• Title/Summary/Keyword: Skeletal muscle

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Sarcopenic Obesity Frequency and Associated Risk Factors in Young Korean Women: A Comprehensive Cross-Sectional Analysis

  • Jongseok Hwang
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2024
  • PURPOSE: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a clinical condition that combines sarcopenia and obesity. This study examined the frequency of SO in young Korean females between 20 and 29 years of age. METHODS: The study involved 1,000 participants. The height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, fasting glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, alcohol consumption, and smoking status were the research variables. The skeletal muscle mass index was calculated as appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) divided by the BMI. The ASM was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Complex sampling analysis and multiple logistic regression were used for analysis. RESULTS: A .74(.30-1.80) frequency of SO was observed. The statistically significant risk factors in females were height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, total cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Young Korean adults with SO have a .74(.30-1.80) frequency of occurrence that is linked to specific risk factors. Hence, primary care clinicians and health care professionals should consider these factors when patients require a referral for early detection and treatment. Healthcare professionals and clinicians can identify potential SO patients by acknowledging these risk factors.

Development on Human Muscle Skeletal Model and Stress Analysis of Kumdo Head Hitting Motion (검도 머리치기 동작의 인체 근골격 모델개발 및 응력해석)

  • Lee, Jung-Hyun;Lee, Se-Hoon;Lee, Young-Shin
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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    • v.24 no.11
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    • pp.116-125
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    • 2007
  • Human muscle skeletal model was developed for biomechanical study. The human model was consists with 19 bone-skeleton and 122 muscles. Muscle number of upper limb, trunk and lower limb part are 28, 60, 34 respectively. Bone was modeled with 3D beam element and muscle was modeled with spar element. For upper limb muscle modelling, rectus abdominis, trapezius, deltoideus, biceps brachii, triceps brachii muscle and other main muscles were considered. Lower limb muscle was modeled with gastrocenemius, gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and related muscles. The biomechanical stress and strain analysis of human was conducted by proposed finite element analysis model under Kumdo head hitting motion. In this study structural analysis has been performed in order to investigate the human body impact by Kumdo head hitting motion. As the results, the analytical displacement, stress and strain of human body are presented.

Experimental Study for Nerve Regeneration Using Tubes Filled with Autogenous Skeletal Muscle in a Gap of Rabbit Sciatic Nerves (백색 가토 좌골 신경의 신경 결손부위에서 자가 골격근 충진 도관을 이용한 신경재생 연구)

  • Lee, Jun-Mo;Shin, Sung-Jin;Seo, Jeong-Hwan;Song, Chang-Ho
    • Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2003
  • The bridging of nerve gaps is still one of the major problems in peripheral nerve surgery. To evaluate the role of silicon tube in nerve regeneration, gaps were made by resection of tibial components of sciatic nerves of twenty-five New Zealand rabbits. The gaps were divided into five groups. In group I, the tibial components of sciatic nerves were isolated and the incision immediately closed. In group II, 1-cm segments of the nerve were removed and the silicon tubes filled with autogenous skeletal muscle were sutured in place. In group III, 1-cm segments of the nerve were removed and the silicon tubes filled without muscle were sutured in place. In group IV, 2-cm segments of the nerve were removed and the silicon tubes filled with autogenous skeletal muscle were sutured in place. In group V, 2-cm segments of the nerve were removed and the silicon tubes filled without muscle were sutured in place. At 16th week, the eletromyography, the light and transmission electron microscopy were performed. Nerve conduction study stimulating sciatic nerve proximal to the lesion and recording at gastrocnemius muscle showed that the compound muscle action potentials of the group II with 1 cm nerve defect filled with muscle were higher amplitudes than the group III without muscle. Compound muscle action potentials of the group IV with 2 cm defect filled with muscle showed similar results in comparison with the group V. The light and transmission electron microscpy showed that a good morphological pattern of nerve regeneration in 1 cm gap than 2 cm and in gap with muscle than gap without muscle.

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Stability of Proteasomes Extracted from Pressurized, Aged Skeletal Muscles

  • Yamamoto, Shuhei;Suzuki, Atsushi;Nishiumi, Tadayuki
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.282-288
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    • 2009
  • The present paper describes the effects of pressure and post-mortem aging treatments on in situ proteasome activity in rabbit and bovine skeletal muscles. Synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activity of rabbit proteasomes remained in the muscle after exposure to pressures up to 100 MPa. However, when a pressure of 400 MPa or more was applied, proteasomes were markedly inactivated. The extraction of proteasomes from excessively pressurized muscle appeared to be difficult. Proteasomes in aged muscle remained relatively stable throughout the aging process, with activity after 168 h (7 days) being 35%, 48%, 53% and 31% of the 0 h post-mortem LLVY, LSTR, AAF and LLE total hydrolyzing activities, respectively. The synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activities of bovine muscle proteasomes were similar to those of rabbit skeletal muscle proteasomes. The results suggest that synthetic peptide hydrolyzing activity remains in muscle exposed to relatively low pressures. Furthermore, it is known that high-pressure treatment induces fragmentation of myofibrils, modification of actin-myosin interaction and activation of intramuscular proteinases, cathepsins and calpains. Thus, proteasomes are probably involved in the tenderization process in combination with other intramuscular proteinases under high-pressure conditions. Our findings confirmed that proteasomes play a role in meat tenderization induced by high-pressure treatment or aging.

Tumors Involving Skin, Soft Tissue and Skeletal Muscle: Benign, Primary Malignant or Metastatic?

  • Hsieh, Chi-Ying;Tsai, Huang-Wen;Chang, Chih-Chun;Lin, Tsuo-Wu;Chang, Ke-Chung;Chen, Yo-Shen
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • v.16 no.15
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    • pp.6681-6684
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    • 2015
  • Background: Metastatic cancer with invasion of skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle is not common. Examples presenting as soft tissue masses could sometimes lead to misdiagnosis with delayed or inappropriate management. The purpose of current study was to investigate clinical characteristics in the involvement of metastatic cancer. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,097 patients complaining of skin or soft tissue masses and/or lesions were retrospectively reviewed from January 2012 to June 2013. Tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle of head and neck, chest wall, abdominal wall, pelvic region, back, upper and lower extremities were included in the study. Results: Fifty-seven (5.2%) patients were recognized as having malignancies on histopathological examination. The most common involvement of malignancy was basal cell carcinoma, followed by cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, sarcoma and melanoma. The most common anatomical location in skin and soft tissue malignancies was head and neck (52.6% of the malignancies). Four (0.36%) of the malignant group were identified as metastatic cancer with the primary cancer source from lung, liver and tonsil and the most common site was upper extremities. One of them unexpectedly expired during the operation of metastatic tumor excision at the scalp. Conclusions: Discrimination between benign and malignant soft tissue tumors is crucial. Performance of imaging study could assist in the differential diagnosis and the pre-operative risk evaluation of metastatic tumors involving skin, soft tissue and skeletal muscle.

Effect of exercise and diet intervention on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rat skeletal muscle and adipose tissue (운동부하가 고지방식이 유도 비만흰쥐의 골격근 및 지방조직의 ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)스트레스에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Gi Chool;Park, Kyung Sil;Kim, Hyun Kook;Kim, Ki Hoon
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.45 no.5
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    • pp.420-428
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks high fat intake and regular exercise in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue for Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress in rats. This experiment involved 32 subjects (sprague-dawley rats) divided into four groups as follows: chow group (Chow, n = 8), chow and exercise group (Chow + EX, n = 8), high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia group (HF, n = 8), and HF and exercise group (HF + EX, n = 8). As a result, there were significant decrease in body weight and abdominal fat, and blood lipid level was significantly improved by exercise for eight weeks (p < .05). There were variables changed about the skeletal muscle and ER stress in GRP78, XBP-1, ATF4, CHOP and JNK mRNA. There increased in mRNA factor by exercise, especially GRP78, and ATF4 mRNA were significantly increased in exercise (p < .05). However, there were increased in adipose tissue by exercise and there were significantly decreased in mRNA factor by high fat diet (p < .05). Consequently, this study suggests that the consistent exercise was more improved of obesity factor, such as dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, as well as body weight or abdominal fat. The response of ER stress in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle were more sensitive in exercise than high fat diet feed.

Gene expression and promoter methylation of porcine uncoupling protein 3 gene

  • Lin, Ruiyi;Lin, Weimin;Chen, Qiaohui;Huo, Jianchao;Hu, Yuping;Ye, Junxiao;Xu, Jingya;Xiao, Tianfang
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.170-175
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    • 2019
  • Objective: Uncoupling protein 3 gene (UCP3) is a candidate gene associated with the meat quality of pigs. The aim of this study was to explore the regulation mechanism of UCP3 expression and provide a theoretical basis for the research of the function of porcine UCP3 gene in meat quality. Methods: Bisulfite sequencing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) were used to analyze the methylation of UCP3 5′-flanking region and UCP3 mRNA expression in the adipose tissue or skeletal muscle of three pig breeds at different ages (1, 90, 210-day-old Putian Black pig; 90-day-old Duroc; and 90-day-old Dupu). Results: Results showed that two cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) islands are present in the promoter region of porcine UCP3 gene. The second CpG island located in the core promoter region contained 9 CpG sites. The methylation level of CpG island 2 was lower in the adipose tissue and skeletal muscle of 90-day-old Putian Black pigs compared with 1-day-old and 210-day-old Putian Black pigs, and the difference also existed in the skeletal muscle among the three 90-day-old pig breeds. Furthermore, the obvious changing difference of UCP3 mRNA expression was observed in the skeletal muscle of different groups. However, the difference of methylation status and expression level of UCP3 gene was not significant in the adipose tissue. Conclusion: Our data indicate that UCP3 mRNA expression level was associated with the methylation status of UCP3 promoter in the skeletal muscle of pigs.

Copper Regulates Apelin Expression in L6 Skeletal Muscle Cells (골격근세포에서 구리에 의한 마이오카인 apelin의 발현)

  • Kisang Kwon;Jin Sol Park;Young Eun Choi;Eun-Ryeong Lee;Jae Eun Yoo;Hyewon Park;O-Yu Kwon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.33 no.9
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    • pp.724-729
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    • 2023
  • In this experiment, we aimed to investigate the role of copper in regulating the biosynthesis of a myokine called apelin in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. Our approach involved culturing skeletal muscle cells and subjecting them to treatments with copper sulfate or a copper chelator known as bathocuproinedisulfonic acid (BCS). We employed standard techniques, such as reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, to assess the synthesis of apelin at different stages, including transcription, translation, and post-translational modifications. Our findings demonstrated that copper had an inhibitory effect on apelin biosynthesis at all three stages: transcription, translation, and post-translation. However, when we treated the cells with BCS, the biosynthesis of apelin was restored to its original state. This finding suggests that copper is required for the synthesis of apelin in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. This study represents the first documented evidence of the inorganic copper-dependent regulation of apelin biosynthesis, shedding light on potential strategies for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia induced by copper imbalances.

The Effects of Endurance Training Combined with Rosiglitazone on The Expression of PPARs, PGC-1α, GLUT-4 and p-AMPK-α2 in The Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Induced-Rats (지구력 트레이닝 및 Rosiglitazone 병행 처치가 당뇨병이 유발된 쥐의 골격근에서 PPARs, PGC-1α, GLUT-4 및 p-AMPK-α2의 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Ha, Tae-Geun;Kim, Jae-Cheol
    • Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.131-140
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    • 2009
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of PPAR-α, -β/δ, -γ, PGC-1α, GLUT-4 and p-AMPK-α2 protein in the skeletal muscle of diabetic induced-rats by endurance training combined with rosiglitazone. The expression of PPAR-α, -β/δ, -γ, PGC-1α, GLUT-4 and p-AMPK-α2 protein in red and white gastrocnemius by western blotting. The body weight was higher in diabetic induced-rats compared to the normal rats and after the treatment of exercise combined with rosiglitazone was significantly reduced in the all group. The levels of blood glucose was higher in diabetic induced-rats compared to the normal rats and after the treatment of exercise combined with rosiglitazone was significantly reduced in the all group. The expression of PPAR-α, -γ, PGC-1α in skeletal muscle of diabetic induced-rats were increased all groups and increased significantly in the group with exercise combined with rosiglitazone. The expression of GLUT-4 and p-AMPK-α2 protein in the skeletal muscle of diabetic induced-rats were increased all groups and increased significantly in the group with exercise combined with rosiglitazoneI. These results suggest that exercise training and rosiglitazone may act as complementary therapies for the treatment of insulin rasistance.

The Effect of Fasting and Vitamin B6 Repletion on VitaminB6 Metabolism in Rats (금식 또는 VitaminB6 보충급식이 흰쥐의 Vitamin B6 대사에 미치는 영향)

  • Cho, Youn-Ok
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.28 no.5
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    • pp.426-434
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this study were to investigate the effect of fasting and vitamin B6 repletion on tissue concentration of pyridoxal 5-phosphate and urinary excreteion of 4-pyridoxic acid in vitamin B6 deficient rats. Sixty six rats(6 per group) were fed either a vitamin B6 deficient diet (-B6) or a control diet (+B6) for 6 weeks and then rats were repleted with +B6 diet for 2 weeks. Rats were fasted for 1 and 3 days and for 3 days after repletion. Pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) concentration in plasma, liver, skeletal muscle, and heart muscle and urinary 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) excretion were compared. Fasting resulted in a significant increase in PLP concentration in the plasma, liver and heart muscle of rats fed the -B6 diet. Skeletal muscle PLP concentration was significantly decreased in +B6 rats but not in -B6 rats. Following vitamin B6 repletion, PLP concentration in the plasma, liver and heart muscle in previously -B6 rats was similar to the respective concentration in +B6 rats while PLP concentration in the skeletal muscle of previously -B6 rats increased, but it was not reached to that of +B6 rats. At day 1 and 2 of the fast, urinary 4-PT excretion increased in both +B6 and -B6 rats although there was no supply of vitamin B6 due to fasting. These results suggest that vitami B6 is redistributed as PLP when there is a caloric deficit and PLP is supplied by an endogenous source, possibly PLP bound to skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase.

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