• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.19
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• pp.8447-8450
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate factors for predicting the granulosa cell tumor of the ovary (GCTO) pre-operatively. Materials and Methods: This retrospective designed study was conducted on 34 women with GCTO as the study group and 76 women with benign ovarian cysts as the control group. Data were recorded from the hospital database and included age, body mass index (BMI), parity, serum estradiol ($E_2$) levels, diameter of the mass, ultrasonographic features, serum CA125 level, risk of malignancy index (RMI), duration of menopause, postoperative histopathology result, and the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Results: The demographic parameters showed no statistically significant difference between the groups. Preoperative diameter of the mass, CA125, duration of menopause, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were significantly different between the groups. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that diameter of the mass, serum estradiol and Ca125 levels, RMI and NLR may be discriminative factors in predicting GCTO preoperatively. Conclusions: In conclusion, we think that a careful preoperative workshop including diameter of the mass, serum estradiol ($E_2$) and Ca125 levels, RMI and NLR may predict GCTO and may prevent incomplete approaches.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.299-307
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• 2003

The effects of additions/deletions in glycosylated residues of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) produced in CHO-K1 on their secretion were examined. hEPO cDNA was amplified from human liver mRNA and cloned into the pCR2.1 TOPO. Using overlapping-extension site-directed mutagenesis method, glycosylation sites at 24th, 38th, 83rd, and 126th were respectively or accumulatively removed by substituting its asparagine (or serine) with glutamine. To add novel glycosylation sites, 69 and 105th leucine was mutated to asparagine. Mutant and wild type rhEPO constructs were cloned into the pcDNA3 expression vector with CMV promoter and transfected into CHO cell line, CHO-K1, to produce mutant rhEPO mutant rhEPO proteins. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Western analysis with monoclonal anti-EPO antibody were performed using supernatants of the cultures showing transient and stable expressions respectively. Addition of novel glycosylation reduced rhEPO secretion dramatically while deletion mutants had little effect except some double deletion mutants ($\Delta$24/83 and $\Delta$38/83) and triple mutant ($\Delta$24/38/83). This fact suggests that not single but combination of changes in glycosyl groups affect secretion of rhEPO in cell culture, possibly via changes in their conformations.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.341-348
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• 2011

Sloan-Kettering virus gene product of a cellular protooncogene c-Ski is an unique nuclear pro-oncoprotein and belongs to the Ski/Sno proto-oncogene family. Ski plays multiple roles in a variety of cell types, it can induce both oncogenic transformation and terminal muscle differentiation when expressed at high levels. The aim of the present study was to locate Ski protein in rat ovaries in order to predict the possible involvement of Ski in follicular development and atresia. First, expression of c-Ski mRNA in the ovaries of adult female rats was confirmed by RT-PCR. Then, ovaries obtained on the day of estrus were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for Ski and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in combination with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL). Ski was expressed in granulosa cells that were positive for TUNEL, but negative for PCNA, regardless of the shape and size of follicles. Expression of Ski in TUNEL-positive granulosa cells, but not in PCNA-positive granulosa cells, was also verified in immature hypophysectomized rats having a single generation of developing and atretic follicles by treatment with equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG). These results indicate that Ski is profoundly expressed in the granulosa cells of atretic follicles, but not in growing follicles, and suggest that Ski plays a role in apoptosis of granulosa cells during follicular atresia.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2009

The nucleotide sequence of the Paenibacillus curdlanolyticus B-6 xyn10A gene, encoding a xylanase Xyn10A, consists of 3,828 nucleotides encoding a protein of 1,276 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 142,726 Da. Sequence analysis indicated that Xyn10A is a multidomain enzyme comprising nine domains in the following order: three family 22 carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolases (xylanase), a family 9 CBM, a glycine-rich region, and three surface layer homology (SLH) domains. Xyn10A was purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli by a single step of affinity purification on cellulose. It could effectively hydrolyze agricultural wastes and pure insoluble xylans, especially low substituted insoluble xylan. The hydrolysis products were a series of short-chain xylooligosaccharides, indicating that the purified enzyme was an endo-$\beta$-1,4-xylanase. Xyn10A bound to various insoluble polysaccharides including Avicel, $\alpha$-cellulose, insoluble birchwood and oat spelt xylans, chitin, and starches, and the cell wall fragments of P. curdlanolyticus B-6, indicating that both the CBM and the SLH domains are fully functioning in the Xyn10A. Removal of the CBMs from Xyn10A strongly reduced the ability of plant cell wall hydrolysis. These results suggested that the CBMs of Xyn10A play an important role in the hydrolysis of plant cell walls.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.568-574
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• 2020

