• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.313-326
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to prove that an intermediate resin layer (IRL) oan increase the bond strength to dentin by reducing the permeability of single-step adhesives. Flat dentin surfaces were created on buccal and lingual side of freshly extracted third molar using a low-speed diamond saw under copious water flow. Approximately 2.0 mm thick axially sectioned dentin slice was abraded with wet #600 SiC paper. Three single-step self-etch adhesives; Adper Prompt L-Pop (3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA), One-Up Bond F (Tokuyama Corp, Tokyo, Japan) and Xeno III (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany) were used in this study. Each adhesive groups were again subdivided into ten groups by; whether IRL was used or not; whether adhesives were cured with light before application or IRL or not; the mode of composite application. The results of this study were as follows; 1. Bond strength of single-step adhesives increased by an additional coating of intermediate resin layer, and this increasement was statistically signigicant when self-cured composite was used (p < 0.001). 2. When using IRL, there were no difference on bond strengths regardless the curing procedure of single-step adhesives. 3. There were no significant difference on bond strengths between usage of AB2 or SM as an IRL. 4. The thickness of Hybrid layer was correlated with the acidity of adhesive used, and the nanoleakage represented by silver deposits and grains was examined within hybrid and adhesive layer in most of single-step adhesives. 5. Neither thickness of hybrid layer nor nanoleakage were related to bond strength.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.68-74
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This study examined the effects of additional acid etching on the dentin bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives with different compositions and pH. The effect of ethanol wetting on etched dentin bond strength of self-etch adhesives was also evaluated. Materials and Methods: Forty-two human permanent molars were classified into 21 groups according to the adhesive types (Clearfil SE Bond [SE, control]; G-aenial Bond [GB]; Xeno V [XV]; Beauti Bond [BB]; Adper Easy Bond [AE]; Single Bond Universal [SU]; All Bond Universal [AU]), and the dentin conditioning methods. Composite resins were placed on the dentin surfaces, and the teeth were sectioned. The microtensile bond strength was measured, and the failure mode of the fractured specimens was examined. The data were analyzed statistically using two-way ANOVA and Duncan's post hoc test. Results: In GB, XV and SE ($pH{\leq}2$), the bond strength was decreased significantly when the dentin was etched (p < 0.05). In BB, AE and SU (pH 2.4 - 2.7), additional etching did not affect the bond strength (p > 0.05). In AU (pH = 3.2), additional etching increased the bond strength significantly (p < 0.05). When adhesives were applied to the acid etched dentin with ethanol-wet bonding, the bond strength was significantly higher than that of the no ethanol-wet bonding groups, and the incidence of cohesive failure was increased. Conclusions: The effect of additional acid etching on the dentin bond strength was influenced by the pH of one-step self-etch adhesives. Ethanol wetting on etched dentin could create a stronger bonding performance of one-step self-etch adhesives for acid etched dentin.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.614-614
• /
• 2003

I. Objectives The purpose of this study was to compare the marginal microleakage of Prompt L-Pop, AQ Bond, One-Up Bond F, Futurabond, and Xeno III in Class V cavity. II. Materials and Methods One hundred Class V direct resin restorations were placed in the buccal and lingual surfaces of 50 extracted human molars. Each cavity had occlusal margin in enamel and gingival margin in dentin. Teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of the single step adhesives and composite resins.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.162-169
• /
• 2004

This study evaluated the marginal microleakage of five single step adhesives. Class V cavity preparations with occlusal margins in enamel and gingival margins in dentin were prepared on both buccal and lingual surfaces of extracted human molar teeth. Prepared teeth were randomly divided into five groups and restored using one of the single step adhesives and composite resins：Prompt L-Pop/Filtek Z-250 (Group 1), AQ Bond/Metafil CX (Group 2), One-Up Bond F/Palfique Toughwell (Group 3). Futurabond/Admira (Group 4), Xeno III/Spectrum TPH (Group 5). The restored teeth were thermocycled. Microleakage was assessed by dye penetration using 2% methylene blue dye solution. The teeth were bisected buccolingually and evaluated for microleakage under steromicroscope. The data were statistically analysed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney tests. The results of this study were as follows：1. Microleakage of enamel margins in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 1, 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 2. Microleakage of dentin margins in group 1 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 5, and that in group 3 was statistically higher than that in groups 2, 4, 5 (p < 0.05). 3. Dentin marginal microleakage was higher than enamel marginal microleakage in all experimental groups. In conclusion, Prompt L-Pop showed the least leakage at enamel margin, and AQ Bond showed at dentin margin in this study. Marginal miroleakage in dentin was higher than that in enamel.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.222-235
• /
• 2007

