• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2018

In this study, we investigated the anti-aging effect of Rosa damascena extract containing low molecular glycoprotein (RELG) converted from the high molecular glycoprotein by bioconversion. Free radical scavenging activities were performed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Antioxidant activities ($IC_{50}$) of RELG and the positive control ascorbic acid were $22.6{\mu}g/mL$ and $21.1{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. For skin cells, $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG showed 28% antioxidant activity by inhibiting the production of active oxygen species induced by ultraviolet ray and hydrogen peroxide. $15{\mu}g/mL$ RELG prevented 10% the cell death caused by stress in human hair follicle dermal papilla cells (HDPC) and reduced 90% the production of active oxygen species. In addition, the glycoprotein showed not only anti-wrinkle effect but also moisturizing effect by 48% inhibition of matrix metallo proteinase-1 (MMP-1) production by ultraviolet stress and $10{\mu}g/mL$ RELG enhanced 10% neutral lipid synthesis with 44% aquaporin 3 (AQP3) expression, which is moisture factor. In conclusion, the RELG can be used as an anti-aging cosmetic material.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.794-805
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• 2017

Purpose: Interface pressure is a factor that contributes to the occurrence of pressure injuries. This study aimed to investigate interface pressure at common sites of pressure injury (occipital, gluteal and peritrochanteric areas), to explore the relationships among risk factors, skin condition and interface pressure, and to identify risk factors influencing interface pressure. Methods: A total of 100 patients admitted to the intensive care unit were enrolled at a tertiary teaching hospital in Korea. Interface pressure was recorded by a scanning aid device (PalmQ). Patient data regarding age, pulmonary disease, Braden Scale score, body mass index, serum albumin, hemoglobin, mean blood pressure, body temperature, and oxygen saturation were included as risk factors. Data collected from July to September 2016 were analyzed using binary logistic regression. Results: The mean interface pressure of the occipital, gluteal, and right and left peritrochanteric areas were 37.96 (${\pm}14.90$), 41.15 (${\pm}16.04$), 53.44(${\pm}24.67$), and 54.33 (${\pm}22.80$) mmHg, respectively. Predictive factors for pressure injuries in the occipital area were age ${\geq}70$ years (OR 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.19~9.98), serum albumin deficit (OR 2.88, 95% CI: 1.00~8.26) and body temperature ${\geq}36.5^{\circ}C$ (OR 3.12, 95% CI: 1.17~8.17); age ${\geq}70$ years (OR 2.81, 95% CI: 1.10~7.15) in the right peritrochanteric area; and body temperature ${\geq}36.5^{\circ}C$ (OR 2.86, 95% CI: 1.17~6.98) in the left peritrochanteric area. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that old age, hypoalbuminemia, and high body temperature may be contributory factors to increasing interface pressure; therefore, careful assessment and nursing care of these patients are needed to prevent pressure injury. Further studies are needed to establish cutoff values of interface pressure for patients with pressure ulcers.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.835-841
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• 2007