The feasibility of the particle-in-cell (PIC) method is assessed to simulate the non-collective phenomena like non-collective Thomson scattering (TS). The non-collective TS in the laser-plasma interaction, which is related to the single-particle behavior, is simulated through a 2D relativistic PIC code (XOOPIC). For this simulation, a non-collective TS is emitted from a 50-50 DT plasma with electron density and temperature of n_e = 3.00 × 10¹³ cm^-3 and T_e = 1000 eV, typical for the edge plasma at ITER measured by ETS system, respectively. The wavelength, intensity, and FWHM of the laser applied in the ETS system are λ_i,0 = 1.064 × 10^-4 cm, I_i = 2.24 × 10¹⁷ erg=s·㎠, and 12.00 ns, respectively. The electron density and temperature predicted by the PIC simulation, obtained from the TS scattered wave, are n_e,TS = 2.91 × 10¹³ cm^-3 and T_e,TS = 1089 eV, respectively, which are in accordance with the input values of the simulated plasma. The obtained results indicate that the ambiguities rising due to the contradiction between the PIC statistical collective mechanism caused by the super-particle concept and the non-collective nature of TS are resolved. The ability and validity to use PIC method to study the non-collective regimes are verified.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.205-211
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• 2001

Cleft palate is one of the most serious congenital anomalies in human that causes a sucking problem in newborn babies and morphologic deformity that usually leads to death in newborn mouse offspring due to an insufficient ability to suck milk. Therefore cleft palate had been researched with epidemiologic and molecular methods, and many etiologic factors were examined closely. Among of the research methods, biologic molecule researches have been more important method for cleft palate formation study. The $TGF-{\beta}$ had an important role in the cell migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation, extracellular matrix synthesis and deposition. But there was a little research which was study about correlation cleft palate induced by beta-aminonitroproprionitrile(BAPN) with $TGF-{\beta}$ expression. A purpose of this presented study was examed how $TGF-{\beta}$ expression in cleft palate mice. At gestation days 13, BAPN-monofumarate salts($(C_3H_6N_2)_2$ ${\cdot}$ $C_4H_4O_4$, Sigma Co.) was single oral administered to 4 pregnant rats according to 1g/kg body weight. And pregnant rats were sacrificed on day 20 post coitus(p.c.), The $TGF-{\beta}$ expression patterns of cleft formed fetus mice was followed that; 1.Osteoblast, mesenchymal cell and epithelial cell of cleft mice were low expression compare to control mice. 2.There was no $TGF-{\beta}$ difference expression pattern of osteocyte of cleft mice compare to control mice. 3. In western blot analysis, thickness of band of $TGF-{\beta}$ in cleft mice was thin and dilute compare to control mice.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1703-1706
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• 2014

Background: The current standard treatment for patients with newly diagnosed diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone (CHOP). A significant number of patients were not treated with recommended dose of rituximab due to limited financial resources in Malaysia. This study evaluates the efficacy of R-CHOP like chemotherapy in Malaysian patients with DLBCL. Materials and Methods: The study comprised a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated at a single centre. The outcome was compared with patients who were treated with R-CHOP like and CHOP like chemotherapy. Patients who were treated with lower dose of rituximab was subanalysed for outcome. Results: A total of 86 patients who had CHOP-like chemotherapy were included. Only 39 (45%) patients had rituximab and only 12 (29%) patients had the recommended dose. The overall response (OR) and complete response (CR) rates were 88% and 81% respectively. There was no significant difference in OR and CR in patients who had rituximab and those without rituxmab. Those with International Prognostic Index (IPI) score of ${\leq}2$ had significant higher CR rate, progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (p<0.001). Conclusions: The lack of significant improvement in CR and DFS in our patients may be due to an inadequate dose of rituximab.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6021-6024
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• 2014

