• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.20-27
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• 2009

This study aims to understand the consumer consciousness of the interior design by experiencing the interior space of the model house provided by the construction company. For this, the author investigated the spatial images about the apartment interior design and the satisfaction level depending on the experiential elements. Survey questionnaires were distributed to people who visited six model houses. Subjects were asked about the experience about the interior space of the model house. Their response to the experiential elements was analyzed with 5-point Likert scale and was computed as frequencies, percentages, and means. For the spatial image characteristics, adjectives were substituted for the image scales. As a result, the author found out the following: First, the interior space was commonly directed to the soft image, which was mixed with modern, noble, decent, dynamic and natural styles depending on the companies. The trend of each interior design basically had static, soft and vague images, and partially had two kinds of tendencies: the one was mild and natural, and the other was modern and elegant. Second, as the strategic modules of the experiential marketing, five experiential elements were investigated to find the satisfaction level through the model house interior space. The emotional element got the highest point followed by the cognitive element and the active element, while the sensible element and the relative element got the lowest point. Third, consumer response was generally positive toward the model house interior design provided by the construction company. It is necessary to make up for the design that can give an aesthetic pleasure with familiar images, rather than give a firm recognition about the design.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.925-933
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• 2009

This research was carried out by analyzing a form and composition in baseball cap targeting 97 marketing products, and we have typified it by frequency analysis. We have carried out comparing and wearing test between comparative pattern and the most preferred three products of sports brand, fashion brand A, and fashion brand B (flex fit). And also, in order to provide basic indices for developing new pattern, we have carried out analysis of variance. 1. As a result of analyzing a form in baseball cap, the most general pattern type for crown is central cutting with six pieces. In a cap, a basic type with no decoration was the most general. In the size adjustment and decoration, belt type and embroidery type (front or side embroidery of the crown) was the most common, respectively. 2. As a result of comparing and analyzing six-piece typed crown pattern, the comparative pattern was the same and symmetric in size and form of three patterns in front, side, and back. However, the patterns of marketing products of three brands were different in size and form of three patterns in front, side, and back. The patterns of sports brand were the largest in crown height and width, thus it was good at providing activity and motion. The patterns of fashion brand A were the shortest in the crown length and well-curved in front pattern, so it was well-matched with head shape. The patterns of fashion brand B were well-described back side of head since its convex and long patterns in the back head. 3. As a result of wearing test by five-point Likert scale among brand, pattern of fashion brand B outperformed the others since it was well-matched with head shape. In the cap, pattern of fashion brand A is the most preferred which was 7.5 cm of length and 18cm of width.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.12
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• pp.2051-2061
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• 2010

Extreme sports refers to sports activities with a high level of inherent danger, such as extreme skiing, snow-boarding, mountain biking, motocross bicycling, aggressive in-line skating, wake-boarding, and paragliding. This study investigates the characteristics of extreme sports participants as group identities through an examination of the differences between extreme sports participants and traditional sports groups in lifestyle and sportswear benefits sought. We composed a total 108-item lifestyle profiles characterized by six lifestyle dimensions (dress, diet, home, recreation, consumption, and sense of values); in addition, we developed 32 items for sportswear benefits sought. The surveys targeted 422 sports participants living in Korea (216 men and 206 women, aged 15-23): 119 extreme sports participants and 303 traditional sports participants. All items were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale, and SPSS 17.0. was used for data analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to confirm the substructure of each lifestyle dimension and sportswear benefits sought. The results of the factor analysis on each lifestyle dimension are as follows: 5 factors in dress dimension, 4 in diet, 3 in home, 6 in recreation, 5 in consumption, and 6 in sense of values. Six factors of sportswear benefit sought were identified. A t-test revealed that there were significant differences between the two groups in lifestyle dimensions and sportswear benefits sought. This study reveals that the lifestyle characteristics of extreme sports participants are more likely than traditional sports group to be more self-expressive, more distinctive, more fashion-oriented, more conspicuous, and more brand-oriented, while preferring more active sports, more dynamic leisure, and a more sensible life. Another finding is that extreme sports participants seek the distinctive, conspicuous, and latest sportswear benefits.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2023

