very useful cosmetic ingredient, as anti-aging and skin moisturizer.