• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.135-144
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• 2020

Background: Panax species are important herbal medicinal plants in the Araliaceae family. Recently, we reported the complete chloroplast genomes and 45S nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences from seven Panax species, two (P. quinquefolius and P. trifolius) from North America and five (P. ginseng, P. notoginseng, P. japonicus, P. vietnamensis, and P. stipuleanatus) from Asia. Methods: We conducted phylogenetic analysis of these chloroplast sequences with 12 other Araliaceae species and comprehensive comparative analysis among the seven Panax whole chloroplast genomes. Results: We identified 1,128 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in coding gene sequences, distributed among 72 of the 79 protein-coding genes in the chloroplast genomes of the seven Panax species. The other seven genes (including psaJ, psbN, rpl23, psbF, psbL, rps18, and rps7) were identical among the Panax species. We also discovered that 12 large chloroplast genome fragments were transferred into the mitochondrial genome based on sharing of more than 90% sequence similarity. The total size of transferred fragments was 60,331 bp, corresponding to approximately 38.6% of chloroplast genome. We developed 18 SNP markers from the chloroplast genic coding sequence regions that were not similar to regions in the mitochondrial genome. These markers included two or three species-specific markers for each species and can be used to authenticate all the seven Panax species from the others. Conclusion: The comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes from seven Panax species elucidated their genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships, and 18 species-specific markers were able to discriminate among these species, thereby furthering efforts to protect the ginseng industry from economically motivated adulteration.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-16
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• 2014

Many species of Lymantria are important forestry pests, including L. dispar which is well known distributed from Asia to North America as an invasive species. Like of most other genera of moths, the systematic of this genus is still in dispute, especially on the monophyly and the relationship within this genus due to the fact that genus is very large and varied. This genus was morphologically defined only by a single aphomorphy. To clarify the monophyly of the genus Lymantria, to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among the Indonesian species, and to establish the genetic characters of Indonesian Lymantria, we analyzed 9 species of Indonesian Lymantria involving 33 other species distributed around the world based on nucleotide sequence variation across a 516-bp region in the CO I gene. The results showed that the base composition of this region was a high A+T biased (C: 0.3333). The results also showed that the monophyly of Lymantria was not supported by bootstrap tests at any tree building methods. Indonesian species was distributed into four different groups but the relationship among them was still in dispute. It indicates that relationships among the basal nodes (groups) proposed here were least valid due to the fact that the number of species may not be enough to represent the real number of species in the nature. Moreover CO I gene sequences alone were not able to resolve their relationships at the basal nodes. More investigations were needed by including more species and other genes that the more conserved.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.91-94
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• 2013

Commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes traditionally rely on the computational efficiency of the simplified single-film apparent char kinetic model to predict char particle temperatures and char conversion rates in pulverized coal boilers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the reliability of the single-film apparent kinetic model and to suggest the importance of proper use of this model. For this, a parametric study was conducted with a consideration of main parameters such as Stefan flow, product species, particle evolution, and kinetic parameters.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.746-753
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• 2017

In order to rapidly identify four drums species, Larimichthys polyactis, L. crocea, Atrobucca nibe, and Pseudotolithus elongates, a highly efficient and quick method has been developed using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with species-specific primers. Around 1.4 kbp of the mitochondrial COI gene sequences from the four drums species were aligned, and species-specific forward primers were designed, based on the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). The optimal conditions for PCR amplification were selected through cross-reactivity, using a gradient PCR method. The PCR results demonstrated species-specific amplification for each species at annealing temperatures between 50 and $62^{\circ}C$. Multiplex species-specific PCR (MSS-PCR) amplification reactions with four pairs of primers were performed for sixteen specimens of each species. MSS-PCR lead to a species-specific amplification of a 1,540 bp fragment in L. polyactis, 1,013 bp in A. nibe, 474 bp in L. crocea, and 182 bp in P. elongates, respectively. The four different sizes of each PCR product can be quickly and easily detected by single gel electrophoresis. The sensitivity of the MSS-PCR of the DNA was up to $0.1ng/{\mu}l$ as a starting concentration for the four different species tested. These results suggest that MSS-PCR, with species-specific primers based on SNP, can be a powerful tool in the rapid identification of the four drums species, L. polyactis, L. crocea, A. nibe, and P. elongates.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.64-64
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• 2018

The genus Cenchrus (Poaceae), containing ca. 97 species, is distributed throughout Australia, Africa and Indian sub-continent and which was introduced to the United States and Mexico for use in improved pasture. In Korea, especially Daecheong Island, it is one of the most hazardous invasive plant, which causes serious environmental threats, biodiversity damages and physically negative impact on humans and animals. It can cause serious damage to farms, fields and white sand beaches. However, the chloroplast (cp) genome sequences and information of Cenchrus longispinus have been not addressed, so we provide the complete cp genome of Cenchrus longispinus using next-generation sequencing technology. The size of cp genomes of this Daecheong Island species (Cenchrus longispinus) is 137,144 bp, and it shows a typical quadripartite structure. Consisting of the large single copy (LSC; 80,223 bp), small single copy (SSC; 12,449 bp), separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 22,236 bp). This cp genome contains 75 unique genes, 4 rRNA coding genes, 33 tRNA coding genes and 21 duplicated in the IR regions, with the gene content and organization are similar to other Poaceae cp genomes. Our comparative analysis identified four cpDNA regions (rpl16, rbcL, ndhH and ndhF) from three Cenchrus species, two Setaria species and one Pennisetum species which may be useful for molecular identification.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.78-85
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• 2012

