• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2011

By using a newly developed Korean risk-based corrective action (K-RBCA) software (K-RBCA) and the RBCA Tool Kit, risk assessment was performed on a site that was contaminated with aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Eight chemicals including benzene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, naphthalene, benz(a) anthracene, benzo(b) fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, and arsenic that exceeded the US EPA Soil Screening Level were chosen as the target pollutants. A conceptual site model was constructed based on the site-specific effective exposure pathways. According to the RBCA Tool Kit the carcinogenic risk of arsenic was larger than $10^{-6}$, which is the generally acceptable carcinogenic risk level. The K-RBCA estimated the same level of carcinogenic risk for arsenic. With the RBCA Tool Kit, the carcinogenic risk of benzo(a) pyrene was estimated to be about $1.3{\times}10^{-6}$. However, with the K-RBCA benzo(a) pyrene did not exhibit any risk. The inconsistency between the softwares was attributed to the different fundamental settings (i.e., medium division) between the two softwares. While the K-RBCA divides medium into surface soil, subsurface soil, and groundwater, the RBCA Tool Kit divides medium into only soil and groundwater. These differences lead to the different exposure pathways used by the two softwares. The K-RBCA considers the exposure pathways in surface soil and subsurface soil separately to estimate risk, however, the RBCA Tool Kit considers the surface soil and subsurface soil as one and uses the integrated exposure pathways to estimate risk. Thus the resulting risk is higher when the RBCA Tool Kit is used than when the K-RBCA is used. The results from this study show that there is no significant difference in the risks estimated by the two softwares, thus, it is reasonable to use the K-RBCA we developed in risk assessment of soil and groundwater. In addition, the present study demonstrates that the assessor should be familiar with the characteristics of a contaminated site and the assumptions used by a risk assessment software when carrying out risk assessment.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.2481-2484
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• 2012

Aim: The risk factors mostly strongly associated with gastric cancer are gastric bacteria Helicobacter pylori and diet. Using a case-control study among residents in Jinan, we examined the association between the salt taste and gastric cancer according to H. pylori infection, smoking and histological type as well as tumor site. Methods: This population-based case-control study included 207 cases and 410 controls. Data on potential risk factors of gastric cancer were obtained by interview of cases and controls with a questionnaire, salt taste preference was measured for all subjects, and IgG antibodies to H. pylori were applied to assess infection. Risk measures were determined using unconditional logistic regression. Results: The proportions of salt taste at intervals of 1.8-7.2 g/L and ${\geq}7.2$ g/L were significantly higher in cases than controls, with ORs of 1.56 (1.23-3.64) and 2.03 (2.12-4.11), respectively, subjects with high salt intake having an elevated risk for gastric cancer when infected with H. pylori. Significant modification by smoking and tumor site was observed across the different measures of salt intake, the highest salt taste showed higher cancer risk in ever smokers or with non-cardia cancers. Conclusion: Our study supports the view that high intake of sodium is an important dietary risk factor for gastric cancer, with a synergistic effect found between salt and H.pylori and smoking, dependent on the tumor site.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.313-322
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• 2020

The recognition of the risk hazards is a vital step to effectively prevent accidents on a construction site. The advanced development in computer vision systems and the availability of the large visual database related to construction site made it possible to take quick action in the event of human error and disaster situations that may occur during management supervision. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors that need to be managed at the construction site and review appropriate and effective technical methods for each risk factor. This research focuses on analyzing Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) related to risk zone identification rules that can be adopted by the image recognition technology and classify their risk factors depending on the effective technical method. Therefore, this research developed a pattern-oriented classification of OSHA rules that can employ a large scale of safety hazard recognition. This research uses joint reasoning of risk zone Identification and numeric input by utilizing a stereo camera integrated with an image detection algorithm such as (YOLOv3) and Pyramid Stereo Matching Network (PSMNet). The research result identifies risk zones and raises alarm if a target object enters this zone. It also determines numerical information of a target, which recognizes the length, spacing, and angle of the target. Applying image detection joint logic algorithms might leverage the speed and accuracy of hazard detection due to merging more than one factor to prevent accidents in the job site.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.75-87
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• 2022

