• 대한간호학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.98-109
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• 2017

Purpose: This aim of this phenomenological study was to describe and understand the experience of spiritual conflict in hospice nurses by identifying the meanings and structures of the experience. Methods: Participants were 12 nurses working for one year or more at hospice units of general hospitals in a metropolitan city and experiencing of spiritual conflict as hospice nurses. Over six months data were collected using individual in-depth interviews and analyzed with the method suggested by Colaizzi. Results: The experience of spiritual conflict in participants was organized into three categories, six theme-clusters, and 13 themes. The participants felt existential anxiety on death and a fear of death which is out of human control and skepticism for real facts of human beings facing death. They also experienced agitation of fundamental beliefs about life with agitation of the philosophy of life guiding themselves and mental distress due to fundamental questions that are difficult to answer. Also they had distress about poor spiritual care with guilty feelings from neglecting patients' spiritual needs and difficulties in spiritual care due to lack of practical competencies. Conclusion: Findings indicate the experience of spiritual conflict in hospice nurses is mainly associated with frequent experience of death in hospice patients. The experience of spiritual conflict consisted of existential anxiety, agitation of fundamental beliefs and distress over poor spiritual care. So, programs to help relieve anxiety, agitation and distress are necessary to prevent spiritual conflict and then spiritual burnout in hospice nurses.

• 논리연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.109-141
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• 2005

이 논문에서, 필자는 지식귀속이 발화 또는 주체의 문맥에 민감하다고 보는 '안다'에 대한 '민감주의'를 비판한다. Peter Unger는 '평평한', '확실한'과 같은 절대적 용어에 대한 둔감주의를 바탕으로 '안다'에 대한 둔감주의를 제안한 반면, David Lewis는 절대적 용어에 대한 민감주의를 바탕으로 '안다'에 대한 민감주의를 제시한 바 있다. 두 견해 모두 '안다'가 절대적 용어의 집합에 속한다는 것에 근거하고 있기 때문이다. 필자는 '안다'에 대한 Unger-식의 둔감주의에 반대한다. 필자의 주장에 의하면, '의미론적 면도날'이라고 부를 원칙에 입각할 때 우리는 절대적 용어와 관련해선 둔감주의보다 민감주의를 택할 이유를 가지기 때문이다. 다른 한편, 필자는 '안다'에 대한 민감주의적 접근에 대해서도 반대한다. 잘 살펴보면 '안다'와 절대적 용어(또는 민감한 용어 일반) 간에는 근본적인 차이가 있어서, 절대적 용어(또는 민감한 용어 일반)와는 달리 '안다'는 맥락에 민감한 것으로 취급될 수 없기 때문이다. 필자의 이런 주장들은 민감주의 의미론이 다른 많은 경우들에서 성공적일지라도 '안다'는 둔감한 용어로 간주되어야 함을 시사한다.

• 컴퓨터교육학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.87-98
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• 2016

본 연구는 아두이노 로봇 조립 및 보드 연결과 프로그래밍 협력학습이 중등 수학과학 영재 학생들의 융합적 역량 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 또한, 학습기기, 조립, 실험, 프로그래밍이 결합된 컴퓨팅 사고(CT) 기반의 융합학습에 대한 학생들의 흥미와 역량 향상과의 상관관계도 알아봄으로써 수학과학 영재를 대상으로 한 CT 융합교육의 가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구 결과로 대인관계능력, 정보과학적 창의성 및 통합적 사고 성향이 향상됨을 알 수 있었다. 각 사고력의 하위 요소들 간의 상관관계를 분석하여 보면, 문제해결을 위한 지속성과 상상력, 정보과학적 흥미, 개방성, 모험심, 논리적 태도, 의사소통, 생산적 회의성 등이 학습에 중요한 요인으로 추출되었다. 따라서, 학생들이 문제를 해결하는 학습과정에서 여러 가지 사고 활동이 이루어지며, 이러한 학습의 결과로 융합적 역량도 유의미하게 향상되는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated critical thinking disposition and clinical competency of senior nursing students in 3 nursing colleges whose education methods were different; lecture based education, partially problem based learning (PBL) applied education or whole problem based learning applied education. Method: Participants were 399 diploma nursing students, and 92 undergraduate nursing students. The instruments used for this study were critical thinking disposition scales and clinical competency scales. Results: There was no statistical difference on critical thinking disposition except healthy skepticism between the 3 colleges. Clinical competency of the lecture based college was the highest. A significant positive correlation between critical thinking disposition and clinical competency were found in students whose scores of critical thinking disposition were greater than the median. Conclusion: This finding indicates that there is a need for further research on diverse nursing students who are studying by a various methods, prior to acceptance of a paradigm shift in nursing education from conventional lecture based methods to PBL applied methods.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제62권4호
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• pp.223-248
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• 2010

