• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.164-175
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• 2009

CFD is used to analyze gas flow characteristics, power absorption, electron temperature, electron density and chemical species profile of an internal antenna type inductively coupled plasma system. An optimized grid generation technology is used for a complex real-scale models for industry. A bare metal antenna shows concentrated power absorption around rf a feeding line. Skin depth of power absorption for a system is modeled to 50 mm, which is reported 53 mm by experiments. For an application of bipolar plates for hydrogen fuel cells, multi-sheet loading ICP nitriding system is proposed using an internal ICP antenna. It shows higher atomic nitrogen density than reported simple pulsed dc nitriding systems. Minimum gap between sheets for uniform nitriding is modeled to be 39 mm.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 1997

Background : Patients mover more as their post operative pain decrease. With the increase in movement there will be a tendency for the epidural catheter to migrate out of its original position. We studied 2 methods of fixation of the epidural catheter and the changes in position as related to patient movement. Methods : Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A had their epidural catheter formed with a circular loop at the (skin) exit site then directed over the right shoulder. Group B had the epidural catheter flxed with Fixomull on the exit site without forming a circular loop. At the end of the operation, 3 mg of epidural morphine was injected via indwelling epidural catheter for postoperative pain control. Epidural catheter depth was measured 24 hours later. Results : The overall rate of migration of epidural catheter was 61.9%. In Group A, number of patients whose catheter migrated over 0.5 cm was 23(69.9%) with 14 inward migration and 9 outward migration. Group B had 16(53%) patients catheters migrate over 0.5 cm, with 2 patients having inward migration and 14 outward migration. Conclusions : Although the rates of migration of epidural catheter were similar for both groups, the number of inner migration of catheter, which could result serious complications, was significantly lower in Group B than Group A. Based on our results we recommend the epidural catheter be fixed without a circular loop.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2018

This study examined the properties of photons and the dose distribution in a human body via a simulation where the total body irradiation(TBI) is performed on a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom and a child size water phantom. Based on this, we tried to find the optimal photon beam energy and material for beam spoiler. In this study, MCNPX (Ver. 2.5.0), a simulation program based on the Monte Carlo method, was used for the photon beam analysis and TBI simulation. Several different beam spoiler materials (plexiglass, copper, lead, aluminium) were used, and three different electron beam energies were used in the simulated accelerator to produce photon beams (6, 10, and 15 MeV). Moreover, both a water phantom for calculating the depth-dependent dosage and a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom for calculating the organ dosage were used. The homogeneity of photon beam was examined in different depths for the water phantom, which shows the 20%-40% difference for each material. Next, the org an doses on pediatric anthropomorphic phantom were examined, and the results showed that the average dose for each part of the body was skin 17.7 Gy, sexual gland 15.2 Gy, digestion 13.8 Gy, liver 11.8 Gy, kidney 9.2 Gy, lungs 6.2 Gy, and brain 4.6 Gy. Moreover, as for the organ doses according to materials, the highest dose was observed in lead while the lowest was observed in plexiglass. Plexiglass in current use is considered the most suitable material, and a 6 or 10 MV photon energy plan tailored to the patient condition is considered more suitable than a higher energy plan.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.128-142
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• 2018

This study explores newborn clothing with regard to clothing type, construction, textiles, design, size, and label placement. Related consumer complaints are also analyzed. Analysis of 50 newborn clothing items revealed six types of newborn clothing: baenaet jeogori, baenaet gown, bodysuit, one-piece, shirt and pants set, and pants. The baenaet jeogori was the most common type, and the most commonly used fasteners were ties and snaps. The following characteristics were commonly observed: front opening, long raglan sleeves, mitten cuffs, cotton fabric, white/ivory color, animal print, contrast hem, $appliqu{\acute{e}}$, and size 60. In-depth interviews of 12 mothers with children under 24 months revealed that the baenaet jeogori was the most unsatisfactory type; the shirt and pants set and bodysuit were preferred. Interviewees were dissatisfied with types of openings, expressing a preference for snaps and complaining about ties, too many snaps, metal snaps, and shoulder openings. Overly wide or narrow sleeves resulted in improper fit, and long sleeves made it difficult to dress the baby. Interviewees required diverse sleeve length options. They were dissatisfied with heavy fabric for hot and warm seasons, and with labels attached inside clothing or outside near the neckline. Mothers with particularly small or big babies complained about limited sizes. To improve current newborn clothing, additional items such as shirt and pants sets or individual pants, front opening clothing with few snaps, proper sleeve fit with diverse length options, lightweight fabric for hot and warm seasons, label placement that avoids skin irritation, and size segmentation are recommended.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the current situation of domestic patents in Korea on natural products and to provide directions for developing and applying herbal medicinal products by in-depth analyses. Methods : Combinations of words, such as "A61K" or "A61P", "herb" or "Korean medicinal herb" or "Korean medicine" or "traditional" or "natural" or "$botanic^*$" or "China", and "medicine" or "treatment" or "prevention" or "improvement", were used to search patents in the World Intellectual Property Service (WIPS) database. Three methods were applied to analyze natural products patents. First, the number of patent registrations was sorted by year. Second, the assignees were analyzed by count and country of origin. Finally, cluster map analysis was conducted to explore frequently emerging words in natural products and the relationship amongst those words to treat corresponding diseases/technologies. Results : Results showed that, first, the total number of patents had been increasing. Among the patents, 76.4% were registered by domestic institutes/companies, and 23.6% by foreign institutes/companies. Second, USA, Japan, and China possess a considerable number of Korean patents and, therefore, domestic institutes/companies can seek joint technological development opportunities with their counterparts from those countries in the future. Finally, a total of four clusters were identified by cluster map analysis. Each of the clusters includes natural products related to diseases involving skin, aging, and blood sugar, as well as adult diseases. Conclusions : In this study, natural products patents registered in the Korean Intellectual Property Office were analyzed. The analyses results showed the kinds of natural products that had been employed for the treatment of certain diseases. However, natural products included in existing patents were minimal given that 4,174 species of indigenous plants are found in Korea. Thus, Korean institutes/companies should utilize unexplored plants to develop more value-added drugs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

