• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.93-97
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• 2005

This study was conducted to clarify the morphological characteristics of Goheung native garlic variety compared with those of Spain and Taiwan varieties in Goheung region. Bulb fresh weights of Goheung, Spain and Taiwan varieties were 59.1g, 120.3g and 78.1g. Those bulb diameters were as followed that Spain 8.1cm, Taiwan 7.2cm and Goheung 5.3cm. And, bulb heights were Spain 5.4cm, Taiwan 4.4cm and Goheung 4.0cm. Bulb shape index of garlics by different varieties were increased in the order of Taiwan, Spain and Goheung products. Number of cloves produced in garlics were in the order of Goheung (12.1), Taiwan (11.4) and Spain (8.2) products. And clove fresh weight of garlics were Spain (7.7g), Taiwan (6.8g) and Goheung (4.6g) products. Clove height of garlics were in the order of Spain (2.8cm), Taiwan (2.4cm) and Goheung (2.1cm) products. And, clove diameter of garlics were Spain (2.1cm), Taiwan (1.7cm) and Goheung (1.3cm) products. Clove shape index of garlics by different varieties were increased in the order of Goheung (1.62), Taiwan (1.45) and Spain (1.32) products. Skin color differences in terms of a value were increased in the order of Goheung, Taiwan and Spain varieties. Surface color differences of flesh texture and peeled clove for garlics by the different garlic varieties were not significant.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.219-228
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• 2012

In this paper, we propose a paper keyboard piano implementation using the finger movement detection with the 3D image data from a kinect. Keyboard pattern and keyboard depth information are extracted from the color image and depth image to detect the touch event on the paper keyboard and to identify the touched key. Hand region detection error is unavoidable when using the simple comparison method between input depth image and background depth image, and this error is critical in key touch detection. Skin color is used to minimize the error. And finger tips are detected using contour detection with area limit and convex hull. Finally decision of key touch is carried out with the keyboard pattern information at the finger tip position. The experimental results showed that the proposed method can detect key touch with high accuracy. Paper keyboard piano can be utilized for the easy and convenient interface for the beginner to learn playing piano with the PC-based learning software.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.56-63
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• 2007

In this paper, an eye tracking method is presented using a neural network (NN) and mean-shift algorithm that can accurately detect and track user's eyes under the cluttered background. In the proposed method, to deal with the rigid head motion, the facial region is first obtained using skin-color model and con-nected-component analysis. Thereafter the eye regions are localized using neural network (NN)-based tex-ture classifier that discriminates the facial region into eye class and non-eye class, which enables our method to accurately detect users' eyes even if they put on glasses. Once the eye region is localized, they are continuously and correctly tracking by mean-shift algorithm. To assess the validity of the proposed method, it is applied to the interface system using eye movement and is tested with a group of 25 users through playing a 'aligns games.' The results show that the system process more than 30 frames/sec on PC for the $320{\times}240$ size input image and supply a user-friendly and convenient access to a computer in real-time operation.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2011

Vision-based Human computer interaction is an emerging field of science and industry to provide natural way to communicate with human and computer. Especially, recent increasing demands for mobile augmented reality require the development of efficient interactive technologies between the augmented virtual object and users. This paper presents a novel approach to construct marker-less mobile augmented reality object and control the object. Replacing a traditional market, the human hand interface is used for marker-less mobile augmented reality system. In order to implement the marker-less mobile augmented system in the limited resources of mobile device compared with the desktop environments, we proposed a method to extract an optimal hand region which plays a role of the marker and augment object in a realtime fashion by using the camera attached on mobile device. The optimal hand region detection can be composed of detecting hand region with YCbCr skin color model and extracting the optimal rectangle region with Rotating Calipers Algorithm. The extracted optimal rectangle region takes a role of traditional marker. The proposed method resolved the problem of missing the track of fingertips when the hand is rotated or occluded in the hand marker system. From the experiment, we can prove that the proposed framework can effectively construct and control the augmented virtual object in the mobile environments.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.243-248
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a new method to extract palm lines and read it with simple techniques from one photo. We use morphological information and 8-directional contour tracking algorithm. From the digitalized image, we transform original RGB information to YCbCr color model which is less sensitive to the brightness information. The palm region is extracted by simple threshold as Y:65~255, Cb:25~255, Cr:130~255 of skin color. Noise removal process is then followed with morphological information of the palm such that the palm area has more than quarter of the pixels and the rate of width vs height is more than 2:1 and 8-directional contour tracking algorithm. Then, the stretching algorithm and Sobel mask are applied to extract edges. Another morphological information that the meaningful edges(palm lines) have between 10 and 20 pixels is used to exclude noise edges and boundary lines of the hand from block binarized image. Main palm lines are extracted then by labeling method. This algorithm is quite effective even reading the palm from a photographed by a mobile phone, which suggests that this method could be used in various applications.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-83
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• 2008