본 연구는 지역사회복지 환경에서 주민 자원조직 참여 네트워크의 내용과 상호작용을 살펴보고 주민참여 네트워크를 활성화 할 수 있는 방안을 제시하고자 했다. 연구는 근거이론 방법으로 접근하여 수행하였으며 총 연구참여자는 24명이였다. 자료는 심층면담과 문서기록 수집을 통해 수집되었으며, 자료분석은 스트라우스와 코빈 (Strauss and Corbin)이 제시한 방법으로 이루어졌다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 개방코딩에서는 총 133개의 개념과 32개의 하위범주, 13개의 범주를 구성했다. 축코딩에서는 개방코딩 결과를 패러다임에 따라 정리했다. 인과적 조건은 욕구의 질적 상승, 복지소비자 주권 의식의 대두, 중심현상은 실천기반의 동요와 탈출구 모색, 맥락적 조건은 자원의 위기, 사회복지회의론, 중재적 조건은 사회복지의식의 성숙, 공동체 책임주의의 확산으로 나타났다. 전략은 자생적 조직의 사회복지 자원화, 복지 핫라인 구축, 현장 밀착형 서비스체계로 나타났다. 결과는 풀뿌리 복지, 전략형 맞춤서비스 전달체계로 나타났다. 선택코딩에서 핵심범주는 사회복지 환경을 타개하기 위한 아래로 부터의 실천혁명으로 구성했다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.465-479
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• 2016

Some groups do ethical activities (such as ethical slogan t-shirt campaigns) only to complete the requirements for ethical duty; consequently, some people question the effectiveness of those products. The attributes of ethical slogan t-shirts should be considered seriously to reduce skepticism when planning a campaign. Researchers can also suggest a new purpose for ethical t-shirts using an ethical message. In study 1, we conduct a conjoint analysis that suggests realistic multi-attribute choice decisions. The suggested multi-attributes wear design aesthetic (high/low), price (high/low), where we donate (close/far), and the size of firm (big/small). In addition, participations were divided into two groups according to eco-friendly attitudes to confirm differences in choices between two groups. Study 1 showed that price is the most important attribute, but design aesthetic also remains important. In addition, a group that has a high eco-friendly attitude thought "where we donate" was more important than other groups. In study 2, a pre-post approach investigated wearers' attitude changes. We also divided participants into two groups and one group wear high level design aesthetic t-shirts (and vice-versa) to measure the attitude change difference. As a result of study 2, the wearers partially changed their eco-friendly attitudes. The group that wore high design aesthetic t-shirts showed a greater difference than other groups. Through this study, we conclude that customers seriously considered the design aesthetic. Finally, wearing ethical slogan t-shirts can change the attitudes of wearers.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.332-348
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• 1995

The use of attitude as a psychological concepts dates back to 1918(Thomas and Znaniecki). Assessment of attitudes has been conducted by a number of researchers since then in a wide range of contexts: religion, government, industry, community interrelations, and education; and sociology and psychology. In science, the number of research summaries and meta-analyses points to the significance of the concept of attitude toward science. However, in spite of the wide spread use of attitude assessment in science, many of the existing instruments have severe limitations. Those limitations serve as the rationale for the construction of a new instrument to assess attitudes toward science The term "attitude" and "science" are somewhat ambiguous, taking on different meanings for different people in different contexts. Very often an assessment includes several dimensions of attitude and, therefore, provides no clear idea of what was really measured. As a result there is no consistency with respect to the construct among attitude instruments. To clarify this issue, Gauld(1982), Munby(1983a, 1983b), Blosser(1984) and Haladyna and Shaughnessy(1982) offer some guiding descriptions. Attitude as it relates to science is divided into two areas-scientific attitude and attitude toward science. Scientific attitude refers to a particular approach a person assumes for solving problems, for assessing ideas and information, and for making decisions. It includes such scientific methods and predispositions as objectivity, suspended judgement, critical evaluation, and skepticism. Munby(1983a, 1983b) characterized scientific attitude as thinking as scientists do, that is, acting on evidence in a disciplined way. Attitude toward science. on the other hand, may address scientific attitudes, scientists, scientific careers, methods of teaching science, scientific interests, parts of curriculum, or the subject of science in the classroom (Blosser,1984). It may refer to belief about processes, theoretical products, technological products, or the science-technology relationship (Munby, 1983).