A survey on the fishing gear for octopus drift-line fishing was done in Gangwon-do, Sacheon, Gyeongnam and Hokkaido, Japan, while a survey on the environments of fishing grounds used data from January to August from the Korea east coast farming forecast system of Donghae Fisheries Research and Development Institute. The present situation of fishing was examined with boats engaging in drift-line fishing from March to August in the coastal waters along Gangneung. The fishing tackle for octopus drift-line fishing was made manually, and the size, shape, and weight of the hook and number of shooting used vary according to the fishing time and region. Lead is used as the material for sinkers. As bait, pork fat with skin is mostly used in Gangwon-do. The temperature of the bottom water layer in the coastal fishing ground of Gangneung from April to June ranges from $3.2-12.4^{\circ}C$, which is the optimal temperature for octopuses. During July and August, the temperature ranges from $5.0-20.6^{\circ}C$. The maximum difference between day and night temperatures reached up to $9.2^{\circ}C$. Salinity is generally stable at $33.2-35.324.6%_{\circ}$, which does not affect the inhabitation of octopuses. The octopus catch reached its peak from May to July, while most octopuses weighed less than 1 kg (76.7%). The results show that it is effective to carry out octopus drift-line fishing up to a depth of 40 meters; and that the maximum number of octopuses per line is obtained with an operation time of six hours.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

For transdermal delivery of large molecular drugs such as vaccine and protein drugs, novel microneedle treatment device with roll was designed. The roll dimension is 1.43 cm diameter and 2.8 cm perimeter. Total number of microneedle on the roll is 3,360 with $230\;{\mu}m$ height and $740\;{\mu}m$ distance. The pore with $150\;{\mu}m$ depth and $35\;{\mu}m$ diameter on the skin was made by the designed microneedle device. This system could be achieved without pain. The permeation rates of FITC labelled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA, molecular weight: 45,000 g/mol) as a model protein were determined by modified Franz diffusion cells using skins of hairless mice or SD rats which were treated by using microneedle device two or four times. The average penetration fluxes of model protein increased from 674 to $872\;{\mu}g/cm^{2}{\cdot}hr$ as the number of treatment to make pore increased from two to four times. In conclusion, we confirmed the possibility of using the designed microneedle treatment device for transdermal delivery of the large molecular drugs.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.6 no.1_2
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• pp.48-79
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• 1999

Background : The clothing is considered as second skin. The patient clothing needs basic clothing demands which are comfortable, functional and aesthetical and special demeands which are associated with medical examination, treatment and management of daily-life inconveniences. The patient is weak and labile to psychic trauma and has limitation of movement. So the help of others is needed. But recent patient clothing does not satisfy above demands. So the design, making and management of patient clothing to satisfy those demands are very important. The purpose of this study' is to develop multipurpose clothing which is comfortable, functional, aesthetical and satisfying patients and medical personnels. Method : The questionnaires of existing patient clothing were tested by patients, medical doctors, and nurses. After analyzing two types of questionnaires, eight types of experimental patient clothing were made. After preference test, shortcomings were removed and merits were adapted. One type of multipurpose patient clothing mixing eight above experimental clothing was made. The state of wearing and moving were videotaped. The videotape-recoding was watched by patient, caregivers(medical doctors, nurses) and clothing specialists. Result : The general reaction for experimental clothing were positive by the group of patients, medical personnels and clothing specialist, there were significant differences among three groups. Conclusion : It was thought that to develop one type of multipurpose clothing is possible. If the studys for patient clothing which are free-size and economic matters that are type of clothes and method of washing are made in depth, the desirable patient clothing will appear.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.281-286
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• 2005

This paper presents sensitivity analysis of generalized rapid relaxation inversion (GRRI) algorithm for inverting controlled-source audio-frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT) data. The algorithm was originally developed by modifying the RRI algorithm to recover a two-dimensional (2-D) conductivity structure of the Earth from MT data, but can be extended to include CSAMT data if it is combined with 2.5-D forward modeling. These GRRI approximate sensitivities are validated by comparison with exact 1-D and 2.5-D sensitivities. The comparison shows that the GRRI sensitivity is a good approximation to the exact sensitivity and has about half magnitude of the RRI sensitivity. Although the magnitude of the GRRI sensitivity is still slightly larger than that of the 2.5-D sensitivity, both sensitivities are broadly similar in shape when source-receiver offsets are greater than one skin depth on the Earth.