• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.459-471
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• 2010

일반적으로 고객들은 어떤 상품에 대한 품질수준이 높을수록 보다 높은 만족을 얻는 것으로 알려져 있다. 보통품질수준은 공정능력지수에 의해 측정된다. 공정능력이란 공정이 관리상태에 있을 때, 그 공정에서 생산, 제공되는 상품의 변동이 어느 정도인가를 나타내는 중요한 개념이다. 3세대 공정능력지수 $C_{pmk}$는 흔히 현장에서 사용되고 있는 지수$C_p$나$C_{pk}$보다 공정능력을 평가함에 보다 설명력이 있고 합리적인지수라고 할 수 있다. 공정능력에 대한 효율성 평가는 대부분 점추정과 구간추정을 통하여 행하여지고 있는 바, 가설검정을 통한 의사결정 또한 중요한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 공정능력여부를 결정하기위하여 공정능력지수 $C_{pmk}$에 대한 보다 유용한 가설검정방법에 대하여 연구하였다. 제안된 붓스트랩 가설검정방법은 공정분포가 정규분포에 따르던 그렇지 않던지 간에 매우 유용하며 보다 수월하게 활용할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 그리고 수치적인 모의실험을 통해 공정의 정규성 여부와 상관없이 제안된 가설검정방법의 타당성을 밝히고자 하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.439-444
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• 1993

The aerobic oxidation of the Fe(II) complex of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, [Fe(cyclam)$(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_2$, in MeCN in the presence of a few drops of $HClO_4$ leads to low spin Fe(III) species [Fe(cyclam)$(CH_3CN)_2](ClO_4)_3$. The Fe(III) cyclam complex is further oxidized in the air in the presence of a trace of water to produce the deep green binuclear bismacrocyclic Fe(II) complex $[Fe_2(C_{20}H_{36}N_8)(CH_3CN)_4](ClO_4)_4{\cdot}2CH_3CN$. The Fe(II) ions of the complex are six-coordinated and the bismacrocyclic ligand is extensively unsaturated. $[Fe_2(C_{20}H_{36}N_8)(CH_3CN)_4](ClO_4)_4{\cdot}2CH_3CN$ crystallizes in the monoclinic space group $P2_1/n$ with a= 13.099 (1) ${\AA}$, b= 10.930 (1) ${\AA}$, c= 17.859 (1) ${\AA}$, ${\beta}$= 95.315 $(7)^{\circ}$, and Z= 2. The structure was solved by heavy atom methods and refined anisotropically to R values of R= 0.0633 and $R_w$= 0.0702 for 1819 observed reflections with F > $4{\sigma}$ (F) measured with Mo K${\alpha}$ radiation on a CAD-4 diffractometer. The two macrocyclic units are coupled through the bridgehead carbons of ${\beta}$-diimitie moieties by a double bond. The double bonds in each macrocycle unit are localized. The average bond distances of $Fe(II)-N_{imine}$, $Fe(II)-N_{amine}$, and $Fe(II)-N_{MeCN}$ are 1.890 (5), 2.001 (5), and 1.925 (6) ${\AA}$, respectively. The complex is diamagnetic, containing two low spin Fe(II) ions in the molecule. The complex shows extremely intense charge transfer band in the near infrared at 868 nm with ${\varepsilon}$= 25,000 $M^{-1}cm^{-1}$. The complex shows a one-electron oxidation wave at +0.83 volts and two one-electron reduction waves at -0.43 and-0.72 volts vs. Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The complex reacts with carbon monoxide in $MeNO_2$ to form carbonyl adducts, whose $v_{CO}$ value (2010 $cm^{-1}$) indicates the ${\pi}$-accepting property of the present bismacrocyclic ligand.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.427-435
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• 1996