Background: The STK15 gene located on chromosome 20q13.2 encodes a centrosome-associated kinase critical for regulated chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Recent studies have demonstrated STK15 to be significantly associated with many tumors, with aberrant expression obseved in many human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression of STK15 in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCCs) in a Mongolian population. Methods: Two non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the coding region of STK15, rs2273535 (Phe31Ile) and rs1047972 (Val57Ile) were assessed in 380 ESCC patients and 380 healthy controls. We also detected STK15 mRNA expression in 39 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas and corresponding adjacent tissues by real time PCR. Results: rs2273535 showed a significant association with ESCC in our Mongolian population (rs227353, P allele = 0.0447, OR (95%CI) = 1.259 (1.005~1.578)). Real time PCR analysis of ESCC tissues showed that expression of STK15 mRNA in cancer tissues was higher than in normal tissues (p = 0.013). Conclusions: Our study showed that functional SNPs in the STK15 gene are associated with ESCC in a Mongolian population and up-regulation of STK15 mRNAoccurs in ESCC tumors compared adjacent normal tissues. STK15 may thus have an important role in the prognosis of ESCC and be a potential therapeutic target.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1964

Yung Nok Lee (Dept. of Biology, Korea University) : Studies on the phosphate metabolism in Chlorella, with special reference to polyphosphate. Kor. J. Microbiol., Vol.2, No.1, p1-11 (1964). 1. Uniformly $^{32}P$-labeled Chlorella cells which were irradiated with Cobalt-60 gamma-rays of about 70, 000 $\gamma$ dose, were further grown in a standard "cold" medium ("hot".rarw."cold"), and some portions of the algae were taken out at the begining of, and at intervals during the culture, and subjected to analyze the contents of $^{32}P$- and total P in various fractions of the cell materials. Results obtained were compared with those of nonirradiated normal cells. 2. Amounts of phosphate in various fractions of the nonirradiated normal Chlorella cells were measured using uniformly $^{32}P$--labeled cells. Analysis of the $^{32}P$--labeled algal cells showed that the highest value in P-content was the fraction of RNA followed by those of lipid, polyphosphate "C" polyphosphate "B", DNA, nucleotidic labile phosphate compounds, polyphosphate "A" and protein. It was observed that content of total polyphosphates in a single Chlorella cell was almost equal to RNA-P content in the cell, and the amount of RNA-P was almost equal to ten times of DNA-P content. 3. When the $^{32}P$--labeled algae which were irradiated with gamma-rays were grown in a normal "cold" medium, phosphate contents in the fraction of DNA, nucleotidic labile phosphate compounds and protein decreased markedly, while the contents of phosphate in the fractions of polyphosphate "C" and potyphosphate "B" increased in comparison with those of unirradiated normal cells. So, it was considered that the pretreatment of above mentioned dose of gamma-ray inhibited DNA and protein synthesis from polyphosphate in Chlorella cells. 4. Proceeding the culture of $^{32}P$--labeled Chlorella in a "cold" standard medium, whose synthetic activity of DNA and protein from polyphosphate was disturded by gamma-ray irradiation, the amounts of $^{32}P$-in the fraction of polyphosphate "C" increased, in contrast with those of polyphosphate "B" fraction. According to these experimental results, it was inferred that polyphosphate "B" could transform into polyphosphate "C" in normal growing Chlorella cells.sults, it was inferred that polyphosphate "B" could transform into polyphosphate "C" in normal growing Chlorella cells.ing Chlorella cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.94-95
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• 2007

In this paper, the dependence of electrical characteristics of Silicon-$Al_2O_3$-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SANOS) memory cell transistors and program speed, reliability of memory device on interface trap between Si substrate and tunneling oxide was investigated. The devices were fabricated by the identical processing in a single lot except the deposition method of the charge trapping layer, nitride. In the case of P/E speed, it was shown that P/E speed is slower in the SONOS cell transistors with larger interface trap density by charge blocking effect, which is confirmed by simulation results. However, the data retention characteristics show much less dependence on interface trap. Therefore, to improve SANOS memory characteristic, it is very important to optimize the interface trap and charge trapping layer.