Purpose : This retrospective investigation study aimed to determine the predictive validity of superficial surgical site infection assessment tools by measuring the risk score at the surgical site. Methods : This study included patients hospitalized to the general surgery department of a Hospital from January 2021 to December 31, 2021. The inclusion criteria were age ≥19 years, general abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, and hospital stay longer than 2 days. Patients who had undergone transplantation were excluded. Results : Tool validity results showed that tools including surgical time and operative procedure were more accurate than previously developed tools, with a sensitivity of 71.1%, specificity of 71.4%, positive prediction of 12.3%, negative prediction of 97.8%, and area under the curve of 0.743 (95% confidence interval, 0.678~0.745). The tool's cut-off score was 15, and the risks of infection was increased by 6.14 times at or above this cut-off point. Preoperative hair removal period, surgical wound classification, surgery time, body temperature on the second day after surgery, drainage tube type, and suture type affected the risk of infection at the surgical site. Conclusion : The incidence of healthcare-associated infections has been declining in the past decade; however, surgical site infections still account for a considerable proportion. Therefore, early identification of high-risk groups for surgical site infection is crucial for reducing the incidence of surgical site infection using appropriate management.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.15-22
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• 2015

The risk assessment carried out on the construction site at the beginning of the implementation depends on the subjective judgment of risk of general contractor and subcontractors, whose opinion about frequency and intensity of risk is different. In this paper, research the awareness of general contractors and subcontractors about process of risk assessment at the construction site and its effectiveness. Researching of the main factors "frequency", "intensity" which determines the degree of risk gives the opportunity to find an option for improving the effective implementation of risk assessment.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.459-466
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• 2020

As the hydrogen industry grows, expansion of infrastructure for hydrogen supply is required, but the safety of hydrogen facilities is concerned due to the recent accidents at the Gangneung hydrogen tank and the Norwegian hydrogen fueling station. In this study, the damage range and impact analysis on the on-site hydrogen fueling station was conducted using Hy-KoRAM. This is a domestically developed program that adds functions based on HyRAM. Through this risk assessment, it was evaluated whether the on-site hydrogen fueling station meets international standards and suggested ways to improve safety.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.94-95
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• 2019

Recently, the importance of prevention has emerged for the management of construction safety accidents.. Accordingly, this study collects and quantifies various risk factors at the construction site to represent them as direct risks and to create a predictive process for prevention in advance. These risk figures can be used as comprehensive safety figures to reflect current site conditions and past accidentt cases. The prevention of industrial accidents is managed in advance through the development of applications thatt quantify and predict the risks of individuals working at construction sites. The purpose of the project is to reduce industrial accidents in the construction industry by supporting safety management of site managers and workers.

• Korean Journal of Hazardous Materials
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2015

Since the HF release in 2012 in Korea, it became one of the most significant to evaluate consequence to the vicinity of industry facilities handling hazardous materials. BTX plant is selected to assess off-site risk to check whether the facility satisfies the Chemical Control Law by Korea Government. Accident scenarios were listed using process safety information. The scenarios having effect to the off-site were selected and assessed further according to guideline provided by Korea government. Worst case and alternative scenarios including other interested scenarios were evaluated using ALOHA. Each evaluated scenario was assessed further considering countermeasures. The results showed that the facility handling chloric acid is safe enough and needed no further protections at the moment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.110-116
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• 2015

A 3D camera-based on-site work-related musculoskeletal disorder risk assessment(WMDs) tool has been developed. The device consists of Kinect a 3D camera manufactured by Microsoft, a servo-motor, and a mobile robot. To complement inherent narrow field of view(FOV) of Kinect, Kinect is rotated according to PID servo-control algorithm by a servo-motor attached underneath, to track movement of a subject, producing skeleton-based motion data. With servo-control, full 360 degrees tracking of a test subject is possible by single Kinect. It was found from experimental tests that the proposed device can be successfully employed for on-site WMDs risk assessing tool.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-37
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• 2004

This study attempts to investigate the industrial practices of the web site development methodologies and their impacts on the web site development project performance. Most of Korean web site development firms currently use customized component-based development(CBD) methodologies that have been internally developed. The methodologies generally being accepted by web site developers, however, did not emerge yet. In addition, this study shows that indiscreet applications of various methodologies and techniques might cause negative impacts on the project performance since the web site development projects are also exposed to most of the risk factors identified in the traditional systems development.