• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2008

피부색 정보는 컬러영상에 포함된 얼굴영역을 검출하는 중요한 요소이다. 피부색 정보로 부터 생성된 통계 피부색 모델을 이용하여 얼굴영역을 검출할 수 있다. 하지만 다른 피부색 부분이 포함되어 있는 컬러영상에서는 일반적인 통계 피부색 모델만으로 정확한 얼굴영역 검출을 할 수 없는 단점을 가진다. 본 논문에서는 다른 피부색 부분이 포함되어 있는 다양한 컬러 영상에서 얼굴영역만을 정확히 검출하기 위한 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법은 YCbCr 피부 컬러 모델기반의 피부색 가우시안 분포를 적용하여 얼굴 후보영역 설정 하였고, 영상내의 잡음 부분과 얼굴 영역이외의 부분을 제거하기 위해 수학적 형태학을 적용하였다. 그리고 Haar-like 특성을 이용하여 정확한 얼굴 검출을 수행하였다. 모의실험 결과 제안된 방법이 목이나 팔과 같이 유사한 피부색을 포함한 영상과 다양한 크기의 영상에서도 효과적인 얼굴영역 검출하는 우수함을 보였다.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.153-156
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• 2005

Skin region detection in images is an important process in many computer vision applications targeting humans such as hand gesture recognition and face identification. It usually starts at a pixel-level, and involves a pre-process of color spae transformation followed by a classification process. A color space transformation is assumed to increase separability between skin classes and other classes, to increase similarity among different skin tones, and to bring a robust performance under varying imaging conditions, without any complicated analysis. In this paper, we examine if the color space transformation actually brings those benefits to the problem of skin region detection on a set of human hand images with different postures, backgrounds, people, and illuminations. Our experimental results indicate that color space transfomation affects the skin detection performance. Although the performance depends on camera and surround conditions, normalized [R, G, B] color space may be a good choice in general.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 제14회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.139-142
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• 2001

This paper presents a highly fast and accurate facial region extraction method by using the skin-color-reference map and motion information. First, we construct the robust skin-color-reference map and eliminate the background in image by this map. Additionally, we use the motion information for accurate and fast detection of facial region in image sequences. Then we further apply region growing in the remaining areas with the aid of proposed criteria. The simulation results show the improvement in execution time and accurate detection.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2001

A face detection in color images is important for many multimedia applications. It is first step for face recognition and can be used for classifying specific shorts. This paper describes a new method to detect faces in color images based on the skin color and hair color. This paper presents a fuzzy-based method for classifying skin color region in a complex background under varying illumination. The Fuzzy rule bases of the fuzzy system are generated using training method like a genetic algorithm(GA). We find the skin color region and hair color region using the fuzzy system and apply the convex-hull to each region and find the face from their intersection relationship. To validity the effectiveness of the proposed method, we make experiment with various cases.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2005년도 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.186-188
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• 2005

Hand region detection in images is an important process in many computer vision applications. It is a process that usually starts at a pixel-level, and that involves a pre-process of color space transformation followed by a classification process. A color space transformation is assumed to increase separability between skin classes for hands and non-skin classes for other parts, to increase similarity among different skin tones, and to bring a robust performance under varying illumination conditions, without any sound reasonings. In this work, we examine if the color space transformation does bring those benefits to the problem of hand region detection on a dataset of images with different hand postures, backgrounds, people, and illuminations. Results indicate that best of the color space is the normalized RGB.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2002년도 추계종합학술대회
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• pp.240-243
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 칼라 이미지에서 색상 요소를 기초로 하여 얼굴영역을 추출하고 얼굴의 특징요소를 추출하는 방법을 제안한다. 얼굴 영역을 추출하기 위하여 일반적인 얼굴색상분포를 이용하여 색상변환을 하였다. 얼굴 특성요소를 찾기 위하여 윤곽선검출을 이용하였다. 얼굴영역의 상단부분에서 눈의 요소를 찾고, 눈과 입의 지정학적 위치를 이용하여 입의 후보영역을 지정하고 입을 찾도록 하였다. 검색영역을 좁혀 계산량을 줄임으로서 탐색시간을 줄일 수 있고, 일반적인 얼굴색상분포를 이용하여 얼굴 영역을 검출함으로서 얼굴표정, 얼굴색변화, 기울짐에 대해서도 얼굴영역을 검출할 수 있었다.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2012