URP primers that were derived from repetitive DNA sequence of rice weedy rice have been applied for producing PCR polymorphisms in different fungal species. URP-PCR protocol employed stringent PCR with high annealing temperature over $55^{\circ}C$ throughout the thermo-cycling reaction, giving high reproducibility. Under the PCR condition, Each single URP primer produced characteristic fingerprints from diverse genomes of different fungal species, indicating its universal applicability. URP-PCR has been accessed for applicability to various fungal species with 33 genus, 142 species and 1,489 isolates. Numerous related papers have demonstrated that URP-PCR profiles of fungal species are very useful for identifying fungal species at intra and inter species levels. The results were reviewed in this paper.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.349-358
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• 1997

From December 1995 to July 1997, a total of 546 Korean indigenous goats were examined for the presence of internal parasites by parenchymal organs and fecal examinations. Four hundreds seventy eight(87.5%) of the goats were infected with 4 classes and 12 parasitic species. The nematodes were Haemonchus contortus(57.5%), Oesophagostomun venulosum (52.6%), Strongyloides papillosus(48.4%), Ostertagia sp(28.4%), Trichostrongylus colubriformis(17.0%), and Trichuris ovis(13.2%). The trematodes were Paramphistomum sp(17.6%), Fasciola hepatica(15.4%), and Eurytrema Pancreaticum (8.8%). The cestode was Moniezia expansa(16.7%), and the protozoa were Eimeria sp(74.9%) and Toxoplasma gondii(8.6%). The incidence of single or mixed infections among 12 parasitic species were one species infection (6.2%), 2 species(11.5%), 3 species(19.6%), 4 species(24.9%), 5 species(17.8%), 6 species(5.9 %), and 7 species(1.6), respectively. The level of infection according to the age was considerably higher under one year(97.2%) than between one and two years(89.7%), and over two years(69.3%) Among 12 parasites, seasonal pattern was remarkably observed. Most paracites were detected at the highest level in the Winter, whereas Strongyloides papillosus and Paramphistomum sp were in the Spring, and Ostertagia sp and Fasciola hepatica were in the Autumn. Infection rates of Anaplasma sp were 8.6% of 210 goats by blood smear method, and 51.0% by complement fixation test.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

Plants are consumed by a myriad of organisms that compete for resources. Direct interactions among multiple plant-feeding organisms in a single host can range for each species from positive to negative. Wood-boring beetle faces a number of biotic and abiotic constraints that interfere with the good prospects from the tree. Biotic factors, including arthropod pests and diseases, and abiotic factors, such as drought and water-logging, are the major constraints affecting the species. The present study aimed to provide basic data for analyzing forest health, identify the kinds of wood-boring beetles in the central part of Korea. Our second goal was to analyze the species composition and diversity of regional communities and to examine. A total of 10,461 individual wood-boring beetles belonging to 8 families and 50 species attracted to trap trees in the pine forests were recorded during the study period on study sites. The results of the analysis of collected species showed that the community structure on all study sites was similar. Seasonal occurrences of dominant wood-boring beetles (5 species) from each study site showed the highest number of all species, except for Siphalinus gigas in May, followed by a gradual decline, and the largest number of Siphalinus gigas appeared in June. The similarity index of species composition was relatively high, ranging from 0.75 to 0.90 for each study site.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2001

Two new species of oribatid mites, Dicastribates tenuisetosus sp. nov, and Liacarus unjangensis sp. nov. are described from Korea. Dicastribates tenuisetosus sp. nov. is easily distinguishable from a single known species, D. heterotrichus (Mahunka, 1984) from Paraguay by the presence of 14 pairs of distallv attenuate notogastral setae, the smooth rostral and lamellar setae, the relatively short and distally attenuating interlamellar setae, the relatively short sensilli with distinctly clavated head, and presence of two and six setae on epimeral region III and genital plate. Liacarus unjangensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from most other known species by the very wide lamellae which cover dorsally whole prodorsum, the presence of equal sized inner and outer teeth of lamellar cusps and the minute rostral, lamellar and interlamellar setae.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.385-392
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• 2016

A new species of Tanaidacea is described from the eastern coast of Korea, under the name of Apseudomorpha magna in the family Metapseudidae. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: pleonites 2 and 5 and pleotelson have a large lateral seta; pleopods are biramous, in five pairs, each bearing a two-segmented exopod and a single-segmented endopod; the maxillular palp is two-segmented, with five setae on its distal segment; the pleotelson has a large seta on each anterolateral process; and the mandibular palp has 2, 7, and 13 setae on the first to third segments, respectively.