The followings are concluded from the treatment of headache in Hyungsang medicine, focussed on 11 kinds of headaches in Donguibogam. Headache is classified into overall headache and migraine according to the affected region. The causes are divided into exogenous affection and internal injury; The former brings on headache due to Wind-Cold and headache due to Damp-Heat. The latter, reversal headache, headache due to adverse rising of phlegm, headache due to regurgitation of Gi, headache due to excessive Heat, headache due to excessive Damp, true headache, and alcoholic headache. Headache due to internal injury generally tends to show deficiency syndrome with external affection. Headache due to exogenous affections is common to those who have big head or white skin and to Bangkwang type, and woman. The primary causes are Wind-Cold and Wind-Heat. When the body is observed in the perspective of eight phases, Damp-Heat is to be produced in the front, and Dry-Damp, in the back. Headache due to Damp-Heat is susceptible to Yangmyeong meridian type whose body develops more in the front and to woman. In the perspective of the upper and the lower, Yangdu(that is, head) is related to Eumdu(that is, glans of penis). Headache is also caused by the problems of Eumdu ,such as deficiency of Essence in man, pathologic change of uterus in women, and San syndrome in lower abdomen. In the case of man, headache is frequently severe and difficult to treat because head is a root for man. Disharmony of Gi and blood between the right and the left brings out migraine and headache due to regurgitation of Gi. Migraine is usually accompanied by symptoms of exogenous affection and often afflicts Gi-type, Shin-type, Soyang meridian type, deer type, and Dam-type. Headache due to regurgitation of Gi is brought by Gi deficiency or blood deficiency so that symptoms of exogenous affection do not show. It is mainly common with old people and those who have sunken eyes induced by deficiency of stomach Gi. In the perspective of the upper, the middle, and the lower, the pathologic change of head, chest and abdomen also bring about headache. The pathologic cause of head is Wind-Heat ,which triggers overall headache, migraine, headache due to Wind-Cold, headache due to excessive Heat, The pathogen of chest is phlegm-Fire and brings out headache due to Damp-Heat and headache due to adverse rising of phlegm. The pathologic factor in abdomen is Cold-Damp and produces headache due to adverse rising of phlegm and headache due to excessive Damp. In case of women, headache is generally caused by phlegm-Fire and retention of undigested food.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.88-98
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of product selection of hospital workers cosmeceutical cosmetics on marketing communication among hospital workers who use cosmeceutical cosmetics that have emerged in line with the recent growing medical skin care field.Coping with complaints from consumers who buy cosmeceutical cosmetics in hospitals where cosmeceutical cosmetics are mainly used and sold, and minimizing the influence of negative issues will potentially strengthen consumer relationships. The study was conducted on 520 hospital workers who use cosmeceutical cosmetics in hospitals (dermatology, plastic surgery, women's clinic, and other hospitals) in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. A total of 502 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The data analysis consisted of Cronbach's alpha, one-way ANOVA, exploratory factor analysis and Duncan test. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between variables, and regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. The study results revealed that when choosing cosmetic cosmetics, marketing communication is influential. Especially, product value, quality, and price factors strongly affect marketing communication. This shows that we value the product and quality the most and we want a reasonable price. Considering this, we will pursue differentiated products only from cosmeceutical cosmetics and provide them as basic data necessary for securing potential customers and increasing the sales of cosmeceutical cosmetics in accordance with the changing trends.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.313-320
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• 1989

In capacitive heating device, which considered efficient for deep heating, parallel arrangement of the electrodes is a serious limiting factor in heating for eccentrically located lesions because it causes overheating of the exposed ipsilateral skin surface, the heating pattern is also frequently inappropriate, and the arrangement tends to be unstable due to the patient's gravity. Therefore we attempted an angular arrangement of the electordes to achieve more homogenous and efficient heating for such lesions. In phantom study, both the thermal profile and thermogram established the heating pattern in this unusual angular arrangement of the electrodes at $60^{\circ},\;90^{\circ}\; and\;120^{\circ}$ angles, respectively. An angular arrangement was also clinically applied to 3 patients. The patients' tolerance was good without significant complication and the thermal distribution was satisfactory. In conclusion, this unusual arrangement of electrodes appears to be promising in the clinical application to the eccentrically located lesions.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.348-355
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• 2011

Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that is associated with various types of local and systemic infection. Staphylococcal protin A (SPA), a highly expressed surface component of S. aureus, may have a role in virulence such as activating inflammation and interfering with immune clearance. We examined the effect of recombinant SPA on inflammatory response in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The recombinant SPA protein was prepared using the pET-28a Vector System in Escherichia coli. The expression of pro-inflammatory related adhesion molecules and cytokines in HaCaT cells incubated for 6, 12, and 24 h with SPA (2 ${\mu}g$/ml) was analyzed by comparative RT-PCR or ELISA. The expression of E-selectin, ICAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly increased in HaCaT from 6 to 24 h after treatment with SPA. SPA showed the effect on the adhesion-promoting ability of U937 monocytes to HaCaT cells. Our data demonstrate that SPA stimulates inflammatory response of HaCaT cells, implicating an important factor for exacerbation of skin inflammation of immunologic disease.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.433-441
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• 2019