$Ca^{2+}$ 이온과 $Cs^+$ 이온으로 치환되고 완전히 탈수된 제올라이트 X, $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}$($Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X; a=25.071(1) $\AA)와Ca_{29}Cs_{34}Si_{100}Al_{92}O_{384}$($Ca_{29}Cs_{34}$-X; a=24.949(1) $\AA)$의 두 개의 결정 구조를 $21^{\circ}C$에서 입방공간군 Fd3을 사용하여 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하고 구조를 정밀화하였다. 탈수한 $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X의 구조를 Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 $I>3\sigma(I)$인 322개의 독립 반사를 사용하여 최종 오차 인자를 $R_1$=0.051, $R_2$=0.044까지 정밀화 계산하였고, 탈수한 $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X의 구조는 260개의 독립 반사를 사용하여 $R_1$=0.058, $R_2$=0.055까지 정밀화시켰다. 이들 구조에서 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온과 $Cs^+$ 이온은 서로 다른 5개의 결정학적 자리에 위치하고 있다. 탈수한 $Ca_{35}Cs_{22}$-X 구조에서는 16개의 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온은 D6R의 중심, 자리 I에 모두 채워져 있다(Ca-O=2.41(1) $\AA$, $O-Ca-O=93.4(3)^{\circ}).$ 다른 19개의 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온은 자리 II에 (Ca-O=2.29(1) $\AA$, $O-Ca-O=118.7(4)^{\circ})$, 10개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 큰 공동에서 6-링 맞은편 II에 채워져 있고, 각각 3개의 산소로 만들어지는 산소 평면으로부터 $1.95\AA$ 들어가 위치하고 $있다(Cs-O=2.99(1)\AA$, $O-Cs-O=82.3(3)^{\circ}).$ 3개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 산소 평면에서 소다라이트 공동쪽으로 $2.27\AA$ 들어간 자리 II'에서 위치하고 $있다(Cs-O=3.23\AA$, $O-Cs-O=75.2(3)^{\circ}).$ 나머지 9개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 각각 큰 공동내 2회 회전축을 가지고 있는 48(f) 위치인 자리 III에 통계학적으로 분포하고 $있다(Cs-O=3.25(1)\AA$, Cs-O=3.49(1) $\AA).$ 탈수한 $Ca_{29}Cs_{34}$-X에서 16개의 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온은 자리 I에 채워지고 (Ca-O=2.38(1) $\AA$, $O-Ca-O=94.1(4)^{\circ})$ 13개의 $Ca^{2+}$ 이온은 자리 II에 채워져 있다(Ca-O=2.32(2) $\AA$, $O-Ca-O=119.7(6)^{\circ}).$ 다른 12개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 자리 II에 채워져 있고, 이들은 산소 평면으로부터 각각 $1.93\AA$ 들어가 위치하고 $있다(Cs-O=3.02(1)\AA$, $O-Cs-O=83.1(4)^{\circ}).$ 7개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 각각 자리 II'에 위치하고 있고, 산소 평면으로부터 소다라이트 공동으로 $2.22\AA$ 들어가 위치하고 있다(Cs-O=3.21(2) $\AA$, $O-Cs-O=77.2(4)^{\circ}).$ 나머지 16개의 $Cs^+$ 이온은 큰 공동내의 자리 III에 있다(Cs-O=3.11(1) $\AA$, Cs-O=3.46(2) $\AA).Ca^{2+}$ 이온은 자리 I과 자리 II에 우선적으로 위치하고 $Cs^+$ 이온은 너무 커서 자리 I에 채워질 수 없으며 나머지 자리에 채워진다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1285-1292
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• 2009