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2020

본 연구는 간호대학생들의 교육과정이 비판적 사고성향과 문제해결능력에 영향을 미쳤는지를 조사한 종적연구로 1개 4년제 간호학과에 입학한 학생 94명 중 4년간 지속적으로 본 연구에 참여한 51명의 자료가 최종 분석 대상이 되었다. 자료는 SPSS 16.0 프로그램을 이용하여 repeated measure ANOVA와 paired t-test로 분석하였다. 간호대학생들의 비판적 사고성향은 학년이 올라갈수록 유의하게 향상하는 변화를 보였으나 하위요인 중에서는 지적 열정/호기심, 체계성, 객관성의 3항목만 유의하게 향상하였다. 문제해결능력은 향상하는 추세만 보이고 유의한 변화는 없었으며, 세부항목에서 유의하게 향상한 문제해결능력은 개인의 통제력이었다. 그러므로 비판적 사고성향 중 신중성, 자신감, 지적 공정성 및 건전한 회의성을 향상시키고, 문제해결능력 중 문제해결 자신감과 접근-회피 양식을 더욱 증진시킬 수 있도록 교수법 및 교육과정의 개선이 필요하다고 하겠다.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2019

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effects of critical thinking and good communication skills on the problem-solving abilities of dental hygiene students. Methods: A total of 508 dental hygiene students were convenience-sampled from 3 universities. Results: The results revealed that critical thinking had the highest intellectual fairness score of 3.60, and systematicity was the lowest at 3.19. The values for communication skills were high in reaction, social adequacy, and concentration, with an average of 3.65. Problem-solving abilities were in the following order: clarification of the problem, seeking solutions, and decision making. According to general characteristics, more extroverted personalities possessed higher levels of critical thinking, communication skills, and problem-solving abilities (p<0.01). Critical thinking scores were high (p=0.016) in students who responded that peer relationship was difficult; however, their communication skills were the lowest (p<0.001). Additionally, problem-solving abilities were highest among students who reported a difficult peer relationship (p=0.001). The higher the satisfaction with dental hygiene academics, the higher the critical thinking, communication skill, and problem-solving ability (p<0.001). Critical thinking showed a high positive correlation with variables in the following order: clarification of the problem, performing the solutions, seeking solutions, decision making, and evaluation and reflection. The communication skills were also related to these variables listed above (p<0.01). With critical thinking, confidence, watchfulness, intellectual passion/curiosity, sound skepticism, objectivity, and systematicity all influenced the problem-solving ability. Conclusion: Communication skills were influenced by noise control, putting on the other's shoe, social tensions, and efficiency, which affected the problem-solving ability. Dental clinics require dental hygienists to have critical thinking to make analytical judgments and effective communication skills to solve human relation problems with patients and care-givers. Therefore, these skills should be developed in dental hygiene students to improve their problem-solving abilities.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.139-150
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• 2018

This paper aims to elaborate the role and availability of the community enterprise as a form of methodology in local regeneration, dealing with urban social problems generated in the process of urban development. In a situation of the increasing skepticism in the capitalism, the instability in public welfare system and disintegration of community, social economy has come to the fore as an alternative. The community enterprise, especially, has shown the potential to form a virtuous cycle in local regeneration system; residents recognize local problems by themselves; discover and utilize the local resources and assets in the process of solving the problems as an entrepreneurial form; and consequently create social and economic capital which can be reinvested in the local community. Given these aspects, Korean government has implemented supporting policies for the promotion of community enterprises, and new government's "Urban Regeneration New Deal Project" are putting more importance on the role of social and community enterprises as a propulsion unit. In this regard, this paper first explores the concept and features of community enterprise in economic and social aspects, whereby it analyzes the capacity of community enterprises as principal agencies or implements in local development. Then, the development status and institutional supports for community enterprises in the UK is revealed, and investigates case studies which are playing a revolutionary role in urban regeneration or local economic revitalization. Based on this analysis, it draws the main factors for the sustainable and autogenous community enterprise as follows: flexibility in legal forms, community owned assets, diverse fund streams and invigorating social investment market, active partnership between public and private sectors, ardent enterprisers and intermediate support organizations.