• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Recently, ex-situ remediation technologies has been emerging to clean up contaminated soils mainly because the in-situ techniques have limited applicability and technical difficulties in relatively small contaminated sites. Accordingly, implementation of off-site treatment and disposal have been continuously increased in soil remediation and restoration projects in Korea. However, in many cases, reclaimed soil is still not properly recycled or reused. Therefore, there is an urgent need to document the current status of soil management practices in soil remediation projects in the nation. This study presents a survey of soil contamination status and remedial approaches in Korea based on soil cleanup projects completed in 2015 - 2019, and proposes the possible options of the recycling or reusing the reclaimed soils under compliance with related regulations. The results of the soil survey showed soil contamination was most severe in gas stations, industrial facilities, and military areas. The major types of pollution were related to the petroleum-contaminated site (TPH and BTEX) with 77.0% occurrence in all the contaminated sites. The reclaimed soils were mostly reused as a ground filling-up soils in industrial facilities (60.0%) and warehouses (37.0%).

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2013

Since crude oil contains various pollutants including heavy metals, the environmental impact should be assessed for heavy metals as well as oil itself. In order to estimate the extent of heavy metal contamination, surface sediments were collected at the intertidal and coastal zone around the Herbei sprit oil spill area during December 2007 and January 2008. Organic carbon, sulfur and heavy metals were determined to assess heavy metal contamination in sediments. The crude oils contained C, S, V and Ni, but little toxic metals such as As, Cd, etc. From organic carbon content, the highest contaminated site was estimated that oils contributed to sediments up to 10%, and this site showed high V concentration. Potentially contaminated sediments by crude oil could be differentiated from unaffected sediments through V/Al and Ni/Al ratios, which can be used as indicators of oil contamination even after the oils were fully degraded.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.122-140
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• 2001

We have applied the geophysical survey, mainly electric and electromagnetic (EM) methods, to a test site contaminated by hydrocarbon waste disposal and local spill. The multi-frequency, moving source & receiver EM survey along with ground penetrating radar (GPR) showed a fairly good performance in detection of buried metal pipes and objects. Magnetic survey measuring vertical and horizontal gradients were so sensitive to the small metallic objects spread over the surface that it's hard to discriminate the buried pipe. We chose electrical resistivity, EM and GPR survey to examine the soil contamination. Depth slices of resistivity distribution as the results of the inversion of resistivity and EM data coincided each other and closely matched the contaminated area determined by chemical analysis of the soil samples. GPR images did not show the reflection events related with contamination plume since there are no distinct spill in this site. We inferred the contamination using the penetration depth of the GPR energy, which could be used as auxiliary information to the resistivity and EM results. We summarized the applicability of each survey methods based on this results and proposed a desirable survey scheme for the determination of hydrocarbon contaminated site.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.565-572
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• 1998

This study estimate the degree of contamination in the streamwater around the Sudokwon landfill site. It was sampled at 10 sites in Jan., Apr., Jul. and Oct., 1996. There were analyzed five kinds of toxic chemical material-CN, AES, PCB, As, Org-p, and four kinds of heavy metal-Pb, Hg, Cd, $C^{+6}$ The result are 1)The COD was generally increased to compare before landfall, 2) The Org-P and PCB were not detected at all points, 3) The concentrations of Pb, $C^{+6}$ and As were lower than the environmental criteria values, 4) The CN, Hg and Cd were over envirommental criteria values. and so emergent regulation is needed, 5) The effects of the streamwater contamination were not only the leachate of the landfall, but also the small factories and agricultural land around the landfill.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1990

A methodology for calculating acceptable levels of contamination of radionuclides in soil for unrestricted use was described. Pathways of exposure include direct radiation from ground surfaces, ingestion of contaminated food and inhalation of resuspended radionuclides. Results calculated using site-specific data for Korean environment were discussed and compared with those estimated by other guidelines.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

In this study, the contamination level was measured using an ATP meter using adenosine triphosphate bioluminescent material to find effective infection control to compensate for the disadvantages of the microbial culture method used for hygiene control of ultrasound probe. The convex probes were selected from six ultrasound probe in the hospital, and the samples were taken in real time before and after cleaning to check the contamination of the probe. In order to classify the pollution degree using the APT meter was classified by category. A total of 78 samples were collected from the ultrasound probe. When the pollution levels before and after cleaning were classified by category, 76.6% of the samples were classified into category 3·4 before cleaning, but they decreased to 23.3% after cleaning. 13.3% before cleaning was in category 1, but increased to 43.3% after cleaning. By classifying the pollution level, it was confirmed that the pollution level was significantly reduced by category. Until now, there was no suitable criterion for determining the contamination level by using ATP meter in medical machines where sample area is small and reused. In this study, criteria for each category were set to measure the contamination level of ATP meter suitable for small sample area such as ultrasound probe, so that contamination level could be determined in real time at the site. Therefore, it is considered that hygiene management for ultrasound probe can be more actively performed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.63-66
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• 2002

Developers have, for some time now, recognised the benefits of acquiring "brownfields" sites for future urban development. The term “brownfield” generally refers to sites that have been previously occupied and in most cases this occupation has been for industrial usage. A key issue that developers face when considering the acquisition of a former industrial site is contamination and the costs associated with remediating the land to a level that renders the site suitable for its proposed use. Understanding all of the issues and implications associated with the remediation of contaminated land can be quite daunting. The process of remediation brings together a number of stakeholders that all have some influence on the outcome of the works. The stakeholders include the vendor, the purchaser, the regulatory authorities i.e. EPA and council, the Site Auditor and local residents. Careful planning and negotiation with the above stakeholders should be considered before committing to any remediation project.n project.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.429-432
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• 2005

Geophysical investigations, as a non-invasive method, were conducted at the former gas station site contaminated with fuel hydrocarbons. GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) survey was performed to locate buried objects such as USTs (Underground Storage Tanks) and fuel pipes which might serve as a origin of the site contamination. Additional GPR investigation and a resistivity survey were conducted to map water table and to characterize shallow geologic structures of the site. The results of the study have shown that seven USTs including one unknown UST and buried fuel pipes are present, and that the groundwater elevation varies with topography from approximately 1.5 to 3m below the surface and the water table is located in the residual soils above the bedrock in the site. The results also show that the geophysical methods can be a very useful tool for the characterization of the contaminated site.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2005

The remediation for contaminated soil and groundwater in contaminated site and waste site has to be compact and economic in maintaining and operating the system. In this study, the atomized slag was tested if they are an effective reactive material in permeable reactive barrier This novel reactive system technology was applied to the treatment of leachate from unplanned waste landfill. The system was optimized and developed to be commercialized.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

When some structures are constructed over the sanitary landfill, the waste should be treated by means of replacement and other ways. Otherwise, various problems like a ground contamination, settlement, reduction of bearing capacity and others may be generated. To find out the optimal method of treatment, the properties of the ground have to be inspected. In this study, the preliminary investigation was conducted to find out the characteristic of this site which is considered as insanitary waste landfill. Furthermore, the shape and the amount of the waste was investigated by subsurface investigation like a boring and sampling methods. In addition, the degree of ground contamination and disposal method of refuse was examined.