Large single crystals of zeolite, |$Na_{75}$|[$Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}$]-FAU (Na-Y, Si/Al = 1.56), were synthesized from gels with composition of 3.58Si$O_2$ : 2.08NaAl$O_2$ : 7.59NaOH : 455$H_2$O : 5.06TEA : 2.23TCl. One of these, a colorless single-crystal was ion exchanged by allowing aqueous 0.02 M CsOH to flow past the crystal at 293 K for 3 days, followed by dehydration at 673 K and 1 ${\times}\;10^{-6}$ Torr for 2 days. The crystal structure of fully dehydrated partially $Cs^+$-exchanged zeolite Y, |$Cs_{45}Na_{30}$|[$Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}$]-FAU per unit cell (a = 24.9080(10) $\AA$) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique in the cubic space group Fd $\overline{3}$ m at 294(1) K. The structure was refined using all intensities to the final error indices (using only the 877 reflections with $F_o\;>\;4{\sigma}(F_o))\;R_1$ = 0.0966 (Based on F) and $R_2\;=\;0.2641\;(Based\;on\;F^2$). About forty-five $Cs^+$ ions per unit cell are found at six different crystallographic sites. The 2 $Cs^+$ ions occupied at site I, at the centers of double 6-ring (D6Rs, Cs-O = 2.774(10) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 88.9(3) and 91.1(3)$^o$). Two $Cs^+$ ions are found at site I’ in the sodalite cavity; the $Cs^+$ ions were recessed 2.05 $\AA$ into the sodalite cavity from their 3-oxygen plane (Cs-O = 3.05(3) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 77.4(13)$^o$). Site-II’ positions (opposite single 6-rings in the sodalite cage) are occupied by 7 $Cs^+$ ions, each of which extends 2.04 $\AA$ into the sodalite cage from its 3-oxygen plane (Cs-O = 3.067(11) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 80.1(3)$^o$). The 26 $Cs^+$ ions are nearly three-quarters filled at site II in the supercage, being recessed 2.34 $\AA$ into the supercage (Cs-O = 3.273(8) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 74.3(3)$^o$). The 4 $Cs^+$ ions are found at site III deep in the supercage (Cs-O = 3.321(19) and 3.08(3) $\AA$), and 4 $Cs^+$ ions at another site III’ (Cs-O = 2.87(4) and 3.38(4) $\AA$). About 30 $Na^+$ ions per unit cell are found at one crystallographic site; The $Na^+$ ions are located at site I’ in the sodalite cavity opposite double 6-rings (Na-O = 2.578(11) $\AA$ and O-Na-O = 97.8(4)$^o$).

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2013

As the utilization of information technology and the turbulence of technological change increase in organizations, the adoption of IT outsourcing also grows to manage IT resource more effectively and efficiently. In this new way of IT management technique, service level management(SLM) process becomes critical to derive success from the outsourcing in the view of end users in organization. Even though much of the research on service level management or agreement have been done during last decades, the performance of the service level management process have not been evaluated in terms of final objectives of the management efforts or success from the view of end-users. This study explores the relationship between SLM maturity and IT outsourcing success from the users' point of view by a analytical case study in four client organizations under an IT outsourcing vendor, which is a member company of a major Korean conglomerate. For setting up a model for the analysis, previous researches on service level management process maturity and information systems success are reviewed. In particular, information systems success from users' point of view are reviewed based the DeLone and McLean's study, which is argued and accepted as a comprehensively tested model of information systems success currently. The model proposed in this study argues that SLM process maturity influences information systems success, which is evaluated in terms of information quality, systems quality, service quality, and net effect proposed by DeLone and McLean. SLM process maturity can be measured in planning process, implementation process and operation and evaluation process. Instruments for measuring the factors in the proposed constructs of information systems success and SL management process maturity were collected from previous researches and evaluated for securing reliability and validity, utilizing appropriate statistical methods and pilot tests before exploring the case study. Four cases from four different companies under one vendor company were utilized for the analysis. All of the cases had been contracted in SLA(Service Level Agreement) and had implemented ITIL(IT Infrastructure Library), Six Sigma and BSC(Balanced Scored Card) methods since last several years, which means that all the client organizations pursued concerted efforts to acquire quality services from IT outsourcing from the organization and users' point of view. For comparing the differences among the four organizations in IT out-sourcing sucess, T-test and non-parametric analysis have been applied on the data set collected from the organization using survey instruments. The process maturities of planning and implementation phases of SLM are found not to influence on any dimensions of information systems success from users' point of view. It was found that the SLM maturity in the phase of operations and evaluation could influence systems quality only from users' view. This result seems to be quite against the arguments in IT outsourcing practices in the fields, which emphasize usually the importance of planning and implementation processes upfront in IT outsourcing projects. According to after-the-fact observation by an expert in an organization participating in the study, their needs and motivations for outsourcing contracts had been quite familiar already to the vendors as long-term partners under a same conglomerate, so that the maturity in the phases of planning and implementation seems not to be differentiating factors for the success of IT outsourcing. This study will be the foundation for the future research in the area of IT outsourcing management and success, in particular in the service level management. And also, it could guide managers in practice in IT outsourcing management to focus on service level management process in operation and evaluation stage especially for long-term outsourcing contracts under very unique context like Korean IT outsourcing projects. This study has some limitations in generalization because the sample size is small and the context itself is confined in an unique environment. For future exploration, survey based research could be designed and implemented.