We propose a welfare interface using multiple fecial features tracking, which can efficiently implement various mouse operations. The proposed system consist of five modules: face detection, eye detection, mouth detection, facial feature tracking, and mouse control. The facial region is first obtained using skin-color model and connected-component analysis(CCs). Thereafter the eye regions are localized using neutral network(NN)-based texture classifier that discriminates the facial region into eye class and non-eye class, and then mouth region is localized using edge detector. Once eye and mouth regions are localized they are continuously and correctly tracking by mean-shift algorithm and template matching, respectively. Based on the tracking results, mouse operations such as movement or click are implemented. To assess the validity of the proposed system, it was applied to the interface system for web browser and was tested on a group of 25 users. The results show that our system have the accuracy of 99% and process more than 21 frame/sec on PC for the $320{\times}240$ size input image, as such it can supply a user-friendly and convenient access to a computer in real-time operation.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.182-193
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• 2011

The aim of this paper is to present the methodology for hand tracking and hand gesture recognition. The detected hand and gesture can be used to implement the non-contact mouse. We had developed a MP3 player using this technology controlling the computer instead of mouse. In this algorithm, we first do a pre-processing to every frame which including lighting compensation and background filtration to reducing the adverse impact on correctness of hand tracking and hand gesture recognition. Secondly, YCbCr skin-color likelihood algorithm is used to detecting the hand area. Then, we used Continuously Adaptive Mean Shift (CAMSHIFT) algorithm to tracking hand. As the formula-based region of interest is square, the hand is closer to rectangular. We have improved the formula of the search window to get a much suitable search window for hand. And then, Support Vector Machines (SVM) algorithm is used for hand gesture recognition. For training the system, we collected 1500 hand gesture pictures of 5 hand gestures. Finally we have performed extensive experiment on a Windows XP system to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed scheme. The hand tracking correct rate is 96% and the hand gestures average correct rate is 95%.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.44-45
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• 2017

Eccrine poroma is a common benign cutaneous tumor that originates in an intraepidermal eccrine duct. This tumor exhibits acral distribution (sole, palm), and is rarely encountered in the head and neck area. In fact eccrine poroma in the postauricular area has only been rarely reported. A 55-year-old female visited our hospital with a main complaint of a mass that first developed in the left postauricular area about a year previously. The mass was painless, soft, protruding, domed, and dark red in color, and had slowly enlarged (at presentation it measured $1\times1cm$). Excisional biopsy was performed. Histological examination showed distinct features, and eccrine poroma was diagnosed. Follow-up at 6 months postoperatively showed no recurrence. The frequency of eccrine poroma is dependent on eccrine sweat glands density, and thus, usually occurs on the palms or soles. For eccrine poroma in the head and neck region, the differential diagnosis must rule out other masses, such as nevus, skin tag, pyogenic granuloma, cyst, basal cell carcinoma, and seborrheic keratosis. Importantly, 18% of poromas show malignant transformation, and can develop into porocarcinoma. For these reasons, an eccrine poroma in the facial area requires histological examination, complete excision, and follow-up.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.34-40
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• 2008

This paper presents a vision based walking robot control system using hand shape recognition. To recognize hand shapes, the accurate hand boundary needs to be tracked in image obtained from moving camera. For this, we use an active contour model-based tracking approach with mean shift which reduces dependency of the active contour model to location of initial curve. The proposed system is composed of four modules: a hand detector, a hand tracker, a hand shape recognizer and a robot controller. The hand detector detects a skin color region, which has a specific shape, as hand in an image. Then, the hand tracking is performed using an active contour model with mean shift. Thereafter the hand shape recognition is performed using Hue moments. To assess the validity of the proposed system we tested the proposed system to a walking robot, RCB-1. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.2
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• pp.127-134
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• 2012

Video digital door lock(VDDL) system detects people who access to the door and acquires the human image. Design considerations is that current consumption must be minimized by applying fast human detection algorithm because of battery-based operation. Since the digital door lock takes an image through a fixed camera, detection of a person based on background image leads to high degree of reliability. This paper deals with a single human detection algorithm suitable for VDDL with fulfilling these requirements such that it detects a moving object in an image, then identifies whether the object is a person or not using image processing. The proposed image processing algorithm consists of two steps: Firstly, it detects the human image region using both background image and skin color information. Secondly, it identifies the person using polar histogram based on proportional information of human body. Proposed algorithm is implemented in VDDL and is verified the performance through experiments.