• 사상체질의학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.187-192
• /
• 1992

Skin conductance level (SCL) is used to analyze the individual differences in pathological states. The points of measurement were on the back of the second metacarpals, according to the Zhang's biological whole body medical treatment method. SCL was measured in 38 healthy men and women and in 98 patients in lung, liver, stomach, kidney, and paralysis. The classification of the physical constitution was done to them with respect to Lee's physical constitution theory. The following tendencies were observed. 1. SCL in patients group is lower than that in healthy group. 2. In healthy group, SCL in micro-positive physical constitution is higher than those of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution. 3. In patients group, SCL in micro-positive physical constitution is lower than those of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution vice versa.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한의용생체공학회 1991년도 추계학술대회
• /
• pp.126-128
• /
• 1991

Skin conductance level(SCL) was measured in 51 paralytic subjects. The measurements are made on the back of the second metacarpal according to the Zhang's method. Physical constitution is classified based on the Lee's physical constitution theory. The following tendencies were observed. In paralytic examinees, SCL of micro-positive physical constitution is generally higher than that of micro-negative and macro-negative physical constitution. And as Setting old, SCL is slightly decreased.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제29권6호
• /
• pp.869-874
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the skin conductance level (SCL) induced by unexpected situation which reflected the emotional and cognitional responses during driving. The participants included 57 college graduates; 28 males aged $24.5{\pm}1.3$ with $2.3{\pm}1.5$ years of driving experiences and 29 females aged $23.6{\pm}2.6$ with $2.2{\pm}1.7$ years of driving experience. Reaction time of brake, averaged SCL, maximum SCL, and rising time to maximum amplitude were measured. They were analysed according to condition (crash, non-crash) and gender (male, female). The reaction time of brake was more faster and averaged SCL was greater during non-crash condition than during crash condition. There were no significant differences between male and female drivers in the reaction time of brake and averaged SCL whether or not it crash. There were no significant differences between crash and non-crash conditions in the maximum SCL and rising time to maximum amplitude, but there were significant differences between male and female in them. These results support the hypothesis that averaged SCL is more related to cognitional response and maximum SCL and rising time to maximum amplitude are more related to emotional responses.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제33권2호
• /
• pp.18-22
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigated correlation between personal aggression and skin conductance level during watching attack image. Twenty three male ($21.4\pm1.8$ years) college students participated in this experiment. A personal aggression of each subject measured by questionnaire. The experimental procedure consisted of four phases, i.e., rest state (15 min), control image 1 (2 min. 14 sec), aggression image (50 sec), and control image 2 (2 min. 14 sec). Control image 1 and 2 consisted of sea, mountain, and valley scenary. Aggression image used scenes of the violence movie. Skin Conductance Level (SCL) of electrothermal activity was measured during watching the images. The SCL was greater during aggression image than during control image 1 and 2. A negative correlation was found between aggressive personality and change rate of SCL during watching aggression image compared to control image 1. This results suggests that aggression image was accompanied by the higher activation of Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS). Also, the higher aggression scores, an increasing rate of SNS activation was become smaller during watching aggression image.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국감성과학회 1997년도 한국감성과학회 연차학술대회논문집
• /
• pp.233-237
• /
• 1997

쾌. 불쾌를 유발하는 미약한 심상자극과 인지적 암산과제가 피부전기반응(Skin Conductance Level)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 피험자는 9명의 대학생(남자 5명, 여자 4명)이었다. 연구결과 3회의 기저수준의 SCL 상에는 차이가 없었다. 암산과제시의 SCL수준이 가장 높았 다. 본 연구에서 사용된 절차와 자극 과제가 장차의 연구를 위한 객관적인 자료수집 절차로서 유용함이 시사되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제35권2호
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) and driving performance of relatively aged and high-experienced drivers. The subjects included 26 taxi drivers; 12 males aged $56.3{\pm}4.4$ with $28.4{\pm}6.4$ years of driving experiences and 14 females aged $55.5{\pm}3.5$ with $19.4{\pm}5.0$ years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a constant following distance (30m) from the car ahead and a given vehicle speed (80km/h or 100km/h) in a driving simulator. The relative change of SCL, vehicle velocity deviations, and average following distances were measured during driving only and driving with secondary tasks. The relative change of SCL, average following distance, and vehicle velocity deviation were more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. The relative change of SCL, vehicle velocity deviation, and average following distance were more affected by driving with 100km/hr than 80km/hr of a given vehicle speed. Secondary tasks increased a work load of drivers in term of SCL change, and decreased driving performance in terms of the vehicle velocity deviation and average following distance.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제5권2호
• /
• pp.11-22
• /
• 2002