The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermocycling on the ${\mu}TBS$ (microtensile bond strength) to dentin with four different adhesive systems to examine the bonding durability. Freshly extracted $3^{rd}$ molar teeth were exposed occlusal dentin surfaces, and randomly distributed into 8 adhesive groups 3-steps total-etching (Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus; SM, All Bond-2; AB), 2-steps total-etching (Single Bond; SB, One Step plus; OS), 2-steps self-etching (Clearfil SE Bond; SE, AdheSE AD) and single-step self-etching systems (Promp L-Pop; PL, Xeno III; XE) Each adhesive system in 8 adhesives groups was applied on prepared dentin surface as an instruction and resin composite (Z250) was placed incrementally and light-cured. The bonded specimens were sectioned with low-speed diamond saw to obtain $1\times1mm$ sticks after 24 hours of storage at $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water and proceeded thermocycling at the pre-determined cycles of 0, 1,000 and 2,000. The ${\mu}TBS$ test was carried out with EZ-tester at 1mm/min. The results of bond strength test were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA/ Duncan's test at the a < 0.05 confidence level. Also, the fracture mode of debonded surface and the interface were examined under SEM. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. 3-step total etching adhesives showed stable, but bond strength of 2-step adhesives were decreased as thermocycling stress. 2. SE showed the highest bond strength, but single step adhesives (PL, XE) had the lowest value both before and after thermocycling. 3 Most of adhesives showed adhesive failure. The total-etching systems were prone to adhesive failure and the single-step systems were mixed failure after thermocycling. Within limited results of this study, the bond strength of adhesive system was material specific and the bonding durability was affected by the bonding step/ procedure of adhesive Simplified bonding procedures do not necessarily imply improved bonding performance.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.203-210
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of various application methods of one-step self-etch adhesives to microtensile resin-dentin bond strength. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six extracted human molars were used. The teeth were assigned randomly to twelve groups (n = 15), according to the three different adhesive systems (Clearfil Tri-S Bond, Adper Prompt L-Pop, G-Bond) and application methods. The adhesive systems were applied on the dentin as follows: 1) The single coating, 2) The double coating, 3) Manual agitation, 4) Ultrasonic agitation. Following the adhesive application, light-cure composite resin was constructed. The restored teeth were stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24 hours, and prepared 15 specimens per groups. Then microtensile bond strength was measured and the failure mode was examined. Results: Manual agitation and ultrasonic agitation of adhesive significantly increased the microtensile bond strength than single coating and double coating did. Double coating of adhesive significantly increased the microtensile bond strength than single coating did and there was no significant difference between the manual agitation and ultrasonic agitation group. There was significant difference in microtensile bonding strength among all adhesives and Clearfil Tri-S Bond showed the highest bond strength. Conclusions: In one-step self-etching adhesives, there was significant difference according to application methods and type of adhesives. No matter of the material, the manual or ultrasonic agitation of the adhesive showed significantly higher microtensile bond strength.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2005

This study compared the microshear bond strength $({\mu}SBS)$ to end and side of enamel rod bonded by four adhesives including two total etch adhesives and two self-etch adhesives. Crown segments of extracted human molars were cut mesiodistally. The outer buccal or lingual surface was used as specimens cutting the ends of enamel rods, and inner slabs used as specimens cutting the sides of enamel rods. They were assigned to four groups by used adhesives: Group 1 (All-Bond 2), Group 2 (Single Bond), Group 3 (Tyrian SPE/One-Step Plus), Group 4 (Adper Prompt L-Pop). After each adhesive was applied to enamel surface, three composite cylinders were adhered to it of each specimen using Tygon tube. After storage in distilled water for 24 hours, the bonded specimens were subjected to ${\mu}SBS$ testing with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The $({\mu}SBS)$ of Group 2 $(16.50\pm2.31 MPa)$ and Group 4 $(15.83\pm2.33 MPa)$ to the end of enamel prism was significantly higher than that of Group 1 $(11.93\pm2.25 MPa)$ and Group 3 $(11.97\pm2.05 MPa)$ (p<0.05). 2. The $({\mu}SBS)$ of Group 2 $(13.43\pm2.93 MPa)$ to the side of enamel prism was significantly higher than that of Group 1 $(8.64\pm1.53 MPa)$, Group 3 $(9.69\pm1.80 MPa)$, and Group 4 $(10.56 \pm1.75 MPa)$ (p<0.05), 3. The mean $({\mu}SBS)$ to the end of enamel rod was significantly higher than that to the side of enamel rod in all group (p<0.05).