In conventional, skin detection methods using for skin color definitions is based on prior knowledge. By experimentation, the threshold value for dividing the background from the skin region is determined subjectively. A drawback of such techniques is that their performance is dependent on a threshold value which is estimated from repeated experiments. To overcome this, the present paper introduces a skin region detection method. This method uses a histogram approximation based on the mean shift algorithm. This proposed method applies the mean shift procedure to a histogram of a skin map of the input image. It is generated by comparing with the standard skin colors in the $C_bC_r$ color space. It divides the background from the skin region by selecting the maximum value according to the brightness level. As the histogram has the form of a discontinuous function. It is accumulated according to the brightness values of the pixels. It is then, approximated by a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) using the Bezier curve technique. Thus, the proposed method detects the skin region using the mean shift procedure to determine a maximum value. Rather than using a manually selected threshold value, as in existing techniques this becomes the dividing point. Experiments confirm that the new procedure effectively detects the skin region.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2007

This paper describes a real-time face tracking system using effective detector and Kalman filter. In the proposed system, an image is separated into a background and an object using a real-time updated face color for effective face detection. The face features are extracted using the five types of simple Haar-like features. The extracted features are reinterpreted using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and interpreted principal components are used for Support Vector Machine (SVM) that classifies the faces and non-faces. The moving face is traced with Kalman filter, which uses the static information of the detected faces and the dynamic information of changes between previous and current frames. The proposed system sets up an initial skin color and updates a region of a skin color through a moving skin color in a real time. It is possible to remove a background which has a similar color with a skin through updating a skin color in a real time. Also, as reducing a potential-face region using a skin color, the performance is increased up to 50% when comparing to the case of extracting features from a whole region.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 입력영상에서 적응적으로 피부색상 모델을 생성하여 얼굴을 탐지하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법의 기본적인 절차는 먼저 눈의 특징을 인공신경망에 적용하여 눈 후보를 찾은 후, 그 주변의 색상을 이용하여 피부영역의 색상값 분포를 찾는다. 그 다음은 피부영역으로 검출된 색상값 분포를 이용하여 얼굴영역을 산출하고, 해당 얼굴영역 내에서 입 후보를 찾아 눈 후보와 입 후보의 구조적인 관계가 얼굴 구조와의 일치여부를 판단하여 얼굴영역을 검증하는 과정을 거친다. 이 방법은 눈을 찾아서 피부영역을 적응적으로 검출하기 때문에 기존의 얼굴탐지 방법들의 문제인 피부색상의 왜곡으로 인한 오검출을 해결하였다. 실험은 눈 탐지와, 피부 탐지, 입 탐지, 얼굴탐지에 대해 각각 수행하였다. 실험을 통하여 기존의 주요 방법들 보다 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2004년도 심포지엄 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.105-107
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• 2004

In this work, we suggested the method which improves the efficiency of the face detection algorithm using Pulse-Coupled Neural Network. Face detection algorithm which uses the color information is independent on size, angle, and obstruction of a face. But the use of color information encounters some problems arising from skin-tone color in the background, intensity variation within faces, and presence of random noise, and so on. Depending on these conditions, we obtained the mean and variance of skin-tone colors by experiments. Then we introduce a preprocess that the pixel with a mean value of skin-tone colors has highest level value(255) and the other pixels in the skin-tone region have values between 0 and 255 according to a normal distribution with a variance. This preprocess leads to an easy decision of the linking parameters.