• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.303-310
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• 2013

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the correlation of clinical tools for assessment of balance and ability of gait, in order to discriminate the phases of sit-to-walk movement of patients with stroke using the motion analysis system, and to investigate the reliability of the phase of sit-to-walk movement according to functional ability of patients with stroke. Methods: Twenty -one patients participated (men 17, women 4) in this study. Sit-to-walk movement of all patients was recorded by the motion analysis system. Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, Functional Reach Test, 10 meter Walk Timed Test, and Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment were used as functional assessment tools. Results: The results of this study showed significant correlation between the phase I, II, IV and total phase duration of sit-to-walk movement and functional assessment tools. In addition, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) showed high reliability in accordance with the functional ability of patients with stroke (Pearson's r 0.93 to 1.00). Conclusion: In conclusion, there is high reliability between measures of the phase of sit-to-walk movement of chronic stroke patients and the clinical assessment tool. Results of this study suggest that measurement of the phase of sit-to-walk movement can be used significantly as an intervention and a clinical tool for patients with stroke.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effects of freezing of gait on spatiotemporal variables, ground reaction forces (GRFs), and joint moments during the sit-to-walk task at the preferred and maximum speeds in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Method: The subjects were classified by a neurologist into 12 freezers, 12 non-freezers, and 12 controls. Sit-to-walk parameters were measured during three repetitions of the task in a random order at the preferred and maximum possible speeds. Results: In the sit-to-walk task at the preferred speed, the freezers and non-freezers exhibited a higher peak anterior-posterior GRF (p<0.001) in the sit-to-stand phase and lower step velocity (p<0.001), step length (p<0.001), and peak anterior-posterior GRF (p<0.001) in the first-step phase than the controls. The freezers had higher peak anterior-posterior GRF (p<0.001) and peak moment of the hip joint (p=0.008) in the sit-to-stand phase than the non-freezers. In the sit-to-walk phase at the maximum speed, the freezers and non-freezers had lower peak moment of the hip joint (p=0.008) in the sit-to-stand phase than the controls. The freezers and non-freezers displayed lower step velocity (p<0.001) and peak anterior-posterior GRF (p<0.001) in the first-step phase than the controls. The freezers showed higher peak moments of the hip joint in the sit-to-stand phase than the non-freezers (p=0.008). Conclusion: The PD patients had reduced control ability in sit-to-stand motions for efficient performance of the sit-to-walk task and reduced performance in the sit-to-walk task. Furthermore, the freezers displayed reduced control ability in the sit-to-stand task. Finally, the PD patients exhibited a lower ability to control dynamic stability with changes in speed than the controls.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.697-705
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the possible cause of falling owing to mechanical energy in elderly women as compared to young women when performing the sit-to-walk movement. Two groups participated in this study: 10 elderly women and 10 young women. We used a ProReflex MCU camera (Qualisis, Sweden) and ground reaction force to evaluate the mechanical work. The muscle power (W) showed the same low negative work in both groups in the extension phase of the knee and hip joints while varying the angular velocity and net muscle moment of force. Elderly women, in particular, showed lower negative work. In mechanical work (J), the knee and hip joints of both groups showed the same amount of negative work in the extension phase. In the hip joint, elderly women showed lower negative work results in each phase. These result showed the possible reasons of falling for elderly women according to the weakness of the thigh muscle of the hip joint during the sit-to-walk movement.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.413-418
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was performed to examine the effect of action observation training on sit to-walk times in chronic stroke patients. Methods: Twelve stroke patients were randomly allocated to two groups, as follows: an action observation training (AOT) group and a scenery picture observation (SPO) group. The AOT group was engaged in video observation for 2 minutes 30 seconds with 12 ADL functional activities related to the sit-to-walk task: physical training was carried out in two repetitions lasting 2 minutes 30 seconds. The landscape imagery control group observed landscape picture for 2 minutes 30 seconds and then carried out the same physical training. The intervention involved a total of 12 sessions over 4 weeks, and each session lasted 30 minutes. The pre and post-tests measured the timed up and go test (TUG), Sit to stand test (STS), and Dynamic gait index (DGI). The Wilcoxon signed ranks test was used to compare pre-test and post-test result, and the Mann-Whitney U test was employed for comparison between groups. Results: The TUG time was significantly different between the AOT group and the SPO group. According to the findings, the experimental group's TUG was significantly decreased (p<0.05). In comparison of the two groups, there was no significant in STS or DGI between the AOT group and SPO group. Conclusion: This study showed that the intervention can be used to decrease TUG time. Our research suggests that action observation training has a positive effect on sit-to-walk times in patients with chronic stroke.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine whether sit to stand training combined with ultrasound improves the spasticity, muscle strength and gait speed in stroke patients Design: Randomized controlled study Methods: The current study included 40 stroke patients, who were randomly divided into two groups: the sit to stand training with ultrasound (USTS) group (n=20) and the sit to stand training (STS) group (n=20). All the participants underwent 30 sessions of STS training (thirty minutes, five days per week for six weeks). Additionally, the USTS group received ultrasound therapy. The present study evaluated the spasticity of ankle plantar-flexors by the composite spasticity score. The muscle strength and gait speed were evaluated using the handheld dynamometer and the 10-meter walk test, respectively. Results: The USTS group and the STS group showed significant improvements in spasticity, muscle strength and gait speed after the intervention (p<0.05). Significant improvement in the spasticity, muscle strength, and gait speed were observed in the USTS group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the current study imply that sit to stand training combined with ultrasound is a beneficial and effective therapeutic modality that can be employed to improve the spasticity, muscle strength and gait speed in stroke patients.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.85-96
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• 2017