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2013

Objectives: This study evaluated the effect of three different air-drying times on microleakage of three self-etch adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Class I cavities were prepared for 108 extracted sound human premolars. The teeth were divided into three main groups based on three different adhesives: Opti Bond All in One (OBAO), Clearfil $S^3$ Bond (CSB), Bond Force (BF). Each main group divided into three subgroups regarding the air-drying time: without application of air stream, following the manufacturer's instruction, for 10 sec more than manufacturer's instruction. After completion of restorations, specimens were thermocycled and then connected to a fluid filtration system to evaluate microleakage. The data were statistically analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey-test (${\alpha}$ = 0.05). Results: The microleakage of all adhesives decreased when the air-drying time increased from 0 sec to manufacturer's instruction (p < 0.001). The microleakage of BF reached its lowest values after increasing the drying time to 10 sec more than the manufacturer's instruction (p < 0.001). Microleakage of OBAO and CSB was significantly lower compared to BF in all three drying time (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Increasing in air-drying time of adhesive layer in one-step selfetch adhesives caused reduction of microleakage, but the amount of this reduction may be dependent on the adhesive components of self-etch adhesives.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.312-318
• /
• 2005

This study compared the microtensile bond strength $({\mu}TBS)$ of three single step adhesives to dentin. Occlusal superficial dentin was exposed in fifteen human molars. They were assigned to three groups by used adhesives: Xeno group (Xeno III). Prompt group (Adper Prompt L-Pop). AQ group (AQ Bond). Each adhesive was applied to dentin surface. and composite of same manufacturer was constructed. The bonded specimens were sectioned into sticks with an interface area approximately $1mm^2$, and subjected to $\mu$ TBS testing with a crosshead speed of 1mm/minute. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The ${\mu}TBS$ to dentin was $48.78\pm9.83MPa$ for Xeno III. $30.22\pm4.52MPa$ for Adper Prompt L-Pop. and $26.31\pm7.07MPa$ for AQ Bond. 2. The mean ${\mu}TBS$ of Xeno group was significantly higher than that of Prompt group and AQ group (p<0.05). 3. There was no significant difference between the ${\mu}TBS$ of Prompt group and AQ group.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.420-429
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to compare the micro ensile bond strength to bovine dentin of several adhesives (SM, Scotch $Bond^{TM}$ Multipurpose; SB, $Adper^{TM}$ Single Bond 2; SE, $Clearfil^{(R)}$ SE Bond; AQ, AQ $Bond^{TM}$; TS, $Clearfil^{(R)}$ tri-S Bond). Except SM and SB, they have a simplified one- or two-step application protocols in compare with the dentin adhesives conventional three-step protocols. For the microtensile bond strength test, the labial surfaces of bovine incisors were used. Following exposure of dentin layer, according to their manufacturer's directions, each dentin adhesives were applied and composite resin blocks were constructed. The teeth were sectioned for specimen and tested microtensile bond strength. Also observed the fracture mode of interface. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The microtensile bond strength values ranged from 51.34 to 24.04 MPa on dentin(in decreasing order, SE, SM, SB, AQ and TS). 2. The highest microtensile bond strength was by SE and SM on bovine dentin, and the lowest by AQ and TS. 3. SM, SB and SE showed cohesive failures and adhesive failure but AQ, TS presented almost adhesive failures. In summary, microtensile bond strengths of single-step adhesives (AQ and TS) on bovine dentin were significantly lower than those of multi-step adhesives (SM, SB and SE) (p<0.05).