• PNF and Movement
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2016

Purpose: Patients with Parkinson's disease suffer many restrictions in daily life. This case report investigated how intervention with proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)-based physical therapy can affect the activities of Parkinson's patients. Methods: The subject was a 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with Parkinson's disease 3 years ago. Since the last five months, overall activities have become difficult for her, and she finally visited a hospital to take outpatient physical therapy because of the gait difficulties she suffered. The patient's medical history, system review, body structure and function, and activities were evaluated. The patient had difficulties in activities such as lying down, sitting, standing, maintaining a standing position, and walking. The PNF-based intervention was used for treating the impairments and improving the activities. The intervention was performed for 30 min a day, three times a week, for eight weeks. The qualifier of the international classification of functioning, disability, and health was used to measure the result, and the measurement was conducted before and after the intervention for eight weeks. Results: According to the result, the scores for maintaining a standing position, moving around within the home, and going to the toilet improved to "no problem" from "moderate problem." The scores for shifting the body's center of gravity, walking short distances, and washing oneself improved from "moderate problem" to "mild problem." The scores for sitting and standing improved to "no problem" and "mild problem" from "complete problem." The scores for preparing meals and doing housework improved from "severe problems" to "mild problem" or "moderate problem." The scores for walking long distances, moving around outside the home and other buildings, and using transportation did not show significant changes. Conclusion: Intervention with PNF-based physical therapy improved the activity of patients with Parkinson's disease, thus proving its effectiveness. The case report suggested that a therapist can use PNF as a physical therapy intervention for patients with Parkinson's who suffered restrictions in daily activities.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Altered scapular kinematics in the scapular joint is commonly believed to be a factor contributing to trunk posture. The purpose of this study was to analyze the muscle activity with several changes of the shoulder angle. Tests were performed on 10 male subjects by repeated measures. Each subject was measured while sitting in both erect and slouched trunk positions. In each sitting posture, a three-dimensional motion analysis measurement was used to measure thoracic angle and shoulder abduction angle. Measurements were taken with the shoulder abdcution angle at $0^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $60^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, $120^{\circ}$, and $150^{\circ}$. By using surface Electromyography (EMG) electrodes, we recorded the activity of the upper trapezius, middle trapezius, lower trapezius, middle deltoid, and serratus anterior muscle while the subject held a 4 kg weight at each angle. The mean of root mean square (RMS) of EMG activity was calculated. The middle trapezius, lower trapezius, and middle deltoid muscle activity showed significantly higher results but serratus anterior muscle activity showed significantly lower results (p<.05). With the shoulder angle increased, the muscle activity was also significantly increased (p<.05). In conclusion, the thoracic spine posture significantly affects the scapular muscle during scapular plane abduction, and the slouched posture is associated with increased trapezius muscle activity and with decreased serratus anterior muscle activity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.173-181
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to compare muscle activity after applying two muscle energy techniques (MET) to subjects with forward head posture to see if the post isometric relaxation (PIR) technique is more effective than the reciprocal inhibition (RI) technique. Methods : The muscle activity was measured using EMG after applying the PIR and RI techniques to 30 adults at K College. Subjects were selected for forward head posture whose ear center was 2.5 ㎝ front of the center of the shoulder. EMG equipment was used to measure muscle activity, and the measurement sites were measured in cervical flexor and extensor muscles. The experiment period was performed once a week for a total of two weeks, and after the pre-measurement was performed for 5 minutes PIR and RI exercise. In the PIR technique, the head is tilted back in a sitting position, and the experimenter applies resistance with the same force for 7~10 seconds and repeats 3-5 times after rest. In the RI technique, in a sitting position, the subject gives the force to bend the head forward, and the experimenter applies resistance with the same force for 7 to 10 seconds, and repeats 3 to 5 times after rest. Results : The result is same as the following. In the comparison of muscle activity, there was a significant decrease in both PIR and RI at 1 and 2 weeks. And there was a greater decrease in muscle activity in PIR. There was no difference in the comparison of decrease in muscle activity at 1 week and 2 week. Conclusion : Both PRI and RI can be said to be effective in improving the function of the forward head posture in the neck muscles. Therefore, the selection of the two techniques in clinical practice should be appropriately performed under the judgment of experts according to the patient's situation.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.853-861
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• 2020

Various types of clothing are being developed to boost thermal comfort during cold winters along with research on change of body temperature when heating is applied. There is a noticeable behavioral difference by gender when using heating panels in a cold environment; however, research on women has been insufficient. This study find a temperature range that provides sustainable thermal comfort in a low temperature environment by observing temperature and change of temperature when subjects are classified according to physical activities or cold sensitivities. For the study results, 8 women in their 20s were subjected to experiment in a low temperature environment for 75 minutes (sitting position: 30 min., running: 15 min., and sitting position: 30 min.). Subjects were asked to turn on/off the heating panel freely to analyze the range of comfortable temperature and clothing microclimate; in addition, skin temperature and heating panel temperature were measured and analyzed at 9 points. As a result, temperature at which subjects turn on and off the heating panel indicated a statistically meaningful difference between the cold sensitivity group depending on exercise or non-exercise. The range of comfortable abdomen temperature was wider than the lower back and was significantly reduced when the subject was running. The range of comfortable temperature was also largest for the heating panel temperature, microclimate, and skin temperature in suggesting that adequate adjustment will be required depending on the surrounding environment or movement of the wearer.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.194-199
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• 2021