Purpose : This study aimed to analyze the level of understanding of Korean children and adolescents of caries risk assessment items in order to develop caries risk assessment tools. Methods : A total of 52 parents and 108 middle and high school students were analyzed for their understanding of nine items of the CAMBRA CRA for Korean children and adolescents. The nine questions were analyzed through a Likert five-point scale. Centralized distribution analysis was conducted to compare significant differences in the three groups' understanding of the questions. Results : The evaluation of the middle school and high school students' understanding showed that four items scored less than 3.0 points. The items were "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," "Brushing below once a day," "F varnish last six months," and ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." The understanding of elementary school parents of ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly" was less than 3.0 points. In addition, as a result of comparing the averages of the three groups, a statistically significant difference (p<.05) was found for a total of five items: "Hyposalivatory medications (antihistamines, antipsychotics, asthma, etc.)," 'Not used oral products such as floss and interdental toothbrushes," "F toothpaste 2× daily or more," "F varnish last six months," ".12 % chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse daily seven days monthly." Conclusion : This study was conducted to provide basic data for the development of a caries prevention program by identifying whether the caries risk assessment reconstituted in Korean style can be used for children and adolescents. More than half of the questions scored 3.0 points or higher and were generally completed. Nonetheless, a systematic program can only be completed if a plan is secured to improve repondents' understanding of the questions before a caries prevention program is developed.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.117-131
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• 2001

This study was attempted to develope a highly reliable and valid tool which is useful to assess the Korean obese adolescents' stress and coping method. The data were collected from the total of 600 obese students from middle and high schools in Pusan. The author used a convenience sampling method. The data collection was done from March 2 to July 11, 1999. The analysis of the data was done with SPSS Win(10.0) for descriptive statistics and factor analysis. The preliminary tool was composed of 72 items(stress items: 34, coping method items: 38) with the five point Likert scale. Item analysis and inter consistency were calculated for reliability and validity through pre-test. The preliminary tool was analyzed for reliability and validity. Finally, the tool was of 65 items(stress items: 33, coping method items: 32). The results were as follows: 1. Cronbach Coefficient Alpha for the 33 items of stress was .9485 and the 32 items of coping method was .8534. 2. The factor analysis was done in order to confirm construction and the items were extracted Oblimin rotation and Maximum likelihood extraction method. 3. The factor analysis showed 6 factors in stress and 10 factors in coping method. These 6 factors of stress explained 62.4％ and 10 factors of coping method explained 57.4％. 4. Six factor of stress lable were 〈outward appearance〉, 〈boyfriend/ girlfriend〉, 〈occur an outbreak of disease〉, 〈mutual relation of family〉, 〈an obese figure〉, 〈be a burden on exercise〉. 5. Ten factor of coping method lable were 〈be concerned about another affairs〉, 〈recreation activities〉, 〈self-violence〉, 〈relaxation〉, 〈hobby activities〉, 〈avoid a situation〉, 〈communication〉, 〈music〉, 〈negative behavior〉, 〈positive thinking〉. The results of using this scale in a study will contribute to design an appropriate school health management of obese students, and also it will contribute to the development of nursing research.

• Journal of Korean Dental Hygiene Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

