• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.594-599
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• 2016

Infection with HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus), over time, develops into acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The development of non-toxic and effective anti-HIV drugs is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of AIDS. In this study, we investigated the anti-HIV-1 activity of gelatin hydrolysates from Alaska pollack skin. Gelatin hydrolysates were prepared using four enzymes (alcalase, flavourzyme, neutrase, and pronase E). Among these, the pronase E gelatin hydrolysate was found to inhibit HIV-1 infection in the human T cell-line MT4. It exhibited inhibitory activity on HIV-1_IIIB-induced cell lysis, reverse transcriptase activity, and viral p24 production at noncytotoxic concentrations. Moreover, it decreased the activation of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in vitro. Because HIV infection-induced activation of MMP-2 can accelerate collagen resolution and collapse of the immune system, pronase E gelatin hydrolysate might prevent the activation of MMP-2 in cells, resulting in collagen stabilization and immune cell homeostasis consistent with anti-HIV activation. These results suggest that pronase E gelatin hydrolysate could potentially be incorporated into a novel therapeutic agent for HIV/AIDS patients.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.172-178
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• 2005

Dandelions have been reported to have medicinal properties and bioactive components that impact human health. However, the precise biological properties of dandelions and the parts of the plants possessing bioactive components remain uncertain. In this study, we evaluated 3 different types of dandelions based on their cultivation origin (Songpa, Uiryung, and native Uiryung types) as well as their 4 different plant parts (leaf, flower, root, skin). Each sample was extracted with $80\%$ methanol and then compared for the biological activities (anti-oxidative, immune cell proliferative and tumor cell growth inhibitory activities). All 3 types of dandelions possessed a degree of biological functions including the hydroxyl radical scavenger activity, immune cell proliferative activity and tumor cell growth inhibitory activity. However, there was no significant difference in these activities between the 3 dandelion types. Leaves of all three dandelion types showed the highest levels of all biological activities. To a lesser degree, the flower and root parts displayed biological activities. In the skin parts, anti-oxidative activity was also detected only at higher doses of dandelion extracts. Heating the dandelion leaf extract did not affect the biological activity, suggesting a heat-stable nature of the biological compounds. Taken together, these collective data suggest that dandelions, in particular their leaves, possess a high concentration of heat-resistant biological compounds, which are responsible for anti-oxidative, immune cell proliferative and tumor cell growth-inhibitory activities.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.446-454
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the efficacy of SHT against atopic dermatitis (AD), various immune related cytokines as well as histological comparison were performed in animal models, and the results are described. Clinical skin index of the SHT treated group decreased significantly in weeks 11 and 13, compared to the control group. Also, CD4+ immune cell ratio in the dorsal skin was significantly decreased to 69%, and both epidermal and dermal skin thickness was decreased. Serum IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13, and TNF-${\alpha}$, which are all important markers of inflammation, were decreased to 64%, 44%, 87%, 48%, and 45%, respectively. The expression of histamine, a chemical transmitter increasingly released during the progression of inflammation, was significantly decreased to 47%. The production of IgE immunoglobulin was significantly decreased to 16% compared to the control group. In conclusion, SHT pacifies the activation of T cells, leading to suppression of both Th2 cytokine overexpression and infiltration of immune cells into skin. As a result, relative thinning of both epidermis and dermis were observed. With the results obtained from in vitro studies, the immune modulatory effect of SHT in AD animal models was experimentally demonstrated. This study should provide solid information to construct EBM and for clinical practice.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.10.1-10.14
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• 2019

Fish skin waste accounts for part of the solid waste generated from seafood processing. Utilization of fish skin by bioconversion into high-grade products would potentially reduce pollution and economic cost associated with treating fish processing waste. Fish skin is an abundant supply of gelatin and collagen which can be hydrolyzed to produce bioactive peptides of 2-20 amino acid sequences. Bioactivity of peptides purified from fish skin includes a range of activities such as antihypertensive, anti-oxidative, antimicrobial, neuroprotection, antihyperglycemic, and anti-aging. Fish skin acts as a physical barrier and chemical barrier through antimicrobial peptide innate immune action and other functional peptides. Small peptides have been demonstrated to possess biological activities which are based on their amino acid composition and sequence. Fish skin-derived peptides contain a high content of hydrophobic amino acids which contribute to the antioxidant and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory activity. The peptide-specific composition and sequence discussed in this review can be potentially utilized in the development of pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2022

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is known to induce apoptosis of host immune cells and impair phagocytic clearance, thereby being pivotal in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) exert therapeutic effects against inflammatory and immune diseases. In the present study, we investigated whether systemic administration of ASCs restores the phagocytic activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and decolonizes cutaneous S. aureus under AD conditions. AD was induced by injecting capsaicin into neonatal rat pups. ASCs were extracted from the subcutaneous adipose tissues of naïve rats and administered to AD rats once a week for a month. Systemic administration of ASCs ameliorated AD-like symptoms, such as dermatitis scores, serum IgE, IFN-γ⁺/IL-4⁺ cell ratio, and skin colonization by S. aureus in AD rats. Increased FasL mRNA and annexin V⁺/7-AAD⁺ cells in the PBMCs obtained from AD rats were drastically reversed when co-cultured with ASCs. In contrast, both PBMCs and CD163⁺ cells bearing fluorescent zymosan particles significantly increased in AD rats treated with ASCs. Additionally, the administration of ASCs led to an increase in the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides, such as cathelicidin and β-defensin, in the skin of AD rats. Our results demonstrate that systemic administration of ASCs led to decolonization of S. aureus by attenuating apoptosis of immune cells in addition to restoring phagocytic activity. This contributes to the improvement of skin conditions in AD rats. Therefore, administration of ASCs may be helpful in the treatment of patients with intractable AD.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제99권4호
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• pp.470-478
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• 2010