Purpose: Peripheral neuropathy accompanied by sensory disturbance, such as limb paralysis and hemiplegia, is mainly caused by acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). This case study aimed to determine the effect of ankle strengthening exercises that use proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) on the gait, balance, ankle-control ability, and sit-to-stand ability on a patient with ADEM. Methods: A 10-year-old male with quadriplegia and ankle-control impairment participated in this 4-week training intervention. The patient, diagnosed with ADEM, was treated with ankle strengthening exercises that used PNF. Results: The patient demonstrated improvements in balance, ankle-control ability, sit-to-stand ability, and gait performance. Outcome measures (manual muscle test, modified Ashworth scale, sensory assessment, coordination assessment, Berg balance scale, 5 time sit-to-stand test, and 10 m walk test) were taken before and after the training program. Conclusion: The results of this case suggest that an ankle strengthening exercise that uses PNF can improve the gait, balance, ankle-control ability, and sit-to-stand ability in patients with ADEM. In ADEM, the initial treatment is important, and the use of ankle strengthening exercises with PNF could lead to meaningful results. However, there is limited research due to an insufficient number of cases. In the future, more patients will need to be studied.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of a combined exercise program on the level of physical fitness and fatigue for cancer survivors. Methods: The subjects were all of 61 persons consisted of prostate cancer(n=22), breast cancer (n=20), and stomach cancer(n=19) survivors. The exercise program was composed of a wall exercise, a chair exercise, a towel exercise and a bottle exercise which lasted 50-60 minutes each, two times a week for 12 weeks. The outcome measures were the fat mass, the muscle mass, the grip strength, the sit and reach, the 6 minutes walk, & fatigue. Results: At the completion of the 12-week combined exercise program, there were statistically significant differences in the grip strength, the sit & reach, the 6 minutes walk, & fatigue for the prostate, breast, and stomach cancer survivors. But no significant differences were found in the muscle mass between the pretest and posttest. Conclusion: As the 12-week combined exercise program was proved to be an effective intervention for improving muscle strength, flexibility, cardiopulmonary fitness & fatigue, it is thought that the program can be utilized as a rehabilitation program for cancer survivors.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.187-192
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• 2020

Sacral insufficiency fractures (SIF) are a common, but often underdiagnosed source of lower back pain without apparent trauma. This report presents the clinical outcome of a 75-year-old female with SIF, and an underlying medical history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis. She was treated non-operatively, in-hospital, with Korean medicine. Patient progress was assessed using the numerical rating scale and self-reported symptoms. Post-treatment, the numerical rating scale score for pain in her hip decreased from 7 to 2. At admission, the patient was unable to sit, and could only walk 3 m with assistance. At discharge, she could sit for longer than 1 hour and walk further than 200 m unassisted. On the follow-up visit, the patient was asymptomatic, and x-ray scans showed ossification of the sacral and pubic fractures. These results suggest that, Korean medicine can effectively reduce pain and aid rehabilitation in patients with SIF, without the need for surgery.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.259-267
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to find the relationship between standing posture biomechanics and physical fitness in the elderly. Physical fitness variables and postural variables for 227 (140 women and 87 men) elderly individuals were tested. Physical fitness tests (Korean Institute of Sports Science, 2012) included 3m sit, walk, and return, grip test, 30 second chair sit and stand, sit and reach, figure 8 walks, and 2 minute stationary march. Postural biomechanics variables included resting calcaneal stance position (RCSP), shoulder slope, pelvic slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference, thoracic angle, and upper body slope. In statistical analysis, multiple regression was conducted by using stepwise selection method via SAS (version 9.2). Analysis for both men and women revealed significant relationships between physical fitness and age, upper body slope, knee flexion angle, leg length difference. Pelvic and thoracic angle were only related to figure 8 walking and sit and reach in women, while RCSP and shoulder slope had no relationship with any physical fitness variables.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.106-112
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• 2016

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of resistant exercise on the gait performance of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient. Design: A case study. Methods: A 30-year-old male adult who had been diagnosed with systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE) in April 2013, right middle cerebral artery infarction, and with left hemiplegia agreed to participate in this case study. Patient was unable to walk due to being affected with adynamia. Due to developing necrotizing vasculitis on the left lower extremity, patient underwent a myotomy on the left thigh. The patient was trained with a progressive resistant exercise program for 8 weeks. An intensity of 15 RM was used for the resistant exercises and the resistance level was increased progressively in order to improve the muscle power of the patient. Methods used to increase resistance included changing positions, providing mechanical resistance instead of manual resistance, transitioning from open kinetic chain to closed kinetic chain exercises, and changing the colors of the theraband to those with increase level of resistance. Outcome measures included the 5-repetition sit-to- stand test (5RSST), Timed Up & Go (TUG), and 10-meter walk test (10MWT). In addition, the GAITRite was used to assess the spatio-temporal gait variables, including gait speed, cadence, stride length of the left side, and double limb support pre and post-intervention. Results: The patient was able to perform sit-to- stand after two weeks of performing the resistant exercises. The patient was able to walk after 4 weeks, and the patient's overall gait performance had improved after 8 weeks. All of the variables had improved after each week. Conclusions: The results of this case study may be used to enhance future efforts to objectively evaluate resistant exercises during gait performance in persons affected by SLE.