Background: The scapulo-thoracic musculatures including serratus anterior (SA), upper trapezius and lower trapezius can provide shoulder stability and functional shoulder movement. Objects: The muscle activities of upper and lower SA were compared during three different scapular protraction exercises in healthy individuals in sitting position. Methods: Twenty-five healthy subjects were participated. Electromyography device was used to measure muscle activity of upper and lower SA and trapezius muscles. Each subject was asked to perform three different scapular protraction exercises (scapular protraction [SP], SP with self-resistance [SPSR], SPSR with hand-exerciser [SPSRH]) in random order. One-way repeated measures analysis of the variance and a Bonferroni post hoc test were used. Results: The muscle activity of lower SA muscle was significantly different among three conditions (SP vs. SPSR vs. SPSRH) (p < 0.01). The lower SA muscle activity was significantly greater during SPSRH compared to SP and SPSR, which required joint stability more than SP and SPSR (p < 0.01). Conclusion: SPSRH exercise can be recommended to facilitate the muscle activity of lower SA. In addition, the intramuscular variation in the upper and lower SA during scapular protraction exercise is required to consider the effective rehabilitation.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.344-348
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• 1996

Continuous epidural block can be useful in the management of acute and chronic pain. For the most effective analgesia, it is important to localize the tip of epidural catheter and the spread of radiopaque dye. Epidural catheterization was performed in 12 patients on the sitting position. Catheters were advanced by 10 cm cephalad in the cervical epidural space by median approach and radiopaque dye 3 ml was injected through the catheters. The position of cervical epidural catheters and the spread of dye was confirmed by radiography. The course of epidural catheter were: coiled 3/12 (25%), loop 2/12 (16.7%), straight 2/12 (16.7%). In 8 cases, the tip of epidural catheters were located within one vertebral segment from the level of insertion site. Radiopaque dye spreaded average 3.68 vertebral segment to cranially and 1.67 vertebral segment to caudally from the insertion site.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.376-378
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• 2005

In this study, we have evaluated and classified arthritic pathology using the acoustical analysis of knee joint sounds. Six normal subjects and 11 patients with knee problems were enrolled. Patients were divided into the 1st patient group which required an orthopeadic surgery and the 2nd patient group of osteoarthritis. During sitting and standing periods, subjects' active knee flexion and extension were monitored. Fundamental frequency, mean amplitude of pitch, jitter and shimmer were analyzed according to the position and the joint angle. The result showed that the fundamental frequency of the 2nd patient group and standing position was higher than the others, and that the pitch of sounds changed unstably.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.449-455
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• 2006

We researched the comfort degree of 8 bodily parts while high school students carry out 9 different motions common to them. We observed high school students to study active effection when they are wearing Saenghwal Hanboks as a school uniform. As a result of this study, the highest degrees of comfort were recorded at standing position, walking, and upright sitting position with one's waist keeping 90 degree. On the other hand, the lowest degrees of comfort were experienced when they bend forward 45 degree and 90 degree each, and also when arms were folded across the chest. Furthermore, students reported that their buttocks, waist, and knees were comfortable during observation period, but that their backs, shoulders, and arm hole were uncomfortable throughout. In general, girls felt more comfortable than boys did, while they were wearing Saenghwal Hanbok as a school uniform.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-115
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• 2012

Intracranial hypotension is characterized by a postural headache which is relieved in a supine position and worsened in a sitting or standing position. Although less commonly reported than postural headache, sixth nerve palsy has also been observed in intracranial hypotension. The epidural blood patch (EBP) has been performed for postdural puncture headache, but little is known about the proper timing of EBP in the treatment of sixth nerve palsy due to intracranial hypotension. This article reports a case of sixth nerve palsy due to spontaneous intracranial hypotension which was treated by EBP 10 days after the onset of palsy.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

To determine the effect of posture change on autonomic activity and to investigate valid parameters to reflex the autonomic activity from time-series pupil size data, a posture-related experiment was performed with 15 subjects, which involved measuring their electrocardiograms and pupil sizes. The experimental procedure consisted of three-sequence postures-supine, sitting and upright-for 5 minutes each, with rest sessions between postures. The subjects were notified of the entire experimental procedure. The parameters of the subjects' heart rate variability showed significant differences between the postures (heart rate: 63-70-80 beat, normalized low frequency power: 28-50-75, normalized high frequency power: 72-49-25 and ratio: 0.5-1.2-4.4 in supine-sitting-upright position respectively) as did the parameters of their mean pupil sizes (41300-53900-53700 pixels respectively) and the major frequencies (the third trend: 0.23-0.2-0.18 Hz respectively) of their pupil size variability according to changes in their autonomic activities induced by posture change. The experiment thus proved that posture change affects autonomic activity and that such activity can be estimated by the parameters of pupil size as similar as heart rate variability.