본 연구의 목적은 단기적 쾌 또는 불쾌 자극의 생리적 반응지표로서의 전기 피부반응[electrodermal response(EDR) 또는 Galvanic Skin Response(GSR)로 총칭의 유용 가능성을 탐색하고, 이를 위한 자료수집 절차를 확립하기 위한 예비연구의 수행에 있다. 이를 위해 쾌 또는 불쾌를 유발하는 미약한 심상자극과 인지적 암산과제가 피부 전도도(skin conductance level : SCL)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 피험자는 9명의 대학생(남자 5명, 여자 4명)이었다. 쾌 불쾌 자극의 선정방법으로서 각 피험자에게 일련의 단어를 제시하고 머리 속에 떠오르는 대로 좋아하는 대상과 싫어하는 대상을 적게 한 후 그 중 가장 좋아하는 대상과 싫어하는 대상을 선택하게 하였다 이 대상을 각각 쾌\ulcorner불쾌를 유발하는 심상자극으로 사용하였다 세 번째로 제시된 정신적 내면자극은 전통적으로 그 효과가 입증된 인지적 암산과제(숫자 빼기)였다. 자극자료 수집절차는 기저수준 기간, 쾌를 유발하는 심상, 기저수준, 불쾌심상, 기저수준, 암산과제의 순으로 진행되면서 매 10초 간격으로 SCL을 기록하였다. 선행연구와 달리 본 연구에서는 사전 조사연구를 실시하고 이 결과를 토대로 심상의 미세한 심리적 효과가 보다 잘 드러나도록 자료수집 절차가 수정 \ulcorner보완되었다. 즉, 심상자극을 상상한 후 심상자극에 몰입을 충실히 하면서 잡음신호(Irtifact)를 극소화하기 위하여 생생한 심상에 몰입하고 나면 손가락을 살짝 들어서 실험자에게 신호를 보내도륵 하였으며, 기저수준으로의 원상회복을 촉진시키기 위하여 이완의 수준을 깊게 해 주는 데 초점을 둔 지시문을 읽어 주었다. 연구결과, 3회의 기저수준의 SCL상에는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 이는 선행연구에서 사용된 절차와 달리 본 연구에서 사용된 절차가 여러 자극의 효과비교에 필요한 기저수준의 안정성을 달성하였음을 알려 준다. 또한 암산과제시의 SCL수준이 가장 높게 나타났고, 괴로운 심상자극의 경우보다도 SCL 수준이 유의미하게 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 암산과제가 가장 큰 생리적 흥분을 일으킴을 시사한다. 종합하면, 본 연구에서 사용된 절차와 자극과제는 장차 내면의 심리자극의 정신생리적 효과를 연구할 때 좀더 많은 피험자를 대상으로 적용해 볼 가치가 있다고 여겨진다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
• /
• 제34권1호
• /
• pp.9-13
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the secondary tasks such as sending text message (STM) and searching navigation (SN) on skin conductance level (SCL) and deviation of vehicle speed during driving. The participants included 30 healthy adults; 14 males aged $25.2{\pm}0.9$ with $1.9{\pm}1.8$ years of driving experiences and 16 females aged $22.6{\pm}1.9$ with $1.2{\pm}0.8$ years of driving experiences. All subjects were instructed to keep a constant speed (80km/h or 100km/h). SCL and deviation of vehicle speed were measured during driving only and driving with secondary tasks. SCL and deviation of vehicle speed were more increased during the driving with secondary tasks than driving only. Secondary tasks increased an activation of sympathetic nerve system and decreased driving performance. However, there were no significant differences in the SCL and deviation of vehicle speed according to gender and speed.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국음향학회 1999년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제18권 1호
• /
• pp.269-273
• /
• 1999

Combination of mental stress task with noise background is a traditional tool employed in psychophysiology. However, intensity of background noise is a factor affecting both performance on test and psychophysiological responses associated with stress evoked by mental load in noisy environment. In the current study on 7 subjects we analyzed the influence of white noise (WN) intensity (55, 70, and 85 dB[A] ) on psychophysiological responses during word recognition test performed on noise background. There were recorded following physiological variables: electrodermal activity (EDA) , namely, skin conductance level (SCL), skin conductance response (SCR) amplitude (SCR-A), rise time and total number of SCRs (N-SCR); cardiovascular activity, e.g., heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) index, pulse transit time (PTT), finger pulse volume (PV), skin temperature (SKT) and respiratory activity, such as respiration rate (RESP-R) and inspiration wane amplitude (RESP-A) during baseline resting state and 40 s long performance on 3 similar Korean word recognition tests with different WN intensity (55, 70, and 85 dB). Electrodermal responses (SCR-A, SCL, N-SCR) demonstrated gradual increment with increased intensity of noise, and this increase of response magnitude with higher intensity of noise was typical also for r skin temperature (phasic SKT decrease) and pulse volume (phasic and tonic PV decrease). However, some cardiovascular and respiratory responses did not exhibit same tendency of gradual increase of reactivity , namely HR, as well as RESP-R and RESP-A showed decrement of response magnitudes. Important finding in terms of cardiovascular reactivity was that 55 and 70dB evoked similar profiles, while 85dB WN resulted in significantly different profile of reactions, suggesting that there exists a threshold level after which intensive auditory stimulation elicits psychophyslological responses pattern of different quality. There are discussed potential autonomic mechanism involved in mediation of observed physiological responses.

• 감성과학
• /
• 제12권4호
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2009

본 연구에서는 세 단계의 각성 수준이 3-back 과제 수행능력에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 관찰하고자 하였다. 10명의 남자(평균 $25.7{\pm}1.5$세) 대학생과 10명의 여자(평균 $24.5{\pm}1.8$세) 대학생이 본 실험에 참여하였다. 집단검사를 통해 추출된 사진을 이용하여 세 단계의 각성 수준 즉, 긴장, 중립, 이완감성을 유발하였다. 모든 피험자는 각 각성 수준에 대해 한 번씩, 총 3번의 실험에 참여하였다. 안정1(2분), 각성유발사진제시1(2분), 3-back 과 제1(2분), 각성유발사진제시2(2분), 3-back 과제2(2분), 안정2(2분)의 6단계로 실험이 진행되었고, 전 단계에서 피부전도수준(skin conductance level: SCL)도 함께 측정하였다. 3-back 과제의 정답률은 중립 조건일 때 가장컸고, 이완, 긴장 조건 순서였다. 반응시간은 세 조건 간의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 모든 구간에서 측정된 피부전도수준은 긴장 조건일 때 가장 컸고, 중립, 이완 순서로 나타남으로써, 사용된 각성유발사진이 적절한 각성수준을 유발하였음을 확인하였다. 본 연구결과로부터 인지 처리와 무관하게 유발된 긴장도의 증가나 감소는 과제 수행능력을 감소시킬 수 있다는 사실을 유추할 수 있다.