This study describes a preliminary evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity and anti-atopic activity of Phormium tenax leaf extracts. P. tenax leaf was extracted using 70% ethanol and then fractionated sequentially with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, n-butanol. In order to effectively screen for anti-inflammatory agents, we first investigated the inhibitory effects of P. tenax leaf crude extracts and solvent fractions on production of pro-inflammatory factors[nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin $E_2(PGE_2)$, inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)] and pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-{\alpha})$, interleukin-6(IL-6) and $interleukin-1{\beta}(IL-1{\beta})$] in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In addition, we also evaluated of their inhibitory effect on the atopic dermatitis-like inflammatory markers such as macrophage-derived chemokine(MDC) and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine(TARC) in HaCaT cells. Among the five solvent fractions of P. tenax, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions inhibited production of pro-inflammatory factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose dependent manner, respectively. These fractions were also showed inhibitory activity for MDC and TARC expression levels in $IFN-{\gamma}-stimulated$ HaCaT cells, respectively. These results suggest that P. tenax have significantly effects of anti-inflammatory activity and anti-atopic activity that might be beneficial for the topical treatment of inflammatory skin disorders.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 1997

The development of preneoplastic and neoplastic squamous cell proliferations of body sites such as the skin, female lower genital tract, and larynx is strongly associated with specific types of human papillomaviruses (HPV). Antitumor $CD^{8+}$ cells recognize peptide antigens presented on the surface of tumor cells by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. The MHC class I molecule is a heterodimer composed of an integral membrane glycoprotein designated the alpha chain and a noncovalently associated, soluble protein called beta-2-microglobulin( $\beta$ -2-m). Loss of $\beta$-2-m generally eliminates antigen recognition by antitumor $CD^{8+}$ T cells. We evaluated the expression of $\beta$-2-m as a potential means of tumor escape from immune recognition and the presence of HPV DNA as a cause of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). Laryngeal SCCs (n=39) were analyzed for MHC class I expression by immunohistochemistry and for presence of HPV by in situ hybridization technique. The results were as follows : 1) HPV DNA was detected in 10 (25.64%) out of 39 cases in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas. 2) MHC class I down-regulation (heterogenous and negative expression) in HPV positive lesions was higher than HPV negative lesions. 3) The expression of MHC class I was related to cellular differentiation regardless of T-stage and nodal involvement. In conclusion, HPV was thought to be the etiological factor of SCC of larynx, and we found that the down-regulation of MHC class I was a common phenomenon In laryngeal SCC and may provide a way for tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.699-702
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• 2010

Anthracnose is a major limiting factor of the watermelon production in Korea. A mid-late maturing watermelon line, 'Hanbit' with resistance to anthracnose (Colletotrichum orbiculare) race 1 and 3, was developed by the cross between anthracnose resistant cultivar 'AU-Producer' and high quality inbred line '920533' at the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration (RDA). 'Hanbit' produces 5.4 to 9.5 kg of red flesh fruits with clear stripes on skin. Average soluble solid contents are ranged from 10.4 to 11.2$^{\circ}$Bx. The yield and quality of 'Hanbit' was comparable to or better than those harvested from the popular commercial cultivars. 'Hanbit' can be cultivated in open fields and under the protected green house condition. In addition to the commercial production, it can be used as a resistant material in $F_1$ hybrid breeding program.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.367-379
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• 2019

Although atopic dermatitis (AD) is known to be a representative skin disorder, it also affects the systemic immune response. In a recent study, myoblasts were shown to be involved in the immune regulation, but the roles of muscle cells in AD are poorly understood. We aimed to identify the relationship between mitochondria and atopy by genome-wide analysis of skeletal muscles in mice. We induced AD-like symptoms using house dust mite (HDM) extract in NC/Nga mice. The transcriptional profiles of the untreated group and HDM-induced AD-like group were analyzed and compared using microarray, differentially expressed gene and functional pathway analyses, and protein interaction network construction. Our microarray analysis demonstrated that immune response-, calcium handling-, and mitochondrial metabolism-related genes were differentially expressed. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology pathway analyses, immune response pathways involved in cytokine interaction, nuclear factor-kappa B, and T-cell receptor signaling, calcium handling pathways, and mitochondria metabolism pathways involved in the citrate cycle were significantly upregulated. In protein interaction network analysis, chemokine family-, muscle contraction process-, and immune response-related genes were identified as hub genes with many interactions. In addition, mitochondrial pathways involved in calcium signaling, cardiac muscle contraction, tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidation-reduction process, and calcium-mediated signaling were significantly stimulated in KEGG and Gene Ontology analyses. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the genome-wide transcriptional changes of HDM-induced AD-like symptoms and the indicated genes that could be used as AD clinical biomarkers.