고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 각 부위별 UV보호능에 의한 피부미백과 피부면역활성에 대해 연구하였다. 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 수피 부위는 다른 부위의 2.67% 그리고 2.45%보다 높은 추출 수율을 나타내었다. 섬유아세포인 CCD-986sk에 대한 세포독성 결과 1.0 mg/mL의 농도에서 21.64%보다 낮은 세포독성을 보였다. 고로쇠나무 수피 추출물은 UV를 조사한 CCD-986sk 세포에서 30%이하의 MMP-1 발현을 억제하였다. 1.0 mg/mL의 고로쇠 수피 추출물의 경우 $PGE_2$ 발현이 상당히 감소되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 일반적으로 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠나무의 수피 추출물이 다른 부위보다 높은 활성을 보이는데 반해 흥미롭게도 우산고로쇠나무의 목부 추출물은 Clone-M3세포에서 79.25%의 높은 멜라닌 생성저해 활성을 보였다. 이러한 결과로부터 고로쇠 및 우산고로쇠 수피 추출물이 목부 추출물에 비해 높은 향장활성을 보임을 확인할 수 있었고, 이들 추출물이 피부미백과 피부면역활성을 가짐으로서 앞으로 향장소재로서의 개발 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1995년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.103-103
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• 1995

There have been several reports regarding the effects of Panax ginseng on allergy reactions. However, they are very sporadic and no systemic yet. To study the effects of Panax ginseng on hypersensitivity, either ginseng total saponin (GTS, 200mg/kg, oral, two hours prior to experiments) or ethanol extract (50 and 200 mg/kg, oral, one week) was administered. Various parameters were employed to assess the anti-allergic actions of Panax ginseng 48hr passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), skin reactions, histamine release from rat peritoneal mast eel Is, and lipoxygenase activity. In 48hr PCA, and in skin reactions induced by chemical mediators (histamine, serotonin) and mediator releaser (compound 48/80), Panax ginseng did not suppress sensitized immune functions, rather showed tendency to increase the histamine-induced vascular permeabi1ity. Panax ginseng did not inhibit lipoxygenase activity either.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.378-383
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• 2014

Curcuma longa L. leaf was extracted by water at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12 hours after being treatment of Ultra High Pressure under 500 MPa for 5-15 minute. The high pressure extraction for 15 minute (HPE15) was measured the highest extraction yield of 25.48% (w/w), compared to those from conventional extraction methods. The HPE15 showed the lowest cytotoxicity as 11.97% in adding $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of concentration. Also, HPE15 was measured the highest inhibition of hyaluronidase as 44.48% in adding $1.0mg/m{\ell}$. In addition, The production of NO from macrophages was measured as $7.06{\mu}M$ in adding $1.0mg/m{\ell}$ of HPE15, which was lower than the those from others processes. Finally, HPE15 significantly reduced up to $649.44pg/m{\ell}$ of $ProstaglandinE_2$ production from UV-irradiation. These results suggest that the Curcuma longa Linne leaf extract from high pressure process might enhance the skin immune activities possibly by high elution of active components than other processes.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2013

Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD) and rosacea were complicated by barrier abrogation and deficiency in innate immunity. The first defender of epidermal innate immune response is the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that exhibit a broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens, including Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The deficiency of these AMPs in the skin of AD fails to protect our body against virulent pathogen infections. In contrast to AD where there is a suppression of AMPs, rosacea is characterized by overexpression of cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP), the products of which result in chronic epidermal inflammation. In this regard, AMP generation that is controlled by a key ceramide metabolite S1P-dependent mechanism could be considered as alternate therapeutic approaches to treat these skin disorders, i.e., Increased S1P levels strongly stimulated the CAMP expression which elevated the antimicrobial activity against multiple pathogens resulting the improved AD patient skin.

• 생약학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 1996

Ulmus parvifolia has been used as a traditional folk medicine to treat the carbuncle in deep skin. In this study, the effect of water extract of root bark of Ulmus parvifolia (WUP) on the carbuncle, pain, inflammation and hypersensitivity was evaluated in animal models. The administration of WUP significantly decreased the size of Staphylococcus aureus ($10^8$ cells/mouse)-induced carbuncle, and also exhibited analgesic activity in the HAc-induced writhing syndrome at doses of 50-500 mg/kg. It also showed significant anti-inflammatory activity in the carageenin- and complete Freund's adjuvant-induced inflammation. In the histamine-induced anaphylaxis, it decreased the percent of mortality by protecting mice treated with Bordetella pertussis. In the immune responses in the mice sensitized and challenged with sheep red blood cells, the Arthus reaction determined by swelling of foot pad at 4 h after challenge, HA titer, HY titer and PFC which can be used to evaluate the humoral immune response were significantly suppressed by oral administration of WUP at doses of 100 and 200mg/kg. The cellular immune responses in the same mice such as delayed type hypersensitivity determined by swelling of foot pad at 24 h after challenge and RFC were also significantly suppressed in the same manner.