Background: The present study aimed to analyze which curriculum is the most relevant to dental hygiene students when they participate in clinical practice in order to provide a useful reference for preparing educational guidance in this field. Method: The survey utilized in the present study consisted of six questions about general characteristics, such as grade, satisfaction with major, amount of clinical practice, period of clinical practice, place of clinical practice, and the most interesting are during clinical practice. When evaluating curriculum relevancy, the following were ranked on a 5-point Likert scale, where 5 = very useful, 4 = comparatively useful, 3 = normal, 2 = comparatively unuseful, 1 = very unuseful: difference in requirements in the field of clinical practice, reason for this difference, and question about the utility of each curriculum. On this scale, higher points implied higher relevance. Result: The highest groups of curricula regarding curriculum utility were as follows: operative dentistry (59.6%), pre-clinical practice (55.2%), dental materials and clinical practice (54.4%), and prosthetic dentistry (49.6%). The lowest groups of curricula regarding curriculum utility were as follows: oral physiology (2.0%), oral histology and embryology (1.6%), and oral microbiology (1.2%). These results imply a lack of connection between the curriculum and tasks in clinical practice. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it appears that both theory and practice courses of the clinical curriculum must be conducted systematically, and that there is a need to conduct education for the fundamental curricula, such as oral physiology, oral histology and embryology, and oral microbiology, regarding the relevance of tasks practiced in clinics.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to reduce dose while maintaining image quality during digital radiographic examination of paranasal sinus by using the automatic exposure control (AEC) system. The tube voltage was set as six stages that increased by about 10 kVp to 70 kVp, 81 kVp, 90 kVp, 102 kVp, 109 kVp and 117 kVp. And then the AEC system conditions were consisted of 9 setting environments, that change mode of the sensitivity (S200, S400, S800) and the density (+2.5, 0, -2.5). We measured automatically exposed tube current (mAs) under 54 conditions with combined these, and assessed SNR and PSNR through the acquired images. In addition, four radiologists performed a qualitative assessment of the acquired images for each combination on a five-point scale of the Likert. As a result, the lowest dose and the highest values of SNR and PSNR in images with a qualitative assessment more than 4 point were the AEC control factors of 90 kVp, S800, D2.5. We applied this condition to the clinical trial, it showed an effect of 83.1% reduction in exposure radiation dose (mR). Therefore, AEC system could be used as dose reduction technology if it understood and used related regulatory factors and physical characteristics.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.469-480
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze the effects of middle school students' participation in after-school sports on psychological well-being. A survey was conducted on 280 students in 7th, 8th, and 9th grades attending two middle schools in Gongju-si, Chungnam, for one month from September 8 to October 17, 2019. The scale developed by Ryff (1995) was used to measure psychological stability. Subfactors including self-acceptance (6 questions), positive interpersonal relationships (5 questions), autonomy (6 questions), environmental control (5 questions), purpose of life (5 questions), and personal growth (5 questions) comprised a total of 32 questions measured on the Likert 5-point scale. The internal fit score (Cronbach's alpha) was .76-.83, with 146 students (52.1%) participating in after-school sports activities. The effect was high in the participant group. All variables, including the six subfactors, were verified statistically. These findings are consistent with the studies of Kang Myung-hwa (2011) and Kim Pan-su (2012), which reported that the sports activities of middle school students directly affect the development of emotions. This study verified the need to strengthen after-school sports activities and to engage problem children. After-school sports activities should be reviewed in the context of social issues that are becoming increasingly serious.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.256-267
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate food hygiene and safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) among the elementary school children, and furthermore, to explain the interrelations among these three variables. A second purpose was to compare gender differences of KAP. Methods: A self-administered, structured questionnaire was designed and completed by 376 elementary school children. A five-point Likert scale with twenty questions was used to gather information. Data was analyzed by frequency analysis, Pearson's correlation and analysis of variance or Student's t-test. Results: Children generally had good knowledge of food hygiene and safety, and knowledge of children was superior to the attitudes and also to their practices (p < 0.05). The attitude score was mediated between knowledge and practice scores. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between boys and girls in an item of knowledge, three items of attitudes, and six items of practices. A significant positive correlations were observed between knowledge and practices (${\gamma}$ = 0.70, p < 0.001), and between attitudes and practices (${\gamma}$ = 0.45, p < 0.001), as well as between attitudes and practices (${\gamma}$ = 0.51, p < 0.001), revealing that increased knowledge and even attitudes toward food hygiene safety could result in positive change in practices or behaviors. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that despite good knowledge and attitudes of children, their practices toward food hygiene and safety are not acceptable. Gender differences in practices were highlighted. In order to create effective educational interventions on the food hygiene and safety of children, a better understanding of their awareness and the required related information is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.319-326
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were: a) to develop the a quality measurement tool for the contract-managed hospital foodservice, and b) to evaluate their performance with the developed quality measurement tool, and c) to verify the reliability and validity of the quality measurement tool. The developed quality measurement tool comprised two parts, which were foodservice management and medical nutrition care service. The foodservice management part was classified into six functional categories which were Menu, Procurement and Storage, Production and Distribution, Facility and Utility, Sanitation and Safety, and Management and Evaluation. The medical nutrition care service part indicated the medical nutrition care provided. Quality measurement tool had 91 standards and 324 indicators. The quality measurement tools were distributed to the hospital foodservice manager employed by the foodservice company. The 324 indicators were measured by foodservice manager on the 5-Likert-type scales, and then adapted to a 100 point scale. The SPSS Ver. 11.0 was used for statistical analysis. The categories whose scores were evaluated as being high were Procurement', General Sanitation', Personal sanitation' and Waste' and the categories whose scores were evaluated as being low were Diet Order Manual', Standard Recipe', Appropriateness (Facility and Utility)', Check (Facility and Utility)'and Information Management'. All the categories of medical nutrition service were evaluated as having seriously low scores. Therefore, it was necessary for the contract-managed hospital foodservice to improve its performance in the area of medical nutrition care service. For the verification of the developed quality measurement tool, the reliability obtained by calculating Cronbach's α was 0.8747, and the content validity was also proved by scrutiny of the modification of the Professional group's techniques. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(3) : 